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19th century child labor in England
19th century child labor in England
Child labour nineteenth century
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I am studying how useful sources E and F are in arriving at an accurate explanation of how apprentices were treated at Quarry Bank Mill in the early 1840s. Source E was written by Robert Hyde Greg in 1843, 7 years after the incident happened. Robert H. Greg was the son of Samuel Greg, he was the original owner of Quarry Bank Mill. By 1836, which was when the Esther Price ran away, Robert H. Greg had inherited the mill. Source F was written in 1838, by a man called John Doherty. He was a campaigner for reducing children?s hours of employment in cotton mills. Doherty had also been in prison for organising pickets. The magistrate was a close friend of Samuel Greg, because of this John Doherty campaigned many times to close down and taint the reputation of Quarry Bank Mill.
Both sources E and F are accounts of Esther Price?s escape from Quarry Bank Mill to Liverpool at end of August 1836 with her friend Lucy Garner. Esther Price had asked to go to Liverpool during Wakes week, a holiday week when the factory was shut, but she was refused. She had two reasons for running away, she had heard that her father was ill and wanted to visit him. The other reason was to collect her birth certificate to prove that she was actually older than her indenture said so that she could get a paid job earlier as apprentices were not paid. An indenture was the contract that an apprentice signed to say that the child would work for Mr. Greg for a set amount of years, normally seven, and that if they broke any of the rules of that contract the boss had permission to punish them.
In source E it says that Esther price and her friend Lucy Garner ran away from the apprentice house on Saturday night. Lucy came back 5 days later on Thursday and Esther came back 5 days after that on Tuesday.
When the girls came back, they were each put into solitary confinement. Lucy Garner did not have her windows boarded up. However Esther Prices did, Robert H. Greg said it was also ?partly to prevent her escape.?
It says in source E Robert H. Greg wanted to punish them by cutting off the girls? hair, but his sister sally Greg and Mrs Shawcross, the former superintendent argued against this.
This was the first-time people had seen factories like this is America. Many famous, affluent, and powerful men visited these textile mills only long enough to admire the engineering advancements Lowell had made, and completely missed the inhumane treatment of the workers inside.
From the moment Lucy Winer was admitted to Kings Park on June 21, 1967, following several unsuccessful suicide attempts, she experienced firsthand the horrors of mental institutions during this time period in America. As Lucy stepped into Ward 210, the female violent ward of Building 21, she was forced to strip naked at the front desk, symbolizing how patient’s personhood status was stripped from them as soon as they arrived into these institutions. During her second day at Kings Park, Lucy started crying and another patient informed her not to cry because “they’ll hurt her”. This instance, paired with the complete lack of regulations, instilled a fear in Lucy that anyone at this institution could do anything to her without any punishment, which had haunted her throughout her entire stay at Kings Park. Dr. Jeanne Schultz was one of the first psychiatrists to examine Lucy and diagnosed her with chronic differentiated schizophrenia. In an interview with Dr. Schultz decades later, Lucy found out that many patients were
The Site for Quarry Bank Mill and Why It Was Chosen Samuel Greg, the son of Thomas Greg and Elizabeth Hyde, was born in Belfast in 1758. Samuel's father was a successful merchant and ship owner. His mother's family were also wealthy and into business. Her brother, Robert Hyde, was a merchant based in Manchester. He imported linen thread from Ireland and used weavers in Lancashire to turn it into cloth.
For the first time in history children were an important factor of the economic system, but at a terrible price. The master of the factories employed children for two reasons. One, because of their small body which can get inside the machines to clean it and use their nimble fingers. Second, the masters use to pay low wages to the children who could be easily manipulated. The average age for the parents to send their children to work was ten. Although, Conventional wisdom dictates that the age at which children started work was connected to the poverty of the family. Griffith presents two autobiographies to put across her point. Autobiography of Edward Davis who lacked even the basic necessities of life because of his father’s heavy drinking habit and was forced to join work at a small age of six, whereas the memoir of Richard Boswell tells the opposite. He was raised up in an affluent family who studied in a boarding school. He was taken out of school at the age of thirteen to become a draper’s apprentice. The author goes further and places child employees into three groups, according to the kind of jobs that were available in their neighbourhood. First group composed of children living in rural areas with no domestic industry to work in. Therefore, the average of a child to work in rural area was ten. Before that, farmers use to assign small jobs to the children such as scaring birds, keeping sheep
In the testimony Women Miners in the English Coal Pits written in 1842, the writer,
The owners of the factories in New England, like in Lowell, Massachusetts, oppressed young girls by being careless with their safety. It was already terrible that women made one-eighth of what men made; their affordability for employers made girls, especially immigrants, desirable to save money. That could be the cause of the employer’s lack of regard for their safety. In the factories, from sunrise to sunset, women, men, and children had to breathe in unhealthy and unventilated air. In addition, men and women were being injured and killed because of hazardous surroundings, as Mary S. Paul writes to her father, “My life and health are spared while others are cut off.” Workers have been breaking their necks and ribs and being killed by cars (Doc F). It is an employer’s responsibility to keep his/her employees safe because, in reality, it would be in their interest to keep their workers alive to make them money. Still the girl’s well-being and interests were ignored because it would trouble the factory owners. As a result of the owner’s profiteering, employees were dying.
The Foundry, defined by Joel Garreau in his book called The Nine Nations of North America, is an area compiled of cities in the Northeast Corridor such as New York City and Philadelphia to the cities near The Great Lakes. The Foundry is located in the Northeastern section of the Continental U.S. With cities such as NYC, Philadelphia, Chicago, and others, The Foundry is by far the most populous area in the United States. The common characteristic that ties most of the cities in The Foundry to each other is industrialization, thus the Northeast also being dubbed the “Rust Belt” (Rust Belt). Even though it is the Industrial heart of the U.S., The Foundry is not limited to coal and manufacturing, but stretches out to agriculture as well. That being said, to truly get an understanding about The Foundry, one would have to go back to the Age of Industrialization to appreciate the string that ties these cities together. But even with such a big part of history tying The Foundry together, every city and area in it, whether small or big, has its own unique taste and culture that differentiates one from the other. From their physical geographies to their cultures, each make up what the United States is, a land of diversity. From Detroit, Michigan’s Motown Blues and Chicago’s Great Lakes to New York City’s Broadway, Ivy League schools, and Niagara Falls, The Foundry is made up of a variety of people, land, and cultures.
The Lowell textile mills were a new transition in American history that explored working and labor conditions in the new industrial factories in American. To describe the Lowell Textile mills it requires a look back in history to study, discover and gain knowledge of the industrial labor and factory systems of industrial America. These mass production mills looked pretty promising at their beginning but after years of being in business showed multiple problems and setbacks to the people involved in them.
...ough his words refer to historical sources, they also apply to Douglas Monroy himself. Unveiling the intricacies of cultural interactions is a difficult task, and Monroy successfully reveals many of the complexities and contradictions of historical writing. However, he does not escape the tendency to create homogenous ?others.? Portions of his book, such as the treatment of Indians at the mission, are questionable. Although he maintains that his underlying theme is labor relations, the depth with which he writes about law and society seem to dictate a more holistic analysis. Labor relations among conflicting cultures may create history, but believing that history does not create labor relations seems unconvincingly economically determinist.
In 1832 Michael Sadler secured a parliamentary investigation of conditions in the textile factories and he sat as chairman on the committee. The evidence printed here is taken from the large body published in the committee's report. The questions are frequently leading; this reflects Sadler's knowledge of the sort of information that the committee were to hear and his purpose of bringing it out.
After Mark’s father John died in 1847 the family greatly struggled financially. To help aid his family in this economic upheaval he became an apprentice of a printer’s shop and wor...
6. “Now, on this final day of her life, Mrs. Clutter hung in the closet the calico housedress she had been wearing, and put on one of her trailing nightgowns and a fresh set of white socks.” (page 34, paragraph 2)
...-1820 : Parish Apprentices and the Making of the Early Industrial Labour Force. Studies in Labour History. Aldershot, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007.
Officially founded in 1834, Harrods is today recognised as one of London’s landmark. It’s one of the most successful and luxurious department stores in London. With the motto “Omnia Omnibus Ubique” (All things for all people, everywhere), Harrods makes sure to carry the title of exclusiveness.
The whole poem is a recounting of how the ship went down and remembering all that had been accomplished on it. “That banner in the sky; Beneath it rung the battle shout, And burst the cannon’s roar: --” On this ship, battles had been fought and cannons had been fired, things that specifically occurred during the revolutionary era. “Her deck, once red with heroes’ blood, Where knelt the vanquished foe,” also depicts the concept of the revolutionary era by discussing other elements of war. Furthermore, “... the victor’s tread, Or know the conquered knee; --” is another line that addresses the topic of battle, which is something that only occurred during the revolutionary era. Another piece found in this poem is the word “Ironsides” in the title. An ironside is defined as a soldier who served under a man by the name of Cromwell. This reveals that the poem is about soldiers and the battles they fought on their ship. Soldiers and war were two of the main aspects of the revolutionary war, so that is the era in which Old Ironsides