Purpose:
The primary purpose of this experiment was to find out what environmental factors if at all affect the rate of transpiration. Transpiration is the process in plants which water taken from the roots are evaporated at the leaves. For the water to be transported through the plant, surface tension, adhesion and cohesion are important as it holds the water together and attached to other surfaces.
If transpiration is affected by environmental factors, then increasing the wind and light/temperature will have a direct correlation of transpiration rate; furthermore, wind and light/heat combined will affect the rate larger than just one factor by itself.
Procedure: Set up apparatus as shown in the lab manual following protocol doing four
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All the groups fell in each other’s SD making each rate indistinguishable from each other not being able to determine one is higher than the other.
The control group was done to determine the evaporation rate without the influence of heat and wind. The transpiration rate for the control was -0.10547 ±0.021629 AU and this number is used to determine if the other experimental group had an influence on the transpiration rate.
The wind only group had a transpiration rate of -0.10235 ±0.019416 AU which overlaps the control SD showing no significant difference. Wind could have altered the evaporation rate as it brings airflow moving the produced H2O(g) molecules away from the leafs. Since diffusion rate depends on concentration, this can be a
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This was expected to have the highest rate due to having multiple factors but there was no significant difference.
Other factors that might be worth investigating might be: altitude/pressure, temperature, and humidity. If the pressure or altitude was changed, it might be easier or harder for the water molecules to evaporate. The temperature of the environment might be controlled to see not the effect of both light and heat but just heat itself. Humidity as mentioned earlier will affect the rate of diffusion as it is a concentration of water of the
These leaves will also have no threat of excessive transpiration because the temperature in the shaded area will be lower and the humidity probably higher. Transpiration is the removal (evaporation) of water from a plant through the stomata in the leaves; this water is removed in a cycle due to the active uptake from the roots. Transpiration involves osmosis; which is the diffusion of water from a high concentration to a lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane, until both the concentrations are equally saturated. All these factors i.e. transpiration and photosynthesis, come together to confirm my hypothesis. To support my hypothesis further, I did a pilot study in a meadow in which I studied the population of certain plant species in areas of
In this analysis the null hypothesis is that the variable are independent, in other words whether or not a person has gotten their flu shot is unrelated to which group they are in. The Alternate hypothesis is that whether or not a person has gotten their flu shot is related to which group they were placed in, the variables are not independent. The results of this analysis are that the chi-square value is 4.1620049, which is nonsignificant according to the table on page 416 of the text which shows that the level of significance for 2 degrees of freedom is 5.99. The p value of 0.1248 is also indicative of a nonsignificant result. Based on the results of this analysis and the resulting significance the keep the null hypothesis.
In “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop, the narrator attempts to understand the relationship between humans and nature and finds herself concluding that they are intertwined due to humans’ underlying need to take away from nature, whether through the act of poetic imagination or through the exploitation and contamination of nature. Bishop’s view of nature changes from one where it is an unknown, mysterious, and fearful presence that is antagonistic, to one that characterizes nature as being resilient when faced against harm and often victimized by people. Mary Oliver’s poem also titled “The Fish” offers a response to Bishop’s idea that people are harming nature, by providing another reason as to why people are harming nature, which is due to how people are unable to view nature as something that exists and goes beyond the purpose of serving human needs and offers a different interpretation of the relationship between man and nature. Oliver believes that nature serves as subsidence for humans, both physically and spiritually. Unlike Bishop who finds peace through understanding her role in nature’s plight and acceptance at the merging between the natural and human worlds, Oliver finds that through the literal act of consuming nature can she obtain a form of empowerment that allows her to become one with nature.
The experiment is aimed at giving a better understatement of osmosis process and the different conditions in which osmosis occurs.
In order to understand the content of this lab report, some major concepts must first be understood. It was once said that in short, geographers study “what is where, why, and so what”(Fairbanks and Sato). One concept that is needed to be known in order to understand the why aspect of this question is insolation. Insolation or incoming solar radiation is energy intercepted by a unit area on the Earth’s surface (Fairbanks and Sato). Insolation is a term needed to be understood in order to fully comprehend different patterns in climate. Second, within this lab report, potential evapotranspiration will be studied in order to help determine the water budget for each given city. Potential evapotranspiration is the amount of water that would be removed from the surface of a grid cell by evaporation and transpiration, if the amount of water already present in the...
The state of Florida defines secondary transition as “Secondary transition refers to the process a student with a disability goes through as they move from high school to whatever comes next, including postsecondary education, employment and independent living. “Secondary transition is the process that provides students with special education services for post-school living. The services are provided by the IEP team in partnership with the student and family during the ages of 14 through 21 and sometimes even younger. The areas of service that can be provided to the student include instruction (classes), community involvements opportunities, an employment and post-school adult living plan, and learning living skills and vocational skills when
The hypothesis for this experiment was, If three different types of waters (saltwater, fresh water, tap water) are tested, then the liquids won’t evaporate at the same rate and tap water will evaporate at the fastest rate because it won’t have any non-volatile substances to hold it back from evaporating.
The effect of water quality on Vegetative measurements and photosynthesis indices of the trees are presented in Table 1. No significant differences were found between parameters: gs, shoot number in both years, but others were higher in RW application. Height of trees and leaf area in first year was not significant but in second year it increased by 42 and 29% respectively in application RW. Photosynthesis rate appears significantly higher (23.4 µmol m−2 s−1) in plants receiving recycle water than clean water.
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
= My aim of this investigation was to check the affect of environmental factors affecting stomatal opening. My experiment was designed to check the stomata opening in light. Plants move in ways that may not seem obvious.
Sweating and Heat Loss Investigation Aim To find out whether heat is lost faster over a sweaty body compared to a dry body. Apparatus 2 Boiling tubes 47ml max 2 Measuring jug 50ml max A Beaker 250ml max 2 thermometers Paper towels A kettle to boil water A stopwatch 2 magnifying glasses (8x) 2 corks with a small hole through the centre A test tube rack Preliminary work In my preliminary work, I need to find out how much water to use, whether the tissue should be wet with hot/cold water, how often the readings should be taken, how accurate should the readings be, how many readings should be taken and what my starting temperature should be. My results are as follows. Starting temperature of 40°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c) 30 36 38.9 60 35 38.5 90 34 37.9 120 33.9 37.5 150 33 37 180 32.6 36.9 210 32.3 36.8 240 31 36.5 270 30.4 36 300 30.3 35.9 Starting temperature of 65°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c) 30 51.1 53 60 48.2 51.9 90 46.4 51 120 46 50 150 44.3 49 180 42.9 48.4 210 42.6 46.9 240 41.7 48 270 40.2 47.5 300 39.3 47 Starting temperature of 60°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c)
Plants also had to adapt on the surface in order to survive the climate change of moving onto land. The changes made to the surface of plants are most closely observed by their formation of a cuticular wax. This waxy cuticle is impermeable to water and acts as a method of controlling plant’s water intake. It can be made thinner or thicker depending on the plant’s needs and the environment at the time, changing in response to droughts or excessive amounts of rain.
Photosynthesis is highly sensitive to water stress. Plant photosynthesis decrease with reduction in relative water content and leaf water potential. Mechanism of photosynthesis involves various components such as photosynthetic pigments and photosystem, the electron transport
The rate of evaporation can increase if the gas pressure decreases around the liquid. Heat energy is used to break the bonds that hold water molecules together, that is why water easily evaporates at the boiling point but evaporates much slower at the freezing point. Net evaporation happens when the rate of evaporation surpasses the amount of condensation. Saturation occurs when these two process rates are equivalent when the humidity of the air is at one-hundred percent. On average, a fraction of the atoms in a glass of water has enough heat energy to escape from the liquid. Evaporation from the ocean is the primary device for supporting the surface-to-atmosphere part of the water cycle. Evaporation is the pathway where water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric vapor. Studies have shown that the major bodies of water are nearly ninety percent of the moisture in the atmosphere from the evaporation of the water, the ten percent left is contributed from plant transpiration. Evaporation can only occur when water is available. It also requires the humidity of the surrounding atmosphere to be less than the evaporating surface. At one-hundred percent relative humidity, there is no more evaporation. The wind chill effect is one of the
cause a greater amount of evaporation from lakes, rivers, and oceans. In some areas this could be