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Impact of domestic violence on family and family life
The effects of intimate partner violence
Intimate partner violence essay introduction
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It is estimated that nearly 8.7 million women worldwide are abused by a former or current intimate partner every year (Day, Chung, O’Leary, & Carson, 2009). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as psychological, sexual, or physical harm from a current or former spouse or partner; this can include threats, coercion, and stalking (Black et al., 2011). It is estimated that 39 million women, about 1 in every 4, in the United States has been severely physically harmed by an intimate partner (Black et al., 2011).
Intimate partner violence is significant to the field of victim studies because it involves someone in a relationship being abused physically, emotional, or sexually, therefore someone in the relationship is a victim and needs help getting out of or fixing the situation. It is an epidemic that needs to be taken care of. “The need for effective offender treatment programs is imperative for the overall well being of victims of IPV and the community as a whole” (Herman, Rotunda, Williamson, & Vodanovich, 2014, p. 2). The Duluth Model is a program that reduces men’s violence against their intimate partner. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the Duluth Model effectively does what is it intended to do.
The Duluth Model is a feminist, cognitive-behavioral approach to educating men on how to lead a non-violent life and relationship (Gondolf, 2007); Ellen Pence and Michael Paymar were the main contributors (Mills, 2008). The Duluth Model is comprised of the Power and Control Wheel, video vignettes, control logs, and the Equality Wheel. Each of these will be discussed in greater detail later in the paper.
In Duluth, Minnesota, after a brutal domestic homic...
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... probation or a control group, which included only probation. Both the experimental and control group had a recidivism rate of 24% one year after probation and the beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of the offenders did not seem to change (Feder & Dugan, 2002). The results of this experiment indicated that there was no significant difference between men participating in the Duluth Model compared to the offenders who just did probation. An issue in the experiment was that only 29% of the men assigned to go to the intervention programs actually attended, so the researchers separated the results of the offenders who attended from the offenders who did not attend the entire program (Feder & Dugan, 2002). These results indicated that the men willing to attend were less likely to reoffend compared to the men who did not wish to attend the program (Feder & Dugan, 2002).
Although domestic violence is a significant societal problem, which continues to receive public and private sector attention, intervention and treatment programs have proven inconsistent in their success. Statistics by various organization show that many offenders continue to abuse their victims. Approximately 32% of battered women are victimized again, 47% of men who abuse their wives do so at least three times per year (MCFBW). There are many varying fact...
Domestic violence can often go unnoticed, unreported and undeterred before it’s too late. Unfortunately, recent awareness efforts have gathered traction only when public outcry for high profile cases are magnified through the media. Despite this post-measured reality, a general response to domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) by the majority of the public is in line with what most consider unacceptable and also with what the law considers legally wrong. Consider by many, more than just a social discrepancy, the Center of Diseases Control and Prevention currently classifies IPV and DV as a social health problem (CDC, 2014).
The most notable discovery or key concept behind intimate partner violence with women as victims, would be that the overall rates have seen a general decrease. As found in the National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide report, "Spousal homicide rates for both women and men have declined between 1974 and 2000" (Bunge, 2002). Many of the authors discussed present different perspecti...
Pearson, F. S., Lipton, D. S., Clel & Yee, D. S. (2002). The effects of behavioral/cognitive-behavioral programs on recidivism. Crime & delinquency, 48 (3), pp. 476--496.
Domestic Violence is a widely recognized issue here in the United States. Though many people are familiar with domestic violence, there are still many facts that people do not understand. Abuse is not just physical, it is mental, emotional, verbal, sexual and financial. Many victims of physical abuse are also fall victim to these abuse tactics as well. An abusive partner often uses verbal, mental, emotional, and financial abuse to break their partner so to speak. It is through this type of abuse the victim often feels as though they are not adequately meeting their partner’s needs.
In Duluth, Minnesota, after a brutal domestic homicide in 1980, the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project discovered a community prepared to experiment with new practices to tackle the problem of men's violence toward their intimate partners (Pence & Paymar, 1993). The Domestic Abuse Intervention Project spent months going to different educational groups for women and asked them what was going on in their abusive relationships and what types of things they would want their partner to change. From those discussions with the women, the DAIP created the Power and Control Wheel in 1984 (Pence & Aravena, 2010; What is the Duluth Model, 2011).
Kennedy, Bernice R. Domestic Violence: A.k.a. Intimate Partner Violence (ipv). New York: iUniverse, 2013. Print.
Intimate partner violence is still a common issue that affects women from all walks of life. It is an issue that is too often ignored until the violence has become deadly. In the book “Women: Images and Realities a Multicultural Anthology,” chapter seven entitled “Violence Against Women” includes pieces that cover the issue of intimate partner violence. In Michele McKeon’s piece “Understanding Intimate Partner Violence” she states that “In 1994 the Violence Against Women Act was passed, revolutionizing programs, services, and funding for individuals affected by intimate partner violence and their families” (McKeon 497). Yet the revolutionized programs, which McKeon speaks of, haven’t changed the fact that the violence continues and in my opinion, it is not enough to just deal with the aftermath of the violence, the prevention of intimate partner violence is something that society needs to address. In addition, McKeon also states “The Center for Disease Control and Prevention found that 1,181 women were murdered by their intimate partners in 2005; two million women experience injurie...
Smith, P. H., Thornton, G. E., DeVellis, R., Earp, J., & Coker, A. L. (2002). A population-based study of the prevalence and distinctiveness of battering, physical assault, and sexual assault in intimate relationships. Violence Against Women, 8, 1208-1232.
Clark, P. M. (2011). Interventions for domestic violence: Cognitive behavioral therapy. Corrections Today, Vol. 73 (1), pp. 62-64. Retrieved from http://crimesolutions.gov/PracticeDetails.aspx?ID+16
The Duluth model, developed in 1981, became the first multi-disciplinary, community wide program designed to fully explain domestic violence. Its primary aim is to reduce interpersonal violence against women and it is now the most widely used model worldwide. The Model uses the “Power and Control Wheel” to help men understand there abusive behaviour and to convince men to use nonviolent behaviour outlined in the “Equality” wheel. It holds abusive men fully accountable for their violence and provides safety for victims of violence. However, many men who have perpetrated feel no sense of power and control in their lives (Dutton & Starzomski, 1994). The Duluth model deems interpersonal violence as a wilful exertion of male dominance over women to conform to the norms of society. In this view, the model does not assume that dom...
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is historically referred to as domestic violence. It describes a pattern of coercive and assaultive behavior that may include psychological abuse, progressive isolation, sexual assault, physical injury, stalking, intimidation, deprivation, and reproductive coercion among partners (The Family Violence Prevention Fund (FVPF), 1999). IPV leads to lifelong consequences such as lasting physical impairment, emotional trauma, chronic health problems, and even death. It is an issue affecting individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. Eighty-five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2003).
Introduction to Intimate Partner Violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a tremendously serious social and public health problem. Progression of intimate partner violence can lead to morbidity or mortality and affect various types of relationships. An intimate partner is one that is described by frequent contact, identifying as a couple, emotional bonding, and regular physical and/or sexual contact. A few examples of intimate partners include dating partners, spouses, girlfriends or boyfriends, and sexual partners. Violence within these intimate relationships can be psychological, physical, or sexual and present in heterosexual relationships, homosexual relationships, and to disabled partners in relationships.
Such an assumption does not refute that some criminals make their own personal choices to break the law but rather it argues that these personal choices are usually caused by certain factors which contribute to criminal behavior. Rehabilitation programs are therefore based on such perspectives where the various correctional programs are designed to deal with criminal enforcing behavior. For example counseling programs could focus on the behavior that led to the criminal offender committing the offense while educational programs could focus on how to change negative behavior to positive behavior. Correctional programs in prison facilities are therefore important in reducing the recurrence of criminal behavior as well as reducing recidivism among probationers and parolees (Barkan & Bryjak, 2009).
McHugh, M. C., & Frieze, I. H. (2006). Intimate partner violence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 121–141. doi: 10.1196/annals.1385.011