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Discuss the factors of migration. Essays
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Throughout the human history, there is a movement of peoples from one place to another. Migrations can be voluntary or involuntary because some migrations are done willingly, while others are done under coercion. Migrations intend to settle temporally or permanently in a new location depending on their circumstances. This paper will determine the explanation of migrations in the medieval period based on the activities of three different civilizations. It will examine the main potential reasons why there were movements of people from one place to another during the medieval times. Also, analyze what are the effects and outcome of these migrations. Furthermore, it will argue that physical forces factors such as economic, social, political and …show more content…
For instance, the human population trebled from about 1000-1350 and main reason is due to migrations (Davis, 245). Civilizations such as Vikings, Saracen, and Magyar migrated to Northern Europe and France (Davis, 250). Hence, the area of northern Europe and France was open and deserted and fully of resources such as food, animals and spaces (Davis, 250). Therefore, due to the affluent of quantity resources, this cause an attraction and driven a massive of people and civilizations to migrated in northern Europe and France. As results, there were increases and spread of population rapidly that filled the spaces and by 1300-1350 Europe was closed and the frontier was gone (Davis, 250). Furthermore, the drastic increased of human population in northern Europe and France led into a crisis of an economic and agricultural causing drought and poverty. Reason being there was a limitation and regulation. Limitation at some level of scarcity of one or more resources such as food, transport or space and regulation that brings the population to the limits set by the environment (Davis, 249). The increase of human populations totally occupied the deserted space and demands a higher quantity of food supply, in which creating a limitation and regulation in the population. For example, the pressure for land resulted in restriction of the use of forests, decrease in the size of the farms, …show more content…
But based on the migrations in medieval period it appears that economic, social, political and environmental are the primary reasons that cause people to move from one place to another. And these aspects create a “push” and “pull” factors. Migrations in terms of “push” from source of countries and “pull” from destination countries (Balarajan, Cameron and Goldin, 213-214). In other words, push factors are the reasons why people leave an area and pull factors are the reasons why people move to a particular area. As mentioned earlier, there are three different civilizations that migrated in particular area during the medieval period. Whether it was voluntary or involuntary migration it appears that all three different civilizations experienced a push and pull factors that motivated them to migrate. Arabs migrated to East Africa because they endure severe push factors such as flooding, drought, war, and poverty and seek pull factors in East Africa such greater wealth of resources, safer environment, and fertile land. In contrast, the migration Vikings, Saracen, and Magyar in the northern Europe and France was closely similar to Arab migration to East Africa. Because Vikings, Saracen, and Magyar triggers pull factors that driven them to move, due to fertile land, good food suppliers, deserted spaces of northern Europe and France. However, when the northern Europe and France began to endure crisis majority of population moved due to
Through analyzing the five given documents, factors affecting cultural exchange through civilizations during 1000 and 1400 A.D. are noticeably those which result in the bringing of new ideas to a different area, such as missionary work, commerce, war, and travels. As new religions sprouted throughout Europe on other expansive areas, missionaries were sent out to foreign lands. Document 1 comes from the viewpoint of a Roman Catholic missionary attempting to spread his faith by presenting a letter from the pope to the emperor of the Tatars. This shows that by converting a powerful leader to your faith, such as an emperor, it is easier for others to follow said faith. Documents 2 and 4 also emphasize how travel can be accountable for the exchange of ideas between cultures. Both Ibn Battuta and Marco Polo traveled extensive distances, stopping in various cities. Throughout their journeys, they carried their ideas with them, but were also introduced to the ideas of the people in the places they were visiting. Document 3 presents what is most likely the culprit for the increase in cultural diffusion during 1000 to 1400 A.D. War is often the reason for major cultural diffusion because, as new lands are conquered and the people of that land are put under the rule of a different people, the beliefs, traditions, and cultures of the conquerors mesh with those of the conquered. Document 5 also introduces a driving force in cultural diffusion – commerce. During this time period, many people were traders. Products made by a people are characteristics of their culture, whether it is the skill, intelligence, cleverness, or religious inclination of those people. As traders made their way to foreign lands to conduct business, whole empires were int...
as population grew, less land was available for children (this led to some people wanting t expand out west)
The people of ancient civilizations like ancient China and ancient Greece chose to move from one place to another frequently to find a location that was most suitable for their settlement. How they determined a location was based on both its economical and geographical features. They would ask questions like “Will the soil be fertile enough to sustain plant life?” “Can I trade easily within the location?” “Is the terrain rocky or flat?” and so on. I will be analyzing the push and pull factors of ancient China and ancient Greece to determine why they moved from one region of their country to another. Pull factors are the good features of a region that would make people want to come to it like desirable economical and geographical features. Push factors are the bad features of a region that would cause people to want to move away from that region possibly because of economical and geographical features.
made it difficult to grow food. Overpopulation is the condition of having a population so
Gregory, James N.. "Second Great Migration: Historical Overview." UW Faculty Web Server. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Sept. 2011. .
In Chapter 1, it talked about how the world population was decreasing in the 1400s, after the Black Death. The population in 1400 was around 6% of the population today and 80% were peasants. One thing that decreased the population was climate change. The better the climate, the more the crops improved, which sustained an increasing population. As Arizonians, we never really face the problem of having dying crops due to the cold weather. Another factor was the Agricultural Revolution. The agricultural surplus of food created during the revolution led to a separation in society between those who were and were not producing foods. It also gave ride to cities and writing. Cities interacted with each other through trade. But if the goods were extremely important, rulers would take over the land that the goods came from and led to the rise of empires.
The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been characterized by the physical movement of Homo sapiens from one place to another, sometimes over thousands of miles, either individually, or in the form of flocks, both voluntarily as well as involuntarily. This act of leaving ones’ ground and moving to another land with a motive is known as migration. The motive can be anything such as bett...
Migration is not just about arrival, but also departure and circulation’ (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 150). Explain how different sorts of evidence in DD102 have been used to support this claim.
Many of the French people were left without homes, food or livestock, they were about to face a harsh winter and were unsure if they had enough seeds to plant crops the following year. The climatic changes that occurred over Europe had drastic consequences for agriculture, resulting in malnutrition which pre-disposed the populace to disease. Inflation increased and famine soon spread across Europe, resulting in many deaths. Around 1339, Europe’s population began to increase, this growth began to surpass the capacity of the land to feed its populace. Therefore, a severe economic crisis began to emerge....
Lyons (2006) suggests that globalisation creates push and pull factors. Pull factors may include the recruitment drive of highly skilled migrants to developed countries, in return for better pay and working conditions. Push factors may force individuals to migrate due to poor living and working conditions in their native country. Political factors which infringe human rights and fear of persecution may cause individuals to flee also.
Fewer people mean fewer demands on the environment. With growth in human population, the grasses and animal populations humans used for sustenance did not have time to recover, which turned into humans using the earth's natural resources in an unsustainable manner (class discussion 02.14.03). Humans living in agrarian society do not necessarily use the environment's resources in an unsustainable manner, but the greater the population density, the more land will be needed to support that population in a sustainable manner. As resources become more and more scarce, field owners will be less willing to let land lay fallow (class discussion 02.21.03). Humans then found a "tech fix" with the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals.
Human displacement can be found in any time period since human existence but the numbers have been drastically increasing in the past couple of years. In order to understand why people leave their countries it is important to understand the causes of human displacement. The reasons can differ by geographical area, country, faith, family and individual.
The history of human movement has been one of a shift from a nomadic lifestyle to a more sedentary one with the agricultural revolution. With the agricultural revolution, people gradually abandoned the hunter-gatherer lifestyle, so they were no longer moving around, following the migration patterns of the animals that humans hunted and the seasonal pattern of plants as they became suitable for consumption (Discovery Channel 01.27.04). The industrial revolution brought about a shift from a more pastoral lifestyle to a more urban one, as people moved from the country to the city, but at the same time, trade enabled movement between cities. As people moved, they have also brought with them new ideas and cultures. For example, when the conquistadors came to the Americas, they came in search of gold, but some also came as missionaries, to spread the word of God and convert all of the heathen indigenous peoples to Christianity (Cipolla). Christianity first had to spread throughout Europe and North Africa and it started along the coastal areas, and then spread inland. Spread of Christianity - BYU Instructional Media Center From Europe, Christianity came to the Americas. Spanish Catholic missionaries came to what is now present-day Mexico, Central America, and South America, as evidenced by the spread of the Spanish language. The French came to the New World as trappers and traders. Th...
...arge tracks of land (fiefs) in the rural areas. The individuals that had no land were used as laborers in these farms. The peasant laborers (serfs) worked for the landowners in exchange for residence as well as protection from enemies. However, around 11th century, the feudal system began failing as a result of introduction of new farming methods and implement. The invention of implements such as the plough and crop rotation rejuvenated agriculture that led to increased food supply. In essence, the population increased resulting to increased rural urban migration.
Migration from one area to another in search of a better livelihood has always been a key feature in human lives. It serves as an outlet for better earnings, job opportunities and reduced income risks. When certain sectors or regions fall short of their potential to support the residents, people tend to migrate to get a hold of better opportunities away from the place of origin. Migration has become a universal phenomenon. Due to the industrialisation, there has been an expansion in transportation and communication hence widening the gap between rural and urban areas, including a shift of labour force towards more urbanised areas.