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Educational implications of social class
Educational implications of social class
Social class as an effect of education attainment
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When thinking of our family, and our background, most would argue to say that what we get from them are positive things such as a sense of comfort and pride. In countries like the United States, having a family to lean on is never a bad thing. However, what most of us do not usually see is that, sometimes the very own people who brought us up, and had the utmost influence on our lives, are the very own people who have set barriers for us. Such is the case presented when Lee Bryant, a contributor to the History Learning Site, says, “people who are working class have themselves to blame for the failure of their children in education” (par.1). Cultural capital is an attribute handed down to us from those who have raised us, such as our parents; unfortunately, like most other things in the world, the people in the upper class are the one’s who most benefit from this idea, leaving the rest of society in a bind trying to figure out how to break the vicious cycle.
The issue with cultural capital is that we do not have any control over it. To a certain degree, it comes down to luck and destiny as we are each born into certain families who have too been passed down a certain cultural capital from the families to which they were born in. Being surrounded by a certain type of success, whether it’d be good or bad, makes it easy for one to end up in similar situations. It is for reasons like this that Vincent J. Roscigno and James W. Ainsworth-Darnell, authors and contributors of the book, Sociology of Education, claim that
“background matters for achievement” (par. 1). How far your achievements take you depends on the quality of cultural capital your guardian gives you growing up.
This can be a major problem for the less fortunate as in m...
... middle of paper ...
... my kids with an unimaginable amount of cultural capital in which they will use to excel and prosper.
Works Cited
Annette Lareau. “Social Class Differences in Family-School Relationships: The Importance of Cultural Capital” Sociology of Education Vol. 60, No. 2 Apr., 1987, pp. 73-85. JSTOR. Web. 17 November 2013.
Bryant, Lee. “Cultural Capital.” HistoryLearningSite.co.uk. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 November 2013.
Giddens, Anthony, et al. Introduction to Sociology. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. Print.
Guillory, John. Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1993. Print.
Vincent J. Roscigno and James W. Ainsworth-Darnell. “Race, Cultural Capital, and Educational Resources: Persistent Inequalities and Achievement Returns.” Sociology of Education Vol. 72, No. 3 Jul.1999, pp. 158-178. JSTOR. Web. 17 November 2013.
In Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, Annette Lareau discussed the extensive amount of research she conducted employing observational and interview techniques. She collected data on the middle class, working class, and poor families. She was trying to understand the impact of a child’s early parental guidance on the child’s life. She was able to conduct this research with 12 families, all of whom had fourth graders. She gathered enough information to conclude the major differences in the parenting styles of each type of family, which was directly correlated to socioeconomic status. Annette Lareau opens her book with two chapters to give the reader an idea on what the examples she gives will detail.
The book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life published in 2003, takes a close look into the lives of different families in the United States and how they are affected by race and social class and how their family lives differ. The Author, Annette Lareau, discusses how social class affects the parenting styles and how these parenting styles are affecting the children. Although Lareau’s book could use a few changes, it is well written and it is a good read to help better understand how social class and parenting styles can affect the lives of different children on a personal level. In
The article I chose to research is entitled Cultural Code-Switching: Straddling the Achievement Gap by Jennifer Morton. It was published in September 2014 and placed in the journal of political philosophy, with regards to education as well. The goal of the article was to point out the inequality that comes with the educational achievement gap and how to begin to fix the issue that has arisen. Morton explains that political, institutional, and structural factors lead to the segregation of poverty in minority communities because of their lack of access to educational and health service, reliable public transportation, and job (Morton 275).
However, to determine your place on the social ladder one needs economic and cultural reproduction. As DeMarrais and LeCompte state “wealth can be converted into social and cultural capital providing distinct non merit advantages that can be transferred to the children of the rich and powerful” (1999, 14). In other words, social capital and cultural capital are crucial assets. Likewise, as stated in The Meritocracy Myth “rather than viewing schooling as promoting democracy, social mobility, and equality, conflict theorists conceptualize schools as reproducing both the ideologies of the dominant social groups and the hierarchy of the class structure” (McNamee and Miller Jr. 2014,
Besides race, the scholar also reveals how childhoods are unequal based on social class. Drawing from the American society, there are several social classes. For each class, there are unique pathways of lives followed and these usually influence both the educational and work outcomes. To ...
Being raised as the eldest of five siblings by immigrant parents who were never able to finish school and pursue their ambitions because of their unfortunate financial situations. Opportunities like the one GHP is offering will not only be a life altering experience, but an experience that will expand my leadership, my communication skills, and my connections in the real world. I not only chose to apply to GHP because of the opportunity to challenge my skills on balancing school, student organizations, volunteer activities, and work but in hopes of showing my fellow peers, teachers, parents, and for younger siblings that it is possible to achieve your dreams even for a family that has financially struggled all through their lives. My parents have always motivated me to take every opportunity that is available to further guide me in my pathway to success. Opportunities like GHP are usually given to those who come from privileged families, however as coming from a family that doesn’t have the same privilege I
Hugo García and Nancy Ramirez write about Tyrone C. Howard’s Why Race and Culture Matters in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in America’s Classrooms. The book stimulates conversations and debates in K-12 regarding the measuring of student learning outcomes and closing the achievement gap among socioeconomic groups of students. Reading, math, retention, suspensions, expulsions, and graduation rates illustrates the academic discrepancies among the different socioeconomic statuses and different racial groups. They say that Howard believed adopting a multicultural education can help the teachers understand the skills to teach diverse learners. Culture and race impact the teaching and learning and measures the student’s achievement. Howard
The novel “Women Without class” by Julie Bettie, is a society in which the cultural you come from and the identity that was chosen for you defines who you are. How does cultural and identity illustrate who we are or will become? Julie Bettie demonstrates how class is based on color, ethnicity, gender and sexuality. The author describes this by researching her work on high school girls at a Central Valley high school. In Bettie’s novel she reveals different cliques that are associated within the group which are Las Chicas, Skaters, Hicks, Preps, and lastly Cholas and Cholos. The author also explains how race and ethnicity correspondence on how academically well these students do. I will be arguing how Julie Bettie connects her theories of inequality and culture capital to Pierre Bourdieu, Kimberle Crenshaw, Karl Marx and Engels but also how her research explains inequality among students based on cultural capital and identity.
In his essay “Land of Opportunity” James W. Loewen details the ignorance that most American students have towards class structure. He bemoans the fact that most textbooks completely ignore the issue of class, and when it does it is usually only mentions middle class in order to make the point that America is a “middle class country. This is particularly grievous to Loewen because he believes, “Social class is probably the single most important variable in society. From womb to tomb, it correlates with almost all other social characteristics of people that we can measure.” Loewen simply believes that social class usually determine the paths that a person will take in life. (Loewen 203)
Class is something that is often defined by ones income, job, and family background, the area in which they live or indeed the schools or universities they have chosen to attended. This criteria is used to label people as a certain class and is something that can be seen in education through the likes of theories such as cultural capital. In this essay I am going to compare and contrast differences between middle and working class experiences of education focusing on two main theories; Cultural capital and social reproduction. I am going to concentrate upon the primary sector in oppose to secondary or higher education due to the fact I believe that primary school is where most children develop their personalities which they carry with them in further life and it is their first academic experience; therefore it is where social class first becomes clearly noticeable. In relation to these theories I am going to research into the argument that parents have a strong influence on their child’s education from this young age.
After reading “Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black families and White Families,” by Annette Lareau, it was evident that she collected much data from her study of different types of families. In this study with the help of other sociologists, Lareau went into the lives of both black and white middle class and working class/ poor families. In her study she observed the behavior of children at home, school, and in the public eye. She observed the parenting methods the adults chose to use and the child’s reaction to them. Lareau and her team were able to see what influences certain factors such as income, race, family size, home location, schooling, and career choices had on each family and their children. The purpose of this study as well as the central argument is very well addressed by Lareau in the text and leads to many well supported conclusions.
America was once known as a land of opportunity and prosperity. Now we are seeing that upward mobility is increasingly rare in the US. In fact, many Northern and Western European nations provide greater opportunity than the US. Despite this, many Americans continue to believe that social class is determined by hard work. 69% of Americans in a survey agreed that people are rewarded for intelligence, skill, and effort (139). This is obviously not the case, or millions of Americans would not be in the situation they’re in today. For instance, Terry Neumann strived to find full time work, but she could not afford her house after years of part time jobs and her divorce. The Stanley’s were also very hardworking, but stayed in their class. After years of work from both Jackie and Claude, they still had to put Keith’s college tuition on a credit card. Both of the families illustrate the challenge of upward mobility and America’s declining prosperity.
Some parents perceive and attribute success to how they’ve turned out and who they’ve become. In some cases, this can subtly hint to the student to drop out of school and care for family and siblings, and in other cases, it can be of encouragement to become successful, and this usually occurs in traditional and/or financially unstable families. Such teachings do not entail academic success, they are demonstrated, incorporated and stressed upon in a student’s life, thus forming their framework, who they are, and how they perceive the world. Consequently, such traditions and parenting leads to more kids who drop out from school, some because they feel bad about not being there and want to support their families, and others because they want to become like their parents who are of course, in a way, their role models. Other parents promote education even if it is not how they were raised, this is because they realise that culture has evolved (acculturation) and that it’s best to allow their kids to achieve a degree that in the long term could sustain and maintain them. Student engagement is an essential component of academic resilience (Jeremy D. Finn and Donald A. Rock, 1997), but with cultural and family traditions that are taught and passed on, student engagement becomes mediocre, and hence academic success is not achieved. The book ‘Con Respeto, bridging the distance between culturally diverse families and schools’ (by Guadalupe Valdes, 1996), observed ten families who lived in a semi-rural area near the U.S-Mexican border, in which the adults were Mexican-born. Valdes learning about their work experiences, struggles to find housing, involvement in their children's education, their cultural values, and more. She found that the hig...
Pierre B (1961) Culture Capital Cited, Taylor P ; Richardson Jr John; Yeo, A, (1995), The class structure and educational attainment, Sociology in Focus, pp.297, Ormskirk, Causeway Press.
C. Wright Mills had a dream, and his dream was for everyone to understand his notion of “sociological imagination,” which he explained as: “neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both” (Mills 1959:1). A more contemporary sociologist, Annette Lareau, had similar ideas and led an extensive research comparing the influence of class and race when it came to children’s ability to succeed in school. Lareau (1995:351) concluded that “the largest differences between the families we observed were across social class, not racial groups. Combining the wisdom of Mills and Lareau, one can see a major cause of many economic and social inequalities in the United States: the working class is still