Marketing Genetically Engineered Food

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Recommended: Negative Effects Of Genetically Modified Engineering In Agriculture

Unlike genetically modified plants, genetically modified animals are not yet available to consume. However, some animals were subjected to trails of genetic modification. There are three main processes in genetically modifying animals. A group at Yale University conducted the first in 1980. The process, known as microinjection, was used to fertilize mouse eggs with foreign human growth DNA to result in a hybrid genome. This process however has only a five percent success rate and therefore is not very effective. The next process is known as retroviruses. This process allows ribonucleic acid to serve as a template to produce DNA and later inserted into the host’s gene. However, this causes random placement of the DNA and is not a very popular method. The last method is called embryonic stem cell transfer. This allows gene targeting and the insertion of DNA into a specific spot in the animal’s gene, much like genetic engineering in plants (Lee). Genetic modified animals that are currently being tested include salmon, sheep, swine, and cows. Even though genetic modified animals are controversial, many benefits can come from genetically altered animals.
In 1995, a company known as AquaBounty, applied for approval from the Food and Drug Administration to begin selling to the general public a genetically modified salmon. The salmon, known as Salmo salar, carries two different types of DNA. The first DNA is a growth hormone from the Chinook salmon. The other is DNA from the ocean pout, or Zoarces americanus, a type of eel that lives in very cold and deep waters. With these two insertions into the genetic code of the salmon, the salmon can produce a growth hormone all year round instead of just during the summer months. Producing growth...

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..."Genetically Modified Crops." Biotechnology: In Context. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2012. In Context Series. Student Resources in Context. Web. 23 Jan. 2014.
Anthes, Emily. "Don’t Be Afraid of Genetic Modification." The New York Times. The New York Times, 9 Mar. 2013. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
Bren, Linda. "Genetic Engineering: The Future Of Foods?." FDA Consumer 37.6 (2003): 28- 34. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 23 Jan. 2014.
Gore, Albert. “Genetic Engineering: Defining the Issue.” Manipulating Life: Debating the Genetic Revolution. Ed. Gary E. McCuen. Hudson: G.E. McCuen Publications, 1985. Print.
Lee, Thomas F. "Genetic Engineering." Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online, 2014. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
Rhines, Karin. "Using Genetics for Food Production." The New Book of Popular Science. Grolier Online, 2014. Web. 16 Jan. 2014.

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