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Ratio Analysis
Ratios are a method of summarising and presenting financial
information in an easily understandable form. They are used to assist
us in assessing the performance of a business by identifying
relationships between different figures that are considered to be
significant. Ratios can be split into five groups, these five groups
are:
1. Cash Flow – These ratios measure the businesses ability to meet
financial commitments from cash flow.
2. Liquidity – These assess the businesses ability to meet the current
liabilities as they fall due.
3. Asset Management – These show the speed of funds through the
business operating cycle and how effectively working capital is
managed.
4. Stake – These compare the extent to which the business is funded by
its shareholders, lenders and creditors and indicates its ability to
service external debt.
5. Profitability – These ratios show profit margins, return on
capital and equity.
Ratio Analysis
Cash Flow
Cash flow is the lifeblood of any business. Therefore we begin our
structured analysis with cash flow ratios.
a) Overall Cash Cover
Notes for Overall Cash Cover :
Interest Cost is taken as Interest Received less Interest Paid (From
Cash flow Statement)
Dividends is taken as the Equity Dividends Paid (From Cash flow
Statement)
Short Term Debts is taken as the Bank and other Borrowings (From
Balance Sheet under the ‘Creditors: amounts falling due within one
year’ heading)
The Overall Cash Cover is a broad measure of the business’s ability to
meet all it’s short-term financial obligations from its core cash
flow.
The figure for 2004 shows that Allied Waste Disposal plc can meet its
short-term debts 2...
... middle of paper ...
...Ideally this percentage should be similar from year to year and is
comparable with other businesses in the same industry. It is be
controlled by the pricing policy of the business along with its
control of overheads.
The net profit figure for 2004 is 21.34%, this means that Allied Waste
Disposal plc is earning a net profit of just over 21 pence for every
£1 of sales after overheads has been deducted. This is a decrease from
last year, which showed a net profit of 23.99%.
This ratio measures the return on all capital employed against all net
income before tax and interest. A business’s performance should be
judged on ROCE, as it will not continue for long, without support,
unless this return exceeds at least the cost of borrowing.
The Return on Assets is a comprehensive ratio, which measures the
return on the total assets being used by the business
Fairy tales tell us that once upon a time a girl met a boy; they fell in love, and lived happily ever after. Reality is not that simple. Long-term relationships force couples to get to know each other, involve themselves in each others’ worlds, fight through the hard times, and eventually develop deeper connections as noted through distinctive stages of Knapp’s relationship model. Although I have dated the same person for over two years, our communication through relationship stages makes it seem as though I am now dating a different person than the one I met years ago. Following dissolution and subsequent repair, I realize the most exhilarating of roller coaster rides develop through sets of ups and downs, much like the stages on how our relationship is built.
Cash Flow Statement Eastman Kodak’s cash flow statement shows that cash has decreased every year except for 2012 (Nasdaq, 2015). The reason for this is that the company sold $90,000 of its capital assets and also issued a large amount of debt (Nasdaq, 2015). In 2013 Kodak repaid $811,000 of their debt, this was different from any of the other years (Nasdaq, 2015). They may have done this since 2013 was the only year with a positive net income. Each year from 2011 to 2014, Kodak purchased capital assets (Nasdaq, 2015).
Since ancient times, mankind had been always looking for beauty and proportion in all things. In every era, someone had dedicated his life to find the most excellent method to express Aesthetic through art (Architecture, Book Design, Painting, Music, Design, etc).
The issue of pornography has been debated and argued among many about its effects on morality and society. The questions most raised are is pornography moral or immoral and what defines it as such. Also, what makes something be seen as pornographic and therefore immoral. Often when someone brings up the subject of pornography they often envision something dark and seedy which in no way could ever be justified as virtuous. However, there are others who see it’s as being a healthy outlet and without harm to others. When applying the sociological theories of utilitarianism and deontology we can understand the different ideas of pornography. We can also use the perspectives of Emotivism and ethical egoism to make a rational argument about
Efficiency has been highlighted as a key financial objective for each company – as it is inherent in optimising profit from any business and helping sustain core business – which is the primary objective of both groups. It is also a good indicator of healthy cash flow management – a specific Sainsbury’s objective.
Laura Kipnis has described pornography as “an archive of data about...our history as a culture”. Therefore if, she described it as such, what can it tell us about the sexual history of the 20th century? Examining the history of the forms of archive from pornographic playing cards to blu-ray discs and the internet, this shows the ever changing form of how as a society we view pornography. From the forms of archive come the social implications of pornography. This will be examined through the 1986 Meese Commission in the United States of America into the pornographic industry. Finally, this exposition will also examine the differing views of Gay and Straight pornography and the changes that have taken over the 20th century. Overall, the 20th century was a fundamental shift in sexual attitudes towards pornography.
I have leant that ratio analysis offers better insight of a company’s financial position on the short-term and long-term basis. However, I would recommend that investor advice should be based on ratio analysis that considers ratios from several years. This will ensure that the investor is making an informed decision based on the company’s financial ratio performance trend.
Starbucks’ solvency ratios provide valuable insight into whether the company is generating sufficient cash flow to meet short-term and long-term obligations. At the end of 2014, Starbucks current assets of $4169 million and current liabilities of $3039 million produced a current ratio of 1.37. During this same period, Starbucks had quick assets of $2474 million (cash of $1708 million + short-term investments of $135 million + accounts receivable of $631 million) with current liabilities of $3039 million resulting in a quick ratio of 0.81. These ratios imply that Starbucks was reasonably liquid at the end of 2014 with $1.37 in current assets and $0.81 in quick assets for every $1 in current liabilities. In 2013, Starbucks had a current ratio of 1.02 and a quick ratio of 0.71 and the previous year the company’s current ratio was 1.90 with a quick ratio of 1.14. This data shows that Starbucks’ current ratio and quick ratio decreased considerably from 2012 to 2013 indicating a reduction in liquidity. Starbucks liabilities increased dramatically in 2013 because of an accrued
Sales growing at a faster rate than cost of goods sold. Projected FY4 and FY5 also had projected sales growing faster than cost of goods sold. See graph for details (Derived from Exhibit 1).
Whether pornography is an excuse to make acts of violence public? A big number of famous scholars, no matter men or women, have given their opinions. Each of them has their own view, but we can sort them into two groups, which are against to serious censorship and willing to convict and uproot pornography. Because of pornography, women’s status can never be equal to men’s. Recently, a revolution about the perception of moral values comes out in the world, which refers to how deep the changes of the method people think and act. Media have continuously played a big role in processing those changes in the revolution. Whereas, a lot of changes have been much worse. New violations of human dignity and Christian ideals have taken place. Within here, the media is also important. In the media, widespread pornography and wanton violence have increased in these years. Books and magazines, recordings, the cinema, the theater, television, videocassettes, advertising displays and even telecommunications regularly present a representation of violent behavior in sexual activity, which has been openly pornographic and morally offensive.
Pornography degrades the moral values of a society. With increased pornography in the contemporary society, sex is no longer a sacred act shared between two people who love each other. Sex has been abused by many people, while there has been an increase in promiscuity (Sabo 150). In addition, the perceptions that people have about sex and women has changed. Women are seen as objects or instruments of sexual satisfaction. They are no longer respected while men expect sexual gratification from acts that can even be termed as beastly. The effects are far reaching as young people as young as 12 years have been fed with the same perception (Peter and Valkenburg 179).
Many controversies have arisen nowadays as to whether international law is “natural law”, international law now faces considerable criticism as to its effectiveness as law and doubts as to its actual existence, and its power to bind countries .
Rae, Michale C. “What Is Pornography?” Wiley.com 17 Dec. 2002. Michael C. Rae. 26. Mar. ffffff 2014
Any successful business owner or investor is constantly evaluating the performance of the companies they are involved with, comparing historical figures with its industry competitors, and even with successful businesses from other industries. To complete a thorough examination of any company's effectiveness, however, more needs to be looked at than the easily attainable numbers like sales, profits, and total assets. Luckily, there are many well-tested ratios out there that make the task a bit less daunting. Financial ratio analysis helps identify and quantify a company's strengths and weaknesses, evaluate its financial position, and shows potential risks. As with any other form of analysis, financial ratios aren't definitive and their results shouldn't be viewed as the only possibilities. However, when used in conjuncture with various other business evaluation processes, financial ratios are invaluable. By examining Ford Motor Company's financial ratios, along with a few other company factors, this report will give a clear picture of how the company is doing now and should do in the future.
This paper will not discuss the moral concerns of pornography, because though they exist, this portrayal is meant to be factual and not opinionated, and one cannot discuss morals without opinions. That said, this paper will address pornography as an addiction, and therefore a problem, when taken to certain extremities. Where these boundaries lie, however, will not be discussed; this will be left up to the reader to define.