This article explains how to classify stalkers based on their relationship with the victim. The text goes into detail about three different typologies of stalking that are the most well -known. The RECON typology and Zona’s Stalker-Victim types are the most similar. They focus on stalkers who had a previous relationship with the victim, which is the largest of the groups, celebrity stalkers, and stalkers who are acquaintances or have no relationship with the victim. Mullen’s stalker typology focuses more so on why the stalkers exhibit this behavior, assuming the stalkers and victims had a previous interaction. They explain stalkers motivated by rejection, that are pursuing an intimate relationship, who believe they are entitled to a relationship with …show more content…
the victim, ones motivated by believing the victim has done them wrong and stalkers who have intentions of performing an assault, usually sexual. The article also explains that while some stalkers may have a mental illness of some kind, not all do. The importance of classifying the stalkers could lead to a better understanding of the behavior, figuring out the most effective treatment, and possibly being able to prevent stalking situations from happening all together. This academic journal was published in January 2014; the information is still very accurate. It includes information gathered together from different classifications based on studies previously done and is very factual. This chapter explains what a stalker does and why the variety of definition is an issue.
As said in the text, the definition of stalking behaviors typically includes a pattern and threats. Who defines how often a behavior has to be to become a pattern and when does a statement become a threat? The problem is, for example, some behaviors use romantic gestures that seem innocent enough to a passerby. The victims of stalking know and recognize what the intent of a behavior is, yet to an outsider it looks harmless and the victims are sometimes not taken seriously. The chapter goes on to detail the types of stalkers. To name a few, simple obsessional is one who’s had a relationship of some kind with the victim, love obsessional is one who stalks a stranger, and erotomanic is more than likely a female who thinks the male victim is in love with her. The text also describes how different stalking can happen. With the technology today, cyberstalking and specific surveillance such as GPS tracking devices and tapping the victims phone, is simple, easy and leaves the victim unaware that anything is happening. Stalking victims typically are women and statistics show one third of female murder victims were also victims of
stalking. This article comes from an encyclopedia written, as the title says, on social problems. It was written in 2008 but the information matches up to more recent documents shown here, and is very factual. The article describes stalking as consistent behavior that is not consensual, including sending unwanted gifts. It discusses the need to take stalking more serious and why it’s important to get protection orders. New laws make it easy to get one, whereas a few years ago, in Florida, proof of the stalker intending to harm the victim was needed. Now all fifty states will provide protection before physical harm happens. It also brings to light the gravity of cyberstalking, which is the loophole to getting restraining orders. There are still sixteen states that don’t grant protection orders for online stalking. The text shows the advancement cyberstalking such as identity theft and fraud. It’s explained that because of the technological advancements, it would be easier to enforce protection orders online rather than physically. Statistics show one in six women will be stalked at some point in their life, whether it’s through e-mail, text, being followed or verbally threatened. This article was written in 2012. It includes information from the CDC as well as the National Center for Victims of Crime. The information, as well as being relevant to my topic, was published as a news article and is spreading awareness of stalking. This article goes into detail about the different kinds of stalkers, their typical personality and how dangerous they are. It begins with the rejected stalker who engages in stalking as a way to get back at someone who has hurt them or to try to win them back. They exhibit jealousy and intimidation. The rejected stalker is usually the most defiant, especially when action is taken by the victim to prevent the stalking, such as a restraining order. The text moves on to resentful stalker, who usually has a paranoid and obsessive personality. Similar to the rejected stalker, someone has upset them and they use stalking as a way to get back. This offender is the last likely to become violent and is easily stopped. The predatory stalker has intentions of assault from the beginning, whether it’s towards someone they know or a stranger. They show poor self-esteem and typically premeditate a sexual attack, to feel in control. They use surveillance as a means to plan the attack. Intimacy and Incompetent stalkers are similar by thinking people are in love with them. Again, they choose victims who they know or complete strangers. The difference between the two is the intimacy stalker is very persistent and sees any effort from the victim to cease the behavior as a challenge. Incompetent stalkers are easily deterred. Lastly, the article explains erotomania and infatuated stalkers. They, too, believe the victim loves them but they are typically driven by mental illness. They usually only quit stalking because of a psychological treatment. This article was distributed by a Sexual Assault Prevention and Awareness Center. The information is very detailed and explained so it’s easily understandable. This article breaks down the similarities and differences of male and female stalkers. A study was done to compare the two and the results showed that while there were some differences, male and female stalkers were relatively similar. Male stalkers are more well-known rather than females; female stalkers make up roughly 10-25% of all stalking offenders. The text shows that females are less likely to have a criminal record than men, but overall the men and women are comparably violent. Women are more violent than men when they are motivated by Intimacy seeking, a category of stalkers who try to build a relationship with their victim out of delusions. Women are also more likely to be using substances, illegal or otherwise, while stalking. The text shows , despite subtle differences, men and women offenders share more similarities than you’d expect. The article was written after an extensive study was done based on numerous cases of stalking in different countries. This is one of the author’s second articles published about stalking. It was written in 2011, so still very accurate.
In her book On the Run: Fugitive Live in an American City, Alice Goffman points out that law enforcement interferes with the lives of people in the crime-stricken area of 6th street. Their overwhelming activity causes the residents of 6th street to react differently with one another. They have to factor in the police during their daily life, especially when it comes to couple’s relationships. Sometimes, the residents use the police in ways that they’re unintended such as to control one’s partner. In other cases, they use the police to protect one’s significant other, but only when necessary. More often than not, the police complicate relationships by inadvertently causing men to use their women as a way to avoid getting caught. Unfortunately,
When they feel rejected they can become extremely violent towards whoever they feel rejected them. Celebrities need to be made aware of how to handle stalkers, so that when they are faced with the problem they can deal with it properly. A forensic science graduate states, "Risk management strategies for this type should emphasize the need for professional protection of the target despite the low frequency risk of violence, since the injury is likely to be more serious if violence does occur …" (Mohandie). Many celebrities won't go to the police to report stalkers because they do not believe it is a real problem. This does not help them get the stalker to go away. When celebrities learn about how to deal with stalkers they are more likely to report the problem to the
The first example of threatening her is when he says “Connie, don't fool around with me. I mean- I mean, don't fool around(7).” He starts to make Connie feel scared and nervous. He refuses to let her go and for them to leave. It seems as if he is on a mission to capture as many women as possible such as the numbers might represent. In the same way, it seems as if connie is letting him because she is lonely and she did catch his attention. Arnold portrays a guy who knows how to persuade people and then when he doesn't get his way it leads to violence. His personality and tactics are different from a normal stalker or stranger. At one point in the story he mentions how he is going to “come inside[her] where it's all secret and [she'll] give in(8),”. When he said that he was finally labelled as a kidnapper, rapist, or still a stalker officially. Connie knew what was going to happen and she wanted to do something but she couldn't. All the things Arnold says and does didn't help him in the long run because he had to turn into the mean old man or eighteen year old, like he said, and it ruined his chance of being able to capture
Criminology is when people analysis or use research of why individuals commit crimes, or the individuals react a certain way in many situations. Ail Larter in Obsessed was not really known as a criminal. She developed her personality as a criminal throughout the movie, with her mental illness. Ail Larter was one of the most erotic and passionate female worker in a company with plenty of males. Ail Larter was raised with a wealth family who always sprang her with all her wishes. Her father never showed her love. He was more of a money financial type of father to Ail Larter he was never affectionate with her or even considerate of her emotion. She really never had an affectionate in her past. Most of the guys used her for her sexual characteristics in her past. At times Ail Larter will feel unloved and annoyed by others individual’s marriage. In addition for being this efficient, charming and a manipulative woman she was noticed by many individuals in her work area. Many people do not see her deep depression over love/ her obsession with the idea of a perfect lover for her. Basically she never understood what love was. By her father at no time being around, she at once had the male finger in her life. In fact Ail Larter was not a people person she would not get along with many people, especially females. She disliked wedding and marriage. With time Ail Larter was known for her femininity and her way of getting what she wants. She was very talented in labeling her sexual characteristics with her looks and actions.
... own childhood; no matter it are security and nurturing or abandonment and neglect, guidance and respect, or abuse and disdain. Not only the man becomes psychologically or physically abusive, but he is also aggressive towards his partner whenever he feels that his experience of rejection and consecutive disruption cannot be soothed by the defence that he mounted. Those people with a history of neglect or abuse, they usually not able to have confident in their partners whereby they perceive their partners as enemies instead of allies. These abusive relationships are often repeatable becoming more intense as if the man is riding on a rollercoaster ride. The rejection-abusive cycle is considered complete when the man felt he is not appreciated as his unrealistic expectation on relationships is not fulfilled - closeness and intimacy, in other words, further rejection.
Everyone has some form of a relationship in their life, whether it's with friends, a significant other, parents, or something else, and we can’t deny it. Those relationships can either negative or positive. As Aza is stuck in her mental illness, she doesn’t realize that as she travels through her life, the people she’s with have both a positive and a negative effect on her.
In conclusion we find that cyberstalking is one of the most dangerous forms of stalking. People who feel safer harming others from far away use this method the most, and like regular stalking it can cause serious damage.
In 1992, a group of Norwegian researchers conducted a study of girls. “They found girls participate in aggression, but they express their anger in unconventional nonphysical ways” (Simmons 20). Another group of experts from the University of Minnesota continued with these findings and found the girl’s aggressive behavior should be classified into three subcategories; relational, indirect, and social aggression” (Simmons 21). An example of relational aggression would be ignoring someone or giving them the “silent treatment” which can be very traumatic for the victim. They wonder what they...
Patriarchal Terrorism is general need to control a relationship. It is violence exclusively initiated by men as a way of gaining and maintaining absolute control over their female partner. (Shehan, 2003) The second form of couple violence, is common couple violence, is less a product of patriarchy. (Johnson, 1995) Patriarchal terrorism does exist today. Differences do not exist in intimate violence based on social class, education level, race / ethnicity or sexual orientation. Intimate violence is violence that occurs between two people in a relationship. It includes four types of behaviors: physical abuse, sexual abuse, threats, and emotional abuse. The longer the abuse goes on the longer it will affect the victim. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006) Partner violence occurs in all countries, social, economic, religious and cultural boundaries. (Shehan, 2003) I have observed couples with good communication and poor communication and intimacy. Dr. Gottman and his colleagues created recommendations, tactics, and strategies for couples with poor communication, intimacy and conflict problems.
Groth (1979) recognised four types of rapists; power-reassurance, power-assertive, anger-retaliation and anger-excitation. According to Groth’s typology, Marc Ronald’s fits into two of the typologies, power-assertive and anger retaliation. Power-assertive rapists are those who experience feelings of inadequacy and have poor social skills; they doubt their desirability so result to using aggressive behaviour towards the victim to reinstate fears regarding masculinity. (Robertiello & Terry, 2007, p.509). Sex offenders that fall into this typology often use verbal intimidation against their victims to feel a sense of power.
The third case I will analyze is when (A) and the attacker are romantically linked and are
The concept of ‘victim’ as inferred by Rock (2004) does not form a clear definition with vague, defining statements. Taking the example of burglary victim, Rock (2004) associates it with what is normally expected of a victim such as sense of defilement, constant fear of crime and mistrust. In the case of Milton Brown’s rape case (Rock, 20...
Stalk you, including calling you constantly or following you? The attack may follow you around without you always knowing. They may say they need to watch you (keep an eye on you). They may try to convince you it’s for your protection. They will often call you a lot to “check on you” but in actually it’s about them listening to what’s in the back ground and seeing where you are and what you’re doing as well as where you
There are many forms of victimization which include, stalking, robbery, domestic violence, rape, sexual misconduct, assault, sexual harassment, and various others. Some individual risk factors include, young age, prior victimization, low education level, employment status (citation). The scenario reviewed for this assignment discusses an 8-year-old girl that has been victimized by her father. Evelyn lives at home with both her parents and one younger sibling, her family relocated recently to a new home at father insistence (Laureate Education, 2012). The main influence for Evelyn’s victimization is the victim offender relationship. The family relationship between victim and offender is that of a parental figure and their child. This relationship
Posting personal information can also make it easier to be stalked. To stalk means to pursue by tracking. The study from Women's Aid and the Network to Survive Stalking, warns that Smartphones are being targete...