Introduction Computer Graphics is the bond between humans and computers. Computer graphics is a large field that branches into almost all fields of computer science; however its roots are young. Computer graphics has massively grown over the past 40 years and is now our primary means of communication with computer applications. Do to technological limitations in the 1950s, computer graphics began as a small, specialized field. The Whirlwind project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is marked as the origin of computer graphics (Machover 14). The Whirlwind computer had a video display that was controlled interactively by a light gun. The display attracted users much more than computer code. The Whirlwind computer became the basis for SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment), a defense command-and-control system developed for the Air force. In the 1960s Ivan Sutherland’s MIT doctoral thesis introduced a Sketchpad interactive drawing system, which established the theoretical groundwork for computer graphics software (Machover 14). In the mid-1960s, computer graphics was booming in private industry. General Motors had released DAC-1 a computer-aided design system, and Itek developed the Digigraphics electronic drafting machine. By the late 1960s the first storage-tube display terminals appeared, shortly followed by direct-view storage tube display terminals (DVST) which cost thousands of dollars; however this was an improvement to the tens to hundreds of thousands spent initially for display systems. In the 1970s Turnkey systems emerged, beforehand users had to develop software to make their hardware work however turnkey systems provided a haven to users from software issues. Bit-mapped raster displays developed as memory... ... middle of paper ... ...28V: Recent Advances in Computer Graphics, Spring 2005. Web. 26 Apr. 2011. /cmsc828v/papers/p335-pfister.pdf>. Rogers, David F. "Preface." An Introduction to NURBS: with Historical Perspective. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2001. Google Books. Google. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. . Sims, Karl. "Artificial Evolution for Computer Graphics." ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics25.4 (1991): 319-28. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. Wei, X., Chai, J. 2010. VideoMocap: Modeling Physically Realistic Human Motion from Monocular Video Sequences. ACM Trans. Graph. 29, 4, Article 42 (July 2010), 10 pages. DOI = 10.1145/1778765.1778779 Web. 5 Apr. 2011.
Its innovations included hierarchical drawings, constraint-satisfaction methods, and an interactive GUI. When asked, “How could you possibly have done the first interactive graphics program, the first non-procedural programming language, the first object oriented software system, all in one year?” Sutherland replied, “Well, I didn't know it was hard1.” Sketchpad's graceful interaction and functionality continue to inspire admiration among computer graphics professionals.
Different graphics are used to bring media to life for example if film is set in the old days then you are not going to use futuristic graphics, you may even want to add a black and white filter to add to the vintage feel of it. Graphics are essential for manipulating and creating the perfect environment for the media to be set.
When graphic design began, it was much simpler than it is today. Most people consider graphic design to be done only on computers and fancy operating systems, when in fact graphic design in much more complex than that. Graphic design has its roots in early caveman drawings using stone, organic paints and charcoal. Since these early humans had no to little verbal communication, logic dictates that they would have to communicate instead with a plethora of symbols and graphic representations of ideas. As time progressed, the methods of visual communication, as well as verbal communication, evolved. Materials in graphic design became more refined such as digital or traditional printing. Some of the milestones in graphic design were the invention of printing presses, text-based design such as Typography, molds, and computers.
According to a poll question that was conducted in 2012 by graphicdesign.com, about 93% of Graphic Designers agreed to the statement that the Graphic Design industry is in bad shape and do not know where the discipline is headed. The root of Graphic Design is communication of an idea through art or graphics. And it has been in human history for the longest time, from cave drawings to hieroglyphs and from physical prints to the digital media. It has become a well-established industry but many of those who have been working as graphic designers for years see that it is heading nowhere, and that it has sustainability issues. But because the industry is adaptable, has economic advantages and because there is a great need of appealing and enticing art that communicates, the Graphic Design industry will develop, prosper and stand out of other creative industries since adaptable, economically advantageous and essential industries that offers a service that no other will, will develop, succeed and stand out.
The subject of this term paper will be about computers in the 1950’s. The divisions that will be covered are; the types of computers there were, the memory capacity of computers, the programming languages of that time, and the uses of the computers for that time. Information will be gathered from the Internet, from books, and from magazines, and from the encyclopedia.
in today's society and is important to have in life. Graphic design is used in media, the
When people hear the word 'Animation' the first thing that may come to mind would be cartoon. Although this is partially the correct answer, what many people don't realize is that without animation's history many things we take for granted today would not exist. A lot of the inventions and innovations in the industry of animation would have prevented the film, gaming, graphics, and even the computer industry to almost being non-existent. The story of animation is far from their famous kid-friendly fairy tales and colorful worlds, in fact many animated films and short films are too dark or sexual for children to even view. From Mainstream to Avant-Garde, the story is filled with hundreds of companies across the world rising and falling from fame, animators and film directors working years on films then destroying them in their downfall. It may be a bit surprising to find out that this massive and intricate story started over 29 years before Disney was even born.
Douglas Engelbart, who was an electrical engineer and former naval radar technician, saw computers as more than number crunchers. “He knew from his days as a radar technician that screens could be used to display digital data, and therefore assumed it was possible to use a screen to display output from a computer (Mitchell).” It was a good ten years before Engelbart had the resources to build the devices that he had been thinking of for so long. Then invention that he knew would change the way computer w...
Graphic design gives some the ability to build something magical on a computer or paper and turn it into a solid form for others to see or use. Graphic design or graphic communications is the art and practice of planning and projecting ideas and experiences with visual and textual content. The form of the communication can be physical or virtual, and may include images, words, or graphic forms. The experience can take place in an instant or over a long period of time. The work can happen at any scale, from the design of a single postage stamp to a national postal signage system, or from a company’s
When I played my first video game, I was fascinated by it. It was like traveling to a different world where anything was possible. As I became more and more interested in video games, I wondered how they were made. I learned that animation was a large part of how a video game is made. So from then on I knew that I wanted to be an animator, preferably in the video game business. Based on the research that I have done, I think that a career in animation would be right for me, because it is in a field that I enjoy, the hours can be very flexible, and the pay is very good.
When one thinks about the cartoons of the past, like TigerSharks, ThunderCats, and G.I. Joe, one will remember the rich story lines, the wild character profiles, and the inspiring battle cries of "Yo Joe" and "Thunder, Thunder, ThunderCats, Ho!!" With technology changing every day, a new form of animation has arisen. This new form is called "Japanimation" or "Anime." It is slowly becoming a part of this culture just as much as hamburgers and pizza. It still has a long way to go, but it is slowly creeping into the American genre of animation.
As I have been using some of the graphics software program such as Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop CS6 their lots of innovation and creation to play around and I have used...
Animation is a visual technique that creates the illusion of motion, rather than recording motion through live action. The technique is used mainly for motion pictures. Animation can be created by illustrators, filmmakers, video makers, and computer specialists. Animation is most popular in creating cartoon movies. Advertisers also employ animation to develop commercials for television. In addition, producers of instructional films may use animation to help explain a difficult idea or one that could not be shown in live action. Animation can also be combined with live action in a movie. Many animators continue to make many drawings by hand. Since the mid-1980's, however, computer assistance combined with hand-drawn animation has become standard in many movie studios. These methods created such feature-length animated films as The Lion King (1994) and The Prince of Egypt (1998).
The Role of Computer Generated Imagery in the Film Industry Computer Generated Imagery is the special effects used in motion pictures to create a visual depiction of an illusion that can not be easily created in real life. Directors of major motion pictures have been using these technologies since the early days of the personal computer. Early on, when and special effects were in their beginning stages, it was difficult to make efficient and effective effects that are well accepted by the movie critics and the general public. An evolution of special effects and the introduction of computerized animation brought the standards for movie effects to a higher level. The development of new methods of Computer Generated Imagery for less money and more effective than in the past has allowed even fairly low budget movies to incorporate such technology.
This machine could do math, display graphics at the drop of a dime, and play two dimensional games (whic was all that was around back then). This wasn't something that you normally saw. This was something that seemed to come straight out of a science fiction film. At least that was what I thought.