Question 1 The DMA, (Direct Memory Access), does not use a CPU but uses a direct memory access controller. Modern printers need to transfer large data and it needs to do this without overloading the CPU. Thus, if such printers use the CPU, there will be disruptions after each received character (to/from printer). When a fairly large data are transmitted, an ‘interrupt storm' and sluggish data transmission because the CPU would be too busy on the assignment. Also, most modern printers have their own internal memory, so that a block of characters can be transferred to the printer all at once. Consequently, the printer can print at its own rate without tying up the CPU. When the printer has completed printing and is ready to receive another set of data, it sends an interrupt to the CPU. Question 2 Vector graphics format relies upon mathematical rules and it uses binary codes to represent facts about an image such as size, type and orientation which can be later used for digital transmission. Basically, vector graphics involve: • Segments collection of straight and curved line • Use binary codes to represent object type, size and orientation • The most popular scheme to represent color is RGB (red-green-blue) • Colors are represented as a mixture of the proportion and intensity of RGB. In raster graphics, an image is represented as a two-dimensional array of spots, called pixels, which may take on the values black or white, or may be gray scale. This is also called also called “bitmap” image. Raster graphics is used for computer and facsimile image processing. Vector Graphics has some advantage over raster-based images in that the image quality (especially when replicated in bulky sizes) is better than what is obtained from a ra... ... middle of paper ... ...cates that processor speed in 1970s varied between 740 Kilo Hertz (KHz) and 8 Mega Hertz (MHz). But due to technology advancement, the period 2000 to 2009 experienced little in terms of speed difference. During this time period, the speeds varied between 1.3 GHz and 2.8 GHz. By implication, it means that the speeds have hardly doubled within a 10 year period. But if one looks at the number of transistors, then the law tend to be more accurate, for instance, between 2000 and 2009, there have been an increase in the number of transistors in the CPU. By implication, this suggests that the law is more accurate when applied to transistors than to speed. Presently, given the tremendous rate of growth in technology in recent times, this rapid increase in technological production has led to reductions in this period to less than every two years which was in the Moore’s law.
...e also impacted by Moore’s Law, a prediction by Grove’s cofounder Gordon Moore, that “the power of the computer chip would double every 18 months” (Krames, 2003, p.136). This true concept resulted in rapid change in the computer industry causing Dell Computer and Intel to consistently change as technology changed.
van Wijk, J.J., "Views on Visualization," Visualization and Computer Graphics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.12, no.4, pp.421,432, July-Aug. 2006. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.uproxy.library.dc.uoit.ca/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1634309&isnumber=34266
Summary of Clock Speed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of Temporary Advantage by Charles H. Fine
Artists also use stenciling, creating stylized motifs and quickly completed multiple images on a support. These may be the basis for further painting and used as a template to place objects in a painting.
Statistic images and landscapes, or know as fractal landscapes, and the way that this component works is that these statistic images...
I have been waiting for such a perfect opportunity to purchase my dream computer; the MacBook Pro, manufactured by Apple that weighs 2.02 kg. Getting the right specification was the breakthrough because, even more, my desire for the 15-inch laptop computer. The 15-inch computer has over 5 million pixels, which gives it a stunning look, with images taking a new level of pragmatism. It has an impressive 2880-by-1880 resolution that enables the eyes to view more of high-resolution images. Besides, it has a Retina display , which minimizes glare, maintaining an incredible quality and color. As a result, the high contrast ratio makes black images look blacker while white images look whiter. The inclusive IPS technology allows the user to view everything on the screen at a 178-degrees angle.
Moor’s Law: The number of transistors incorporated in a chip will approximately double every 24 months. (Moore, 1965)
It is well known that in the past, Renaissance artists received their training in an atmosphere of artists and mathematicians studying and learning together (Emmer 2). People also suggest that the art of the future will depend on new technologies, computer graphics in particular (Emmer 1). There are many mathematical advantages to using computer graphics. They can help to visualize phenomena and to understand how to solve new problems (Emmer 2). “The use of ‘visual computers’ gives rise to new challenges for mathematicians. At the same time, computer graphics might in the future be the unifying language between art and science” (Emmer 3).
In the past few decades, one field of engineering in particular has stood out in terms of development and commercialisation; and that is electronics and computation. In 1965, when Moore’s Law was first established (Gordon E. Moore, 1965: "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits"), it was stated that the number of transistors (an electronic component according to which the processing and memory capabilities of a microchip is measured) would double every 2 years. This prediction held true even when man ushered in the new millennium. We have gone from computers that could perform one calculation in one second to a super-computer (the one at Oak Ridge National Lab) that can perform 1 quadrillion (1015) mathematical calculations per second. Thus, it is only obvious that this field would also have s...
The Von Neumann bottleneck is a limitation on material or data caused by the standard personal computer architecture. Earlier computers were fed programs and data for processing while they were running. Von Neumann created the idea behind the stored program computer, our current standard model. In the Von Neumann architecture, programs and data are detained or held in memory, the processor and memory are separate consequently data moves between the two. In that configuration, latency or dormancy is unavoidable. In recent years, processor speeds have increased considerably. Memory enhancements, in contrast, have mostly been in size or volume. This enhancement gives it the ability to store more data in less space; instead of focusing on transfer rates. As the speeds have increased, the processors now have spent an increasing amount of time idle, waiting for data to be fetched from the memory. All in all, No matter how fast or powerful a...
BMP: BMP files ( Bitmap Image Files), store Bitmap digital images on the display device, such as computers or tablets. Examples of Bitmap files are digital images similar to the ones that use the file extension JPG.
Graphic design gives some the ability to build something magical on a computer or paper and turn it into a solid form for others to see or use. Graphic design or graphic communications is the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content. The form of the communication can be physical or virtual, and may include images, words, or graphic forms. The experience can take place in an instant or over a long period of time. The work can happen at any scale, from the design of a single postage stamp to a national postal signage system, or from a company’s
Computer Graphics is the bond between humans and computers. Computer graphics is a large field that branches into almost all fields of computer science; however its roots are young. Computer graphics has massively grown over the past 40 years and is now our primary means of communication with computer applications. Do to technological limitations in the 1950s, computer graphics began as a small, specialized field. The Whirlwind project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is marked as the origin of computer graphics (Machover 14).
As I have been using some of the graphics software program such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop CS6 their lots of innovation and creation to play around and I have used...
Visual Communication could be described as processes that rely primarily on rich visual content as the means of conveying information through words, photos, colors, shapes, and many other components. However, visual communication explores the use of graphical components in achieving communication goals. Visual communication has both critical and practical parts. According to the current book we use in the class “Visual Communication, Images with Messages”, the critical part of visual communication is known as visual rhetoric, which explores the way that designers use visual elements to influence audiences.