Iowa at the Center of a Multi-State Mumps Outbreak in 2006

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Recommended: Mumps disease influence history

Since 2001, there was an average of five mumps cases per year in Iowa and 265 cases nationally (Quinlisk et al 2006). However, there were 219 cases reported in Iowa from December 2005 through March 2006, and by October there was a total of 1,964 cases. Nationally, there were 6,584 cases by the end of the outbreak (Quinlisk et al 2006 and Dayan et al 2008). The outbreak spread to 45 states. Neighboring Midwestern states were the most affected. These states were Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Kansas, and Missouri (Dayan et al 2008). The outbreak was characterized by the high rate of affected college student population with 84% of cases between ages of 18-24 and 83% of those enrolled in college. Also, there was a high 2-dose Measles Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccination rate among those infected with 63% of total cases and 84% of cases between the ages of 18-24(Dayan et al 2008). Mumps is an acute viral infection that is transmitted through contact with salivary gland secretions and airborne, such as coughing and sneezing (Quinlisk et al 2006, Dayan et al 2008, Parker Fiebelkorn et al 2012, and IDPH 2012).

Case reporting occurs on three different levels of public health – local, state, and national. The 2006 mumps outbreak investigation began at the state level. The Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) led the investigation using a passive surveillance strategy (Quinlisk 2010).

Mumps is a reportable disease condition in the state of Iowa. Hospitals, clinics, and laboratories have three days to report a positive diagnosis of mumps (IDPH 2012). . A mumps case can be diagnosed either by a positive laboratory test or meet the clinical definition. The clinical case definition of mumps is “an illness with...

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...mps in the United States. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1580-9.

Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH). Mumps. Iowa Department of Public Health Epi Manual. 2014.

Partar Fiebelkorn, A., Barskey, A., Hickman, C., and Bellins, W. Mumps. Manual for Vaccine Preventable Diseases Fifth Edition. Chapter 9. 2012.

Quinlisk, P., and Dworkin, M. A Mumps Epidemic, Iowa, 2006. Cases in Field Epidemiology: A Global Perspective. Jones and Bartlet Learning. September 17, 2010

Quinlisk, P., Harris, M., Thornton, T., and Flanigan, L. Mumps Outbreak – Iowa 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 17, 2006. 55(13); 366-368.

Reef et al. Update: Multistate Outbreak of Mumps – United States, January 1 – October 7, 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 27, 2006 / 55(42);1152-1153

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