Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Basic principles of integrated curriculum
Advantages and Disadvantages of an integrated curriculum
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Basic principles of integrated curriculum
Integrated Curriculum can be referred to as cross-curricular, thematic, or blended integrated instruction. This process puts the teaching of cognitive skills such as reading, mathematics, science, and reading in the content of a real-world subject (Martin, Sexton, Frankling, Gerlovich & McElory, 2009). Therefore, this approach in its simplest form seeks to combine standards from different disciplines into one common unit. Teachers are given an opportunity to be creative with the course content as they explore ideas of integrated curriculum. As we examine integrated curriculum, we will discuss what research says regarding integrated instruction, determine how integrated instruction looks inside the classroom setting, determine possible challenges that may arise using integrated curriculum, and share a person reflection on the benefits of integrated curriculum based on the research presented. For many years educators have questioned the validity of integrated curriculum. Webster defined integrated as adding or mixing two things together, to mix, blend or combine. Correlates means to mutually relate, to interact, or show the reciprocal relationship between two things (Brewer 2002). Although some agree with this practice, others still have disbeliefs when it pertains to integrated curriculum inside the classroom setting. …show more content…
It was determined that this approach provided positive outcomes for students. Providing students with real-world problems and inquiry activities found to be very profound on the learners in this learning approach. After analyzing the information gathered, it seems that integrated curriculum could be a wonderful common practice within any school setting. However, the research also shared the many challenges that may arise while using this approach. It’s surely a tremendous responsibility to implement, but the research suggests that it could be very rewarding as
Vars, F. G. (2001). Can Curriculum Integration Survive in an Era of High-Stakes Testing?. Middle School Journal, 33 (2), 7-17. doi: 10.2307/23043475
Once practices such as mainstreaming and inclusion were set into place, pressure was on teachers to create a curriculum that would encompasses the various learning needs for all the students in their classroom. Teachers began to retro-fit the current curriculum in ways that would meet individual students’ needs (Udvari-Solner et al., 2002); not an easy task considering education is generally taught in a teacher-directed way, to the “average” student. This type of instruction is what stu...
The late 1980’s ushered in a period of change in the American educational context, with a major focus on integrating technology in P-12 classrooms (Dwyer, Ringstaff, & Sandholtz, 1990). Several authors credit this continued use to the belief that technology integration supports philosophies of instruction that perceive each student as a unique learner, thereby aiding in the transformation of teacher-centered classrooms into student-centered settings (Mowre-Popiel, Pollard, & Pollard, 1994; Bork, 1997).
Shoemaker, B. "Integrative Education: A Curriculum for the Twenty-First Century." Oregon School Study Council, 33/2 (1989).
Integration- to bring together (previously separated subjects) into one combined class or unit. An example of integration, is adding technology into a physical education lesson to form one unit.
The authors write about their views on standardized curriculum, and “through the use of narratives, [they have found] culturally relevant ways of applying curriculum to previous knowledge,” (p. 1). Baker and Digiovanni break down the issues that are being caused by the growing discharge of standardized curriculum such as the “decline of multicultural education,” (p. 1). This is one of the stronger points I will be including into my paper. They mention how standardized curriculum limits not only teachers, but more importantly, the students as well. With growing non-white populations, the authors discuss the harm that will continue to affect students, and end with solutions that include more than just awareness.
Wiles, J., & J. Bondi. (2007). Curriculum development: A guide to practice (7th ed.). Upper
Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2013). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues. Boston, MA: Pearson.
When teachers support their students they use instructional strategies to address all individual students within their classroom: SIM, Eight Stage Model, accountable talk, gloss, obtaining different or easier text, directed listening-thinking activity, textbook aids, adapting texts, KWLs, and much more (Lapp, Flood, & Farnan, 2008, pp. 95-110). Along with specific instructional strategies to engage students, teachers need to tie new knowledge to previous knowledge both in and out of school, with “...intellectually rich activities that require problem solving interaction and active participation, and to make a connection and investment in a given activity to increase learner longevity and productivity (Lapp, Flood, & Farnan, 2008, pp. 118-119). Connectivity comes with the use of instructional strategies that include: Think, Predict, Read, Connect; Group Mapping Activity; Vocabulary Self-Collection Strategy; and Inquiry Projects. Inquiry projects allow students to become hands on in their learning as seen with a school garden to understand plants and how gardens create healthy foods which can get used by a school for healthier eating during lunch time (Lapp, Flood, & Farnan, 2008, p. 126). Whether a specific instructional strategy or a hands on experience engaging a students no matter what strategy proves important for the success of a
Van Dusen, L. R. (1995). Can integrated instructional technology transform the classroom?. Educational Leadership, 53(2), 28. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Ornstein A. and Hunkins, F. Curriculum: foundations, principle and issues. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Chapter 8: curriculum design, 1998
I am a first grade Dual Language Spanish teacher in an urban district in the state of Connecticut. I teach Language Arts, Math, Science and Social Studies to my 24 homeroom students, 11 boys and 13 girls. My students are instructed in Spanish, but as they become more proficient in this language, they begin formal instruction in English. This helps them make the connection between the languages and develop their English skills. I also teach Spanish as a second language to 24 students that are in my Dual Language English partner’s classroom. In my homeroom 18 kids are English Language Learners and 6 students with special needs. My students are eager to learn and are proud of their heritage. They love learning two languages and love been able
Integrated lessons have the added benefit of saving the schools time and money by needing only one teacher to educate students in multiple content areas at the same time. Social studies lessons in many areas are marginalized due to lack of time to teach lessons, and the general attitude that social studies should take a backseat to other, more important subjects, leaving teachers with little time for comprehensive social studies lessons (VanFossen, 2005). Despite the fact that integrated lessons allow students to develop reading, writing, and comprehension skills, the actual social studies lessons can get lost when the focus of a lesson shifts more towards the ELA side of things. When planning curriculum using integrated teaching it is sometimes easy to forget that fiction and historical fact do not always line up. It will be of the utmost importance that teachers understand the difference between historical fiction and facts. Some books may provide students with the opportunity to be exposed to new information, new cultures, or new ways of thinking. These books can be hugely beneficial for students when they help students connect with social or political issues that they are currently dealing with in their own communities (Meléndez, 2015). On the topic of teacher expertise, teacher-planned social studies lessons can be some of the most creative and engaging lessons that
As part of being an educator, helping all student achieve their full potential with their education, and to able to continue to be challenged academically. The school environment becomes student’s community where they learn how to make friends and to learn who they are as individuals. For children school is a social setting where they make their own choices, but unfortunately not all student receive the same social experience. Students with learning disabilities in some school are isolated from students their own age, take classes that are developed to meet the educational need. Their has been a shift in some school district, and instead of isolating students with learning disabilities they are integrated classroom. Integrated classroom are
Research shows that the cognitive development of students occurs in a transition of stages. Cognitive development theories generally are based on the work of Jean Piaget and examine how students think and process information (Yordy, 2008). Cognitive development theory is the basis of curriculum that encourages development and allows students to succeed in learning. Curriculum exists for students and it is concerned with both content and process. It is characterized by a balance of knowledge, skills and attitudes which is organized in a logical and sequential manner. It must encourage critical thinking and provide the student with opportunities to develop the ability to make reasoned judgments (Alberta Teacher’s Association, 2016). An understanding of cognitive development demands that materials be presented at appropriate levels of difficulty, in appropriate manners, and in appropriate orders to encourage the students’ development without overwhelming or underwhelming the students (Yordy, 2008).