Laboratory #3 Anaerobic Power Eric Norris 9/20/15 (9/21/15) (KIN 375) Purpose The purpose of this lab was to determine the anaerobic power output capabilities of the legs and hips and to test the specific energy systems used during each exercise test. Anaerobic power is the rate of utilization of one anaerobic pathway and without the use of oxygen. During this lab, the Margaria-Kalamen Power test and Wingate cycling test will be used to determine power output capabilities. Power is a measurement of work. Power equals Force*distance divided by time. During anaerobic metabolism, oxygen is low at the level of the mitochondria, and only carbohydrates are being oxidized. There are three main pathways that can be used to generate …show more content…
For the Maragaria-Kalamen Power Test, the subject ran up a flight of stairs as fast as possible to determine the power output capabilities of specific muscles including quads, hamstrings, planter and dorsal flexors. The subject started 12” behind the first step. Next, the subject ran up the stairs as fast as possible, taking two steps at a time. As soon as the subject’s foot touched the second stair, a timer started the stopwatch. The timer stopped the stopwatch when the subject reaches the landing. This was a total vertical distance of 1.80 meters. This test becomes difficult for some when having to jump more than one step. Each subject completed the test a total of three times and the times were recorded. Once all three times were recorded for the subject, the experimenter took the best time. To find the power for the male and female subjects, the experimenter used the formula Power=Force x Distance / Time. Force was the body weight of the subject in kilograms. The distance was the vertical distance of the stairs, which was 1.8 meters. The time was the best of the three times recorded for each subject, in seconds. After calculating the power, the experimenter used the classification chart for the Margaria Kalamen power test to classify the subject’s power. After finding the power for each subject, the experimenter averaged the power of all three female subjects to get the female subject mean …show more content…
The female subject’s average power was 106 kg-m/sec. The average power output male were classified as good and female subjects were classified as average according to the Magaria- Kalamen classification chart. The mean power output for the male subjects was higher than the female subjects. Males have more Type II or fast twitch fibers, which are better for fast and powerful movements like the power test or any quick pace activity. Females tend to have more Type I or slow twitch fibers which are better for endurance exercises, such as running or biking. The first time running up the stairs was the slowest time for most of the subjects. This was probably because the subjects’ had to adapt to the task. The second trial was the fastest because the subjects’ were familiar with the task. The third trial for most of the subjects was slower than the second trial but faster than the first trial, most likely due to being tired. An error that could have occurred was the reaction time of the timer. The timer started timing when they saw the subject’s foot hit the first step. However, the time was not as accurate as possible because there is a delayed response before the timer hits the start button and the foot touching the step at a fast speed. Another error was that the stairs were not the standard set for the test. The vertical distance of the stairs is supposed to be 1.8 meters, but
Another weakness in the experimental design was that the reliability of the experiment was very low. As each test subject was only tested against each amount of prior exercise once, the impact of random errors is likely very large, which can be seen by the spread of the data on the graph. Although, this was attempted to be rectified by averaging the results of all four test subjects, it does not improve reliability too
Over a three week period a test subject was instructed to come to the exercise physiology lab once a week. The purpose of the first week was to determine the baseline test data for the participant. During this first week, the subject was asked how many hours of sleep they had gotten the night before and how much they weighed. The subject was then instructed to put on a heart monitor and wear an O2 apparatus and begin running on a treadmill. This treadmill was set at zero incline for the beginning of the run until three minutes had passed. At the three minute mark the incline increased by 2.5%. After this the incline was continuously increased by 2.5% every two minutes. During this process, the VO2 and RER exchange rate of the subject was being tracked through the O2 apparatus. Their heart rate was recorded every 15 seconds. In addition, the subject was asked their perceived exertion at every increase in incline. The subject continued to run until they could not run anymore, at this time they would hop off the treadmill.
Glucose consumption in the tissues and glucose production are balanced when the body is at rest. At the start of exercising the energy the body gets quickly is from the anaerobic metabolism using mostly muscle glycogen...
The SEM of the pulse rate before the test is +/-4.2bpm, while the SEM after the test is +/-10.1bpm. The mean recovery time (which is measured in minutes) is also compared. The slow steppers had an average recovery time of 2.3 +/-0.42, whereas the fast steppers had an average recovery time of 3.75 +/-0.44. The difference in the recovery rate between the two groups is
Do you know how you are able to run long distances or lift heavy things? One of the reasons is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is how your body breaks down the food you’ve eaten into adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP. ATP is the bodies energy its in every cell in the human body. We don’t always need cellular respiration so it is sometimes anaerobic. For example, when we are sleeping or just watching television. When you are doing activities that are intense like lifting weights or running, your cellular respiration becomes aerobic which means you are also using more ATP. Cellular respiration is important in modern science because if we did not know about it, we wouldn’t know how we are able to make ATP when we are doing simple task like that are aerobic or anaerobic.
It is the slowest working metabolic pathway for the production of energy in the body. This cycle, unlike the energy consumption in sprinting, allows the body to maintain its energy level during endurance activities. The citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle, allows humans to sustain long-term energy (long running) because it produces more energy than the other pathways. The Krebs cycle uses lots of enzymes, which reduce the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction. These enzymes help the body use less and create more energy. By using enzymes in the absence of more energy, the Krebs cycle is different from other metabolic pathways. Through the catabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins, an acetate is created and used in the citric acid cycle. The Krebs cycle converts NAD+ into NADH. These are then used by another system called the oxidative phosphorylation pathway to generate
Lastly, Figure 2 and Figure 3 represent a collection of data obtained from the students in class. To determine a correlation between two variables we used the “coefficient of determination” which is also known as r-squared. Based on Figure 2, the r-squared value was 0.292. This r-squared value indicated that there appears to be no relationship between the muscle size and maximum muscle force. In comparison, in Figure 3 the r-squared value was 0.038. Thus, this r-squared value also indicated that there is no relationship between the muscle size and half-maximum fatigue
Thus, to enable strength to body mass ratio to be calculated. Additionally, it was mentioned balance and problem solving skills of the individual could play an important role (Giles et al., 2006).Suggesting problem solving skills should also be assessed. Furthermore, it would be advisable to assess the individual’s ability to climb rock walls with varying grades in difficulties.
Abstract:The purpose of this experiment is to see if the number of times somebody closes a clothespin increases with or without exercise.It is our hypothesis that if you rest first then you should be able to squeeze clothespin more times in one minute then squeezing the clothespin with exercise. In our experiment one person exercised for two minutes and then squeezed the clothespin, then after the one minute they rested then squeezed the clothespin. Our hypothesis was proven correct since the person squeezed the clothespin more after he rested.
The purpose of this experiment was to gather data on how the amount of time spent active impacts the speed of heart rate in beats per minute. The hypothesis stated that if the amount of time active is lengthened then the speed of the heart rate is expected to rise because when one is active, the cells of the body are using the oxygen quickly. The heart then needs to speed up in order to maintain homeostasis by rapidly providing oxygen to the working cells. The hypothesis is accepted because the data collected supports the initial prediction. There is a relationship between the amount of time spent active and the speed of heart rate: as the amount of time spent active rose, the data displayed that the speed that the heart was beating at had also increased. This relationship is visible in the data since the average resting heart rate was 79 beats per minutes, while the results show that the average heart rate after taking part in 30 seconds of activity had risen to 165 beats per minute, which is a significantly larger amount of beats per minute compared to the resting heart rate. Furthermore, the average heart rates after 10 and 20 seconds of activity were 124 and 152 beats per minute, and both of which are higher than the original average resting heartbeat of 79.
* Age of the person exercising * level of fitness and recovery rate * gender of candidate * temperature * amount of recovery time KEY VARIABLE: - The variable that I will be using is the duration of exercise, this is because it is easy to measure against any candidate and get a correct accurate reading from it. If I chose the type of exercise I will get readings that might not be correct because some types of exercises are
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
Aerobic exercise involves improving the cardiovascular system. It increases the efficiency with which the body is able to utilize oxygen (Dintiman, Stone, Pennington, & Davis, 1984). In other words, aerobic exercise means that continuous and large amounts of oxygen are needed to get in order to generate the amount of energy needed to complete the workout. The most common type of aerobic exercise is long-distance running, or jogging. While running, the body requires large amounts of energy in order for the body to sustain energy. “During prolonged exercise, most of the energy is aerobic, derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats” (Getchell, 1976).
Recorded videos were used to analyze the movement patterns of the runners. The participants were an elite (male) and a novice runner (female). The elite runner used a standard track field while the novice used a treadmill in a standard gym. The result showed that the elite runner had a longer stride than the non-expert due to his long legs. The novice runner required less force to move her body than the elite runner. The expert had longer stride resulting in longer step length which made him move faster than the novice. As the feet of both participants touched the ground the expert had a higher ground reaction force than the non-expert. The elite had a higher cadence than the non-elite because his legs moved faster. During stance phase, they both have one foot on the ground and as their foot first hit the ground they both slow down. However, the novice was slower because the elite had a faster speed making him spend less time in the
During anaerobic there is inadequate quantity of oxygen, which means that the muscle cells in our body function in “emergency mode” in such a way that they have to break down glucose inadequately when producing lactic acid as an alternative product.