Grouting is a very common method of sealing rock and repairing concrete structures (Turkmen, 2003; Butron et al., 2010; Hoien and Nilsen, 2013; Lim et al., 2013; Bras et al., 2013), and there are many examples of its application to the engineering of dam foundation improvement (Yang, 2004; Rafi, 2010; Saeidi et al., 2013). To determine a need for grouting is a major concern in dam foundation treatment. A useful model for prediction of treatment limit fulfills two criteria. The model must be able to predict low water (WPT) both low grout take (CT). Our approach is to use the degree of the water-bearing structures of the rock fracture, which affects both permeability and groutability of crack for a produce zonation map of the dam foundation.
The objective of the grouting in dam foundation is mainly to reduce the hydraulic conductivity. Water-loss through a grout curtain normally will be acceptably low when the hydraulic conductivity is <10-6 m/s. This corresponds to an effective value of <10 LU (the Lugeon unit is defined as 1 l/min and meter borehole and 1 MPa excess water pressure), which is the unit for hydraulic conductivity commonly used in dam engineering, based on water pressure tests (WPTs) (Stille et al ., 2012). Houlsby (1990) recommends that if internal erosion (piping) of foundation material needs to be prevented, the hydraulic conductivity should correspond to a Lugeon value < 3 LU. The maximum acceptable value depends on the actual geometric pathway properties and the porosity of the rock foundation (Stille et al., 2012).
On the other hand, the connection between grout and permeability consumption is expected, but the form and the strength of this relationship is still debated (Nonveiller, 1989). Lombardi (1985) denies flow characteristics of water and injected cements. By classify the water-loss and grout consumption into low and high categories, Heitfeld (1965) showed that all possible combinations of water-loss and grout consumption were found in the applications. Similar results were obtained by Ewert (1981). The relationship between the water pressure test (WPT) and the cement takes (CT) enable assessment of groutability (Ewert, 1985):
(I): Rock masses yielding low water (WPT) and cement takes (CT) are practically tight and need no treatment:
(II): Rock masses absorbing both much water (WPT) and much cement take (CT) are permeable; they are groutable and need to be grouted.
(III): Rock masses absorbing much water (WPT) but little cement takes (CT) have numerous but very thin paths; their groutability is poor.
The site visited on this day was informally known as the Bedrock Knob (NTS grid reference: 120 342). It is in an area where patches of limestone and exposed bedrock are common. The bedrock is part of the Preca...
water is kept in by a rock ridge on the floor of the corrie called a
This rock type could prove dangerous, being soft and with little solidness in its structure. Therefore placing the protection over the rock cliffs was a very well thought and planned engineering
elements in some parts of the water in the rain-slicked paving stones and the figures as they are
The Oroville dam is a rock fill embankment dam, which means, a water barrier that is made with certain materials so that it isn’t prone to erosion or deterioration. Because the material is so heavy due to the need for a secure dam, , it creates a much stronger barrier and base to its foundation. A study was done to see if a rock fill dam is the most stable type of dam to hold the amount of water it is expected to. The study tested different types of dams stability compared to the stability of a rock fill, and ultimately found that the rock fill is completely acceptable and safe (Lei). The Feather River is the only river to feed into the dam, filling it to its total capacity of 3,507,977 acre/ft.
From the top of the rock you can see gnamma pits. These are areas where the rock has weathered, leaving pits in the tock that soil builds into and plants hold it in
are not only confident in their ability to deliver beautiful results, but they also take pride in only using the highest quality products such as the Stainmaster brand. When Mrs. Wellington’s husband came home from a trip, the couple was amazed at the work performed by Sir Grout. Top brands like Stainmaster offered the homeowners the greatest advantages including the process of ensuring the longevity of their grout because the product is stain resistant and waterproof. It also makes it easier for homeowners to maintain and clean their grout, and the product comes in a variety of colors so it can be used to match almost any grout color. Sir Grout’s professional re-grouting service also impressed Mr. and Mrs. Wellington when their shower appeared brand new as the day the tiles were first installed. The tiles and grout were resealed, and the caulking was done correctly. By not remodeling the bathroom, the option of re-grouting saved the couple thousands of
Pumping and tracer tests are known as valuable tests to measure aquifer parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter to demonstrate the main characteristics of aquifer especially in heterogeneous karst terrain. In this research, results of pumping and tracer tests are analyzed to determine the hydraulic conductivity as the main characteristic of the karst terrain at the Salman Farsi Dam Site. Diagnostic plot technique is applied to facilitate the identification of an appropriate groundwater flow conceptual model and, interpretation of the pumping test. Pumping test data are analyzed by the analytical models of Moench (1984) and Barker (1988). The tracer tests are analyzed by the assumption of Darcy’s law, according to Reynolds number in groundwater flow. The results revealed that geometric mean of the hydraulic conductivity, which was driven based on the tracer tests, is higher than the results obtained based on the pumping test. Movement of injected dye in a groundwater natural flow system is
Tile flooring is ideal for kitchens and bathrooms since it tolerates water. The floors are even attractive enough to use in the living room and other rooms of your home. While the tiles are usually easy to mop and sweep clean, the grout is a different story. Grout is more porous, so it stains more easily. Plus, it is in grooves so dirt and grime is more difficult to remove. This leads to grout becoming discolored and ugly over the years. The easy way to keep your grout clean is to hire a professional grout cleaning service. Here's why.
Also known as Low Mobility Grouting is a technique that improve the strength and stiffness of the soil by injecting low slump, low mobility aggregate grout into it. Since the grout can be injected in the side or at an inclined angle leading to beneath the building, the method can be used whenever the foundation of an existing building needs improvement. This technique can densify loose sands for liquefaction
The location of where the rocks are located is one of the main reasons
I was intimidated. Actually, let me be honest, I feared a thrashing at the hands of the River God. Trembling muscles warned me to just shoulder my boat and walk. I couldn't. I traveled all the way from Pennsylvania to run these rivers, how could I back out now? I had to run Sunshine Falls...the largest rapid on the Royal Gorge section of the Arkansas River. When would I make it back to Colorado to run this river? I considered the the portage again; it's an impressive drop with no shame in walking. But what if they dam the Arkansas?
Gwalior is enclosed by industrial and commercial zones of nearby districts (Malanpur in Bhind, Banmor in Morena). It is located at 26.22oN and 78.18oE. It has a sub-tropical climate. Tigra dam is constructed on the Upstream of the Saank River near Gwalior districts. The water of Tigra dam is used for drinking water supply to Gwalior city. Total catchment area of the Tigra dam is 414.24 Sq. Km. River water passed through the many small’s villages and finally joins the Pilua dam constructed at the second end of the river near Morena district. It is a composite dam (Masonry and Earthen) and the catchment area of this dam is 544.30 Sq. Km. Most of the industry are located in Banmor near Nurabad village. The residents of Nurabad village use the river water for their day to day work without any treatment hence this site is selected for dissertation work. The brief details of sampling site are presented in the Table 1.1 and Figure 1.1 gives the location map of the study
Coil, D., McKittrick, E., and Higman, B. (2010, December 16). Acid Mine Drainage. Ground Truth Trekking. Retrieved February 12, 2011, from http://www.groundtruthtrekking.org/Issues/MetalsMining/AcidMineDrainage.html
Waltham, Tony. "Sinking cities." Geology Today 18.3 (2002): 95+. Academic OneFile. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.