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The cause and effect of procrastination
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As a whole, people seek excellence and strive to be the absolute best. But procrastination, vices and the lack of willpower often hinder set goals impossible. To further reinstate, there are distractions everywhere which further diminish motivation such as new revolutionary technologies, laziness and the mixed perceptions of vice, virtue and time of the conscious mind. Therefore, it is imperative and of great necessity to utilize the effects of self-discipline, self-control and willpower to their fullest potential in order to end procrastination and amplify motivation.
In today’s modern world, motivation is often perceived to be a mere reward and punishment system. It is believed that people become motivated if a rewarding prize is expected or a cruel punishment is threatened against them. In other words, people affirm that motivation is acquired to its fullest when an extrinsic reward, such as money or an indulgence, is given at the end of a task or when anguish is threatened at the beginning of a task. But on the other hand, according to Daniel Pink, author of Drive, the complete opposite is true. By all means, rewards and punishments are veritably decreasing motivation instead of increasing it. Thus, the ancient method of motivational ambition, known as carrots and sticks, is steadily displacing from its designated purpose. However, although a reward does spark an amount of motivation within the individual at first, over time he will no longer be motivated knowing the promised reward after completing the given endeavor. In fact, the individual may feel compelled to disregard the task altogether. Daniel Pink for example states, after centuries of the continuous usage of the ancient reward motivation system that, “... the existi...
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Pink, Daniel H. Drive: The Surprising Truth about What Motivates Us. New York, NY: Riverhead, 2009. Print.
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American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
In the book Drive by Daniel H. Pink his argument is how motivation 3.0 differs from motivation 2.0 and how there is type I behavior as well as type X behavior. Type I behavior was people with intrinsic motivation who did not look for rewards to complete their tasks or assignments. Type X behavior was people with extrinsic motivation who need a reward to complete what they are asked. Motivation 2.0 was an operating system that used the method of “carrots and sticks” to either promote good behavior or greater progress in businesses. Through this method people were offered a reward for completing their task or a punishment if they failed to complete it. At the beginning it worked well, but then our economy started changing
Procrastination in terms of weakness of will has only been recently discussed in philosophical discourse. According to Richard Holton, weakness of will or the lack of willpower is defined as acting against one’s values or when one is too easily able to reconsider their intentions. Procrastination, by definition, is the act of avoiding completing tasks often until rearing that deadline. Procrastination has commonly been viewed as irrational and has held a negative connotation, partly due to being considered a willful act by an individual. Procrastination, like other aspects that resemble a lack of willpower, is naturally attached to the concept of weakness of will by not only laymen, but also theorists and philosophers. Only recently has procrastination
"Facts & Statistics | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA." Facts & Statistics | Anxiety and Depression Association of America, ADAA. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. .
There have been countless times in my life where I have struggled to stay focused on a task ahead of me. I always plan out my work time ahead in order for me to complete a task, but every time I find that I have to revise my plan every day closer to the deadline. The little work that I should have done each day turns into a tremendous amount of work before the due date. Occupying myself with other things that keep me entertained, only brings me a lot of distress at the end. As I continue to torture myself , this bad habit of mine continous to dwell inside of me. One could say that there may be many implied meanings to this concept, but nevertheless, this force that messes with me everyday is considered to be procrastination.
This piece of writing gave more and deeper understanding how other facts have effects on our life as procrastinators. In this research, I came to very important information. This new idea I never imagined that was connected to my behavior as a procrastinator which was "Procrastination is a psychological phenomenon that extends broadly in society. Ferrari, O’Callahan, and Newbegin (2005) reported that 61% of the population display some form of procrastination, of which 20% do so in a chronic manner (e.g., routinely late for deadlines and postponing impor-tant tasks daily or weekly)" (Mun ̃oz-Olano, J. F., & Hurtado-Parrado, C. 2). As I mentioned before procrastination is not the same as laziness. Procrastination has to be with our psychological
The author believes that goals and desires require an individual to be motivated to move from one state of being to the next. This motivation encompasses the emotional, cognitive, social, and biological drives that trigger behavior (Maslow, 1943). Accordingly, the word motivation befalls the frequently used description of why an individual achieves a goal, and the term motivation originates from the Latin root movere, which means “to move.” Therefore, motivation stands as the state that “moves” an individual to act in a particular way. For instance, when one is lying on the beach on a warm summer day and begins to feel hot, the physical need to cool down might cause one to stand up, go to the water for a dip. If the heat remains too over-bearing,
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail the primary drives for physical needs (water and food) and the acquired drives learned through experience or conditioning (need for money or social approval); whereas, one must meet the need to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom (Teigen, 1994). (4) Incentive
“Motivation is the process whereby goal-orientated activity is instigated and sustained” (Schunk, Pintrich & Meece, 2008. As cited in Eggen & Kauchak, 2010, p.284). Motivation comes in many forms and can be divided into two broad categories - extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivators are external factors which can motivate a student; rewards are an example of this. An issue with extrinsic motivators is that the desire for the learner to participate often lessens, once the rewards are withdrawn (McCullers, 1987). On the other hand intrinsic motivation comes from within - learning for the joy of it - where the desire to learn leads to a higher level of knowledge, and is a reward in itself. Kohn (1996, p.285) states that research suggests, “Rewards actually decrease interest in intrinsically motivating tasks, therefore sending the wrong message about learning” (as cited in Eggen & Kauchak, 2010a)
The Greek poet, Hesiod, once said not to “put your work off till tomorrow and the day after (Jaffe, 2013).” According to the Cambridge dictionary, procrastination is the putting off of something important. When one first sees Hesiod’s quote, it sounds as if it is just one of those phrases that have been repeated so much that it has lost virtually all meaning. Hesiod’s quote reveals that procrastination has been around for a really long time, and since early times, people have tried to warn against it. De Paul professor, Joseph Ferrari discovered that up to 20% of people are chronic procrastinators(Jaffe,2013). That is not including the rest of the population that fall between occasional procrastinator and the procrastinator that does it just to see what they can get away with. There are many causes that can lead to procrastination, which is a hint as to why it is such a big issue. The result of those causes is procrastination, which is not without consequence. Procrastination can lead to a decline in one’s mental and physical health, mental stability, and emotional well-being. However, along with those negative effects, there are ways to combat procrastination.
“Leave nothing for tomorrow which can be done today;” Abraham Lincoln, our nation’s 13th President, spoke about procrastinating over a century and a half ago. Did he foreshadow the new procrastination problem infecting our youth today? Maybe, but it’s become an epidemic, spreading across the nation like wildfire. Nevertheless, there’s a difference between those who procrastinate and those who are procrastinators. A non-procrastinator and a procrastinator both have to-do lists with 12 tasks to accomplish; the non-procrastinator finishes tasks one through nine and leaves the rest for another day, but the procrastinator tends to do one or two things before reorganizing the list and procrastinating on the rest (Jaffe). One can argue that procrastinators have symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder causing their lack in concentration, but many teens feel as if they don’t have enough time to finish everything they need to do. Procrastination is not a mental disorder; teenagers simply delay harder projects to do easier assignments, fear being rejected by their peers, and hope for a last minute sense of urgency that will propel them to do better on their endeavors.
Ferrari, J. R. (2010). Still procrastinating: the no-regrets guide to getting it done. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
American psychotherapist, author and lecture Wayne Dyer once said, “Procrastination is one of the most common and deadliest of diseases and its toll on success and happiness is heavy.” When one procrastinates, they put things off to be done last minute, which then leads to stress, unhappiness and failure. As a college student Procrastination hinders my academic caree6r. Students procrastinate because they get distracted, overwhelmed by the task or just lazy, however students can overcome procrastination by developing a schedule, carefully planning academic task and improving time management. My personal experinces, O'Reilly, Sally’s article, and Edwin C. Bliss’s book will validate my panaceas to procrastination.
Have you ever started working on an essay or research paper and instead finding yourself looking at YouTube videos on how to tie your shoes with no hands? Well, you’re procrastinating. We’ve all been victims of this temptation to put off stuff until the last minute. Believe it or not, procrastination has become a serious problem over the years, not only in teens but kids and adults as well. Ideally there are three basic types of procrastination, there are the arousal types, the avoiders, and the decisional procrastinators (Marano). We will be looking at how these three different types of people use procrastination to their advantage and how it affects their social abilities, mental state, and physical health.
Learning the real importance of understanding the different types of motivation is in our ability to determine which type of motivation is most inspiring and effective to purse the desired behaviour in ourselves or others.