Free Cement Essays and Papers

worldwide consumption of cement in 2012 is 3736 Mt which has grown from 3585 Mt in 2011 and 3312 Mt in 2010. China is largest consumer of cement, having a demand of 2160 Mt by 2012 making it 58 percent of the total consumption. India is the second largest consumer of cement with a demand of 238.977 Mt till 2012, consuming 6.4% of total consumption. In India is also the second largest producer to cement, producing 6.6% of the total cement produced in the world. The total cement production of the world

works. 2.2.1.6 Hydrophobic Cement Hydrophobic cement is manufactured by adding water repellant chemicals to ordinary Portland cement in the process of grinding. Hence the cement stored does not spoiled even during monsoon. This cement is claimed to remain unaffected when transported during rains also. Hydrophobic cement is mainly used for the construction of water structures such dams, water tanks, spillways, water retaining structures etc. 2.2.1.7 Colored Cement This Cement is produced by adding 5-

Cement is a finely ground powder binder, a material that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together, when mixed with water it forms a hardening paste of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminates hydrates. it evokes highly diverse reactions. Cement is used in mortar (a combination of sand and roughly burnt gypsum) and concrete (bulk rock-like building material made from aggregate, sand, and water). By modifying the raw material mix and the temperatures utilized in manufacturing

material is cement. Cement is a finely ground powder binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together, when mixed with water forms a hardening paste of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminates hydrates. Cement is used in mortar and concrete (bulk rock-like building material made from aggregate, sand, and water). By modifying the raw material mix and the temperatures utilized in manufacturing, compositional variations can be achieved to produce cements with different

PORTLAND CEMENT Chemical composition. Portland Cement is made up of four main compounds: tricalcium silicate (3CaOSiO2), dicalcium silicate (2CaOSiO2), tricalcium aluminate (3CaOAl2O3), and a tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (4CaO Al2O3Fe2O3). In an abbreviated notation differing from the normal atomic symbols, these compounds are designated as C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, where C stands for calcium oxide (lime), S for silica, A for alumina, and F for iron oxide. Small amounts of uncombined lime and magnesia

together with lime to produce hydraulic cements, whereas today natural or artificial pozzolans are usually used together with portland cement. The hydration of the calcium silicate compounds, C3S (or alite) and C2S (or belite), in portland cement produces abundant calcium hydroxide through the reactions represented by following equations (see Table.1 for cement chemistry nomenclature). 2C3S + 11H → C3S2H8 + 3CH 2C2S + 9H → C3S2H8 + CH Table 1. Cement Chemistry Nomenclature Abbreviation Formula

MATERIALS 3.1.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement available in local market of standard brand was used in the investigation. Care has been taken to see that the procurement made from a single batch and is stored in airtight containers to prevent it is being affected by atmospheric, monsoon moisture and humidity. The Cement is tested for its various proportions as per IS 4031-1988. The specific gravity was 3.10 and fineness was 3200 m2/Kg. The details are given in Table 4.1.1. The cement confirms to 53

aggregate together is typically cement. For reasons of simplicity this paper will be mostly talking about pervious concrete made of Portland cement as it is the most common cement used in the world. Portland cement is made of around two-thirds calcium silicates with the remainder being mad... ... middle of paper ... ...ncreases compressive strength decreases and percolation rate increases. There are ways to increase compressive strength like, increasing water to cement ratio, using a geopolymer as

require the use of cement in some process. Below is a description of the environmental impacts due to manufacture and use of cement and methods of reducing these impacts. Environmental impact due to the production o... ... middle of paper ... ... and Jesuits in Communication www.ecojesuit.com/looking-at-the-global-and-local-again/1206/ (Accessed April 14, 2014) • Errol van Amsterdam (2003), Construction Materials for Civil Engineering. • Lafarge. The production of extended cements and the impact

required quantity of water. Cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together. Cements correspond to certain cements of the pre Portland era, produced by burning argillaceous limestone’s at moderate temperatures. The top three producers were China with 1,800, India with 220 and USA with 63.5 million tons for a combined total of over half the world total by the world's three most populated states. while annual growth rates eased to 8.3%.Cement manufacture causes environmental

In the most general sense of the word, a concrete is a substance that solidifies to act as glue. Romans were the first to use “modern cement “for purposes of masonry made of crushed stone with vivid lime as binder. They named this substance “caementicium opus “which was later referred to as cement, cimentim , cäment and cement. Cement is mainly used in construction. It is a gray powdery substance burnt lime and clay, mixed with water and sand to make mortar (a paste used to bind the building blocks

1.8 Cement& Cement Replacement Materials A comprehensive review on cement (OPC) and cement replacement materials like fly ash and silica fume, which are being used for developing SCC are discussed in following paragraphs; 1.8.1 Cement Cement, in broader sense can be defined as the material having cohesive and adhesive characteristics which is capable of bonding the minerals parts into confined mass. This characterization covers large verity of cementing materials. Cement is combination of powder

VAN OSS, H. & PADOVANI, A. C. (2002). Cement manufacture and the environment. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 6, 89-106. Wathern, P. (2013). Environmental impact assessment: theory and practice. Routledge. WORRELL, E., PRICE, L., MARTIN, N., HENDRIKS, C., & MEIDA, L. O. (2001). Carbon dioxide emissions from the global cement industry 1. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 26(1), 303-329. ZELEKE, Z. K., MOEN, B. E., & BRÅTVEIT, M. (2010). Cement dust exposure and acute lung function: A

ANALYSIS OF YANBU CEMENT COMPANY AND IS PRODUCT Name Institution History of YANBU Cement Company YANBU Cement Company is a joint stock Saudi company formed in the year 1977. It produces different kinds of cement such as the Portland cement and the Portland Pozzolan Cement. The company owns about 60% of Yanbu Saudi Kuwait for Paper Products Co. Limited. The company currently has a capacity of 22,500 tpd per day. The company sells most of its products in Makka and Madina and other

Ordinary Portland cement (C 53 grade) conforming to the requirements of IS 12269 (ASTM C 150-85A) was used in the study. Natural river sand was used as fine aggregate and crushed angular granite stone was used as coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregate with combined grading of 50% passing through 20mm sieve and retained on 12.5mm and 50% passing through 12.5mm and retained on 4.75mm sieve conforming to IRC 44 was adopted. The bulk specific gravities of the coarse aggregate and fine aggregate were 2

This concrete contains one or more of cementious materials such as fly ash, Silica fume or ground granulated blast furnace slag and usually a super plasticizer It comprises of the same materials as that of the conventional cement concrete. The Conventional Portland Cement Concrete Problems • Durability in severe environs (shorter service life and frequent maintenance) • Time of construction (slower gain of strength) • Energy absorption capacity (for earthquake resistant

Urban Alienation in Ian McEwan's The Cement Garden It was not at all clear to me now why we had put her in the trunk in the first place. At the time it had been obvious, to keep the family together. Was that a good reason? It might have been more interesting to be apart. Nor could I think whether what we had done was an ordinary thing to do In this essay I shall be examining the socio-cultural context of The Cement Garden by Ian McEwan (1948 - ). Once placed within context, an examination of

Pueblo Community Against Building Cement Plant Pueblo citizens are facing a battle. It's a battle between common citizens and those who are in favor of economic development to decide on whether a cement plant will call Pueblo its new home. It¡¦s a battle to join together in order to educate those individuals in charge about how building a cement plant would cause more harm than create jobs. It¡¦s a battle between the average citizen, concerned about their health and the environment, and the

alkali cement is normally required to protect against disruptive Expansion of concrete which occurs generally due to alkali-aggregate reaction.(a chemical reaction between alkali’s in the cement and reactive aggregates.Another means of of controlling alkali-aggregate reactions is by the use of suitable fly ash or natural pozzolan.If a highly reactive aggregate have to be used then it is necessary to use a low alkali cement and a pozzolan. Another design recommendation is the type of the cement to be

become a successful author and educator (“Helen Keller.”) The novels The Cement Garden by Ian McEwan and Life of Pi by Yann Martel both display the challenges in which the main characters’ resilience and determination to surpass their difficulties are tested. In The Cement Garden, Jack, the narrator of the book, explains how he and his three siblings are pushed to hide their beloved mother who is deceased underneath cement at their home. Hiding their mother must be done to prevent the town from knowing