What is The Problem with the US Correctional Systems
explanatory Essay
1920 words
Prisoners in Our Corrections
In California, legal executions were authorized under the Criminal Practice Act of 1851. On February 1872, capital punishment was integrated into the California Penal Code. Explaining the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years and the Latin roots of capita and corpus. There are four primary United States constitutional amendments which safeguard inmates’ rights and how these amendments protect prisoners or inmates. The goals of rehabilitation and punishment, as well as probation and parole, and areas as it relate to inmate as well as for the community. Why is it one of the Colorado prisons important to our correctional system? Why are they compared to Pelican bay prison? Is there sentencing alternatives for the offenders?
According to the California Department of Correction and Rehabilitation (CDCR), Capital Punishment is a legal infliction of death as a penalty for violating criminal law. In addition, throughout history people have been put to death for various forms of wrongdoing. The methods of execution include such as practices of crucifixion, stoning, drowning, burning at the stakes stabbing, and of course beheading. Today, in most states, capital punishment is typically accomplished by lethal gas or injection, electrocution, hanging or shooting by the military under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. But in California, incarceration is preferred method to punish offenders, according to randomhistory.com.
Corporal Punishment is consequent from a Latin word meaning body. Which meant physical punishment and in the past it was very common. In California, corporal punishment has been implemented instead of capital punis...
... middle of paper ...
.... Web. 03 Mar. 2014.
HAWKINS, GORDON; FRASE RICHARD S., BORIS N. MIRONOV, and COLIN BLAKEMORE;SHELIA JENNETT. "Corporal Punishment." Encyclopedia.com. HighBeam Research, 01 Jan. 2002. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
Lambert, Tim. "A History of Corporal Punishment." A History of Corporal Punishment. N.p., 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 05 Mar. 2014.
"America's Tug of War over Sanctioned Death." The History of Capital Punishment in the United States. N.p., 19 Sept. 2009. Web. 03 Mar. 2014.
Ridgeway, James, and Jean Casella. "America's 10 Worst Prisons: ADX." Mother Jones. N.p., 01 May 2013. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
Atkinson, Grant. "Types of Alternative Sentencing." LegalMatch. N.p., 3 Apr. 2014. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.
Taylor, Michael. "The Last Worst Place / The Isolation at Colorado's ADX Prison Is Brutal beyond Compare. So Are the Inmates." SFGate. N.p., 28 Dec. 1998. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the historical development of capital and corporal punishment, including the methods of punishment used over the years, and the latin roots of capita and corpus.
- Explains that capital punishment is a legal infliction of death for violating criminal law. in california, incarceration is preferred method of punishment.
- Explains that in california, corporal punishment has been implemented instead of capital punishment. prisoners and civil rights activist believe that it is inhumane; people make mistakes and deserve life.
- Defines corporal punishment as the use of pain, injury, distress or mortification to reprimand unruly or criminal behavior. jesus was beaten by a whip or rod before he was crucified in the cross.
- Explains that more serious forms of corporal punishment, including flogging, have undergone restoration in certain countries such as islamic areas that have experienced new beginning in fundamentalism.
- Explains that federal and state laws govern the establishment and administration of prisons as well as the rights of the inmates.
- Explains that even the most chronic or hardened inmates have basic rights that are protected by the united states constitution, such as freedom of speech or press, the right of the people peaceably to assemble, establishing of religion and redress of grievances.
- Explains that the fourth amendment protects prisoners' privacy from government intrusion, but prisoners surrender most of their privacy rights in correctional institutions.
- Opines that rehabilitation is the most appealing modern justification for use of the criminal sanction. prisoners were encouraged to develop occupational skills and resolve psychological problems.
- Describes the usp administrative maximum in florence, colorado, nicknamed the alcatraz of the rockies.
- Explains that inmates who want to participate in programs will face other constraints such as the procedures used to classify them with respect to security and programs.
- Opines that harsher penalties were needed to restore order and deter prisoners from killing prison guards.
- Explains that punishing and following up with rehabilitation through community supervision can be the source of helping deter crime.
- Explains that probation and parole are privileges which allow offenders to prevent prison or be discharged from prison system after serving only a partial of their sentences.
- Explains that alternative sentencing is when someone is convicted of a crime, the court determines what the proper punishment will be.
- Explains alternative sentencing, such as partial incarceration through work furlough, and house arrest where the criminal offender serves his or her sentence detained at their own residence.
- Opines that alternative sentencing may be available for first-time non-violent offenders. however, if an offender violates the terms, they may need to finish their sentence in jail.
- Explains that capital punishment has been used since ancient times, beginning with jesus. the declination of corporal punishment was once hailed as a sign of humanitarianism and civilization.
- Cites clear, todd r., george f. cole, and michael d. reisig. american corrections. belmont, ca: cengage learning wadsworth, 2013.
- Explains the history of capital punishment in california.
- Explains lambert's "a history of corporal punishment." the history of capital punishment in the united states.
Let Our AI Magic Supercharge Your Grades!
Related
- explanatory
- analytical
- opinion
- Persuasive Essay On Disciporal Punishmentexplanatory essayCorporal punishment is a traditional practice of imposing pain, which is commonly used by parents towards children to remove an unpleasant behavior. It is also a physical force towards a child for the purpose of control, and as a disciplinary penalty inflicted on the body. The parents play a pivotal role in honing and disciplining their child with regards to his/her actions. Hitting them with physical objects and forcing them to do cleaning works are some of the ways of discipline, which were done at home. In the year 2000, research, the convention, and law reform – modified the punishment towards children. According to research, 20,000 people in the U.S – particularly those who are 20 years old and above, 1,258 experienced punishment by pushing, grabbing, slapping and hitting. 19,349 people had been reported that they didn’t experience such kind of punishment. Moreover, it is also executed on the children, in order for them to act independently and to visualize the negativities of being careless and dependent to others. Punishment is also
In this essay, the author
- Explains that corporal punishment is a traditional practice of imposing pain, which is commonly used by parents towards children to remove an unpleasant behavior.
- Explains that disciplined punishment is effective in a way that children know how to manage their own behavior, and they may know what is right and wrong. the frequent use of punishment may disengage into acting younger.
- Explains that exposing children to physical, psychological, and emotional torture is not helpful, in accordance with their development.
- Explains coleman's definition of reasonable corporal punishment based on normative understandings and scientific evidence of capacity and functional impairment.
996 wordsRead More - Persuasive Essay On The Death Penaltyanalytical essaySince the 13 colonies were first established in America, the death penalty has been the main form of capital punishment as a firmly deep-rooted institution in the United States. Today, one of the most debated issues in the criminal justice system is the issue of capital punishment. While receiving disapproving viewpoints as those who oppose the death penalty find moral fault in capital punishment, the death penalty has taken a very different course in America while continuing to further advancements in the justice system since the start of the new millennium. While eliminating overcrowding in state jails, the death penalty has managed to save tax payers dollars as well as deteriorate crime and apprehend criminals.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the death penalty has been the main form of capital punishment in the united states since the 13 colonies were established.
- Explains that by placing convicts on death row, america has found a just way of preventing repeat offenders and deterring crime as justice deteriorates crime rates.
- Explains that many people opposing the death penalty misguidedly use christianity and the bible's beliefs of morality to dispute the ethics of the penalty.
- Argues that the death penalty should remain legal in america because it is successfully putting criminals away by the threat of them receiving lethal injection.
- Explains that the death penalty would save government funds while putting away dangerous criminals. prop 34 costs taxpayers $100 million over four years and many millions more, long term.
- Opines that the death penalty is a safe way to put away guilty persons while technological advances ensure innocent will not be executed.
- Explains that the death penalty can help ease the problem of overcrowding in prisons in america.
- Explains that the death penalty solves many problems, such as overcrowding, deterring crime, and saving tax dollars.
1644 wordsRead More - Problems with the American Prison Systemanalytical essayWilson, Rick. "The Growing Problems of the Prison System." American Friends Service Committee. American Friends Service Committee, 27 Nov. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2014. .
In this essay, the author
- Argues that prisoners need to be educated and rehabilitated in order to return to society. the three state recidivism study lowered recidivism by 29%.
- Opines that a good rehabilitation system can solve the problems of overcrowding and underfunding by there being less convicts.
- Argues that prisons are overcrowded, underfunded, rape rates are off the charts, and we as americans have no idea how to fix it.
- Describes the five problems with our legal system, including dodd, vikram, harris, dan, and lozoff, bo.
1089 wordsRead More - The Death Penalty Debateanalytical essayEarly death penalty laws date back to the Eighteenth Century B.C.. The death penalty also had a heavy presence in the Fourteenth Century Hittite Code, the Seventh Century Draconian Code of Athens, and the Fifth Century Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets. (History, 1) Today, thirty-four states in the United States of America still practice the death penalty as a means of punishment for capital offenses and heinous crimes. The death penalty debate is one that Americans are no strangers to; it has been abolished and repealed numerous times throughout our history.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the death penalty issue is a divisive one, but whether one is for or against, one can not deny the basic illogic.
- Explains that the death penalty is used as a punishment for capital offenses, such as first-degree murder, murder with special circumstances, rape with additional bodily harm, and federal crime of treason.
- Explains that the paper aims to answer the above question by looking at the background of capital punishment and the death penalty, the ideas behind it, viable alternatives, and finally the effective deterring of crime.
- Explains that the early death penalty laws date back to the eighteenth century b.c., the hittite code, and the draconian code of athens.
- Explains that the supreme court changed the way the death penalty was administered, commuting the sentences of some 630 prisoners on death row.
- Explains that the modern day death penalty is to punish people for specific, horrible crimes, and in turn, deter members of society from committing these acts.
- Analyzes how ralph dellapiana tries to answer the question of whether life without parole is a viable alternative to the death penalty.
- Explains that the university of texas at dallas published a research article with the american society of criminology on the effectiveness of the death penalty in deterring crime.
- Opines that the death penalty must prove effective in order for it to have a place in society. however, many credible sources have found that people committing these horrible crimes do not even consider the consequences of their actions.
- Explains that academic sources stating that the death penalty does not deter crime used mathematical tests and criminal profiles to come to their conclusions.
- Explains that amnesty international is a well-known opponent of the death penalty on the international front. they work to end the abuses of human rights.
- Explains that america's back-and-forth history toward the death penalty makes it difficult for us to unite under one law.
- Analyzes the work of robert, iii., in the journal of criminal law & criminology.
- Describes the facts about the death penalty from the death penalty information center.
1735 wordsRead More - The Use of Capital Punishment in Americaanalytical essayThe use of capital punishment in the U.S. is a growing concern for most American citizens. According to statistics, seventy percent of Americans are in support of the death penalty, while only thirty percent are against it. These statistics show that few people are against capital punishment (“Fact” 1). With the use of the death penalty growing the controversy is becoming more heated. With only twelve states left not enforcing it the resistance is becoming futile (“Fact” 4). Many debates have been made and even clauses have been invoked, such as, the “Cruel and Unusual Clause” that was invoked by the Supreme Court in 1962 (Meltsner 179). The use of death as a punishment has been viewed as “cruel and unusual,” but in further research the view of what is considered “cruel and unusual” has been reduced drastically (Berns 31). America’s method of punishments has been reduced from several extremely painful execution methods, to four quick and less painful punishments. They consist of line of execution, gas chamber, electric chair, and the most popular lethal injection (“Ways” 1-4). The debate about the death penalty consists in both ethical and religious viewpoints.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the use of capital punishment in the u.s. is a growing concern for most american citizens.
- Argues that the death penalty should be legalized in all fifty states to deter crime, keep repeat offenders off the streets, and alleviate prison costs from the taxpayers.
- Explains that walter berns states many passages from the bible that support the death penalty, but after careful research he determines that they can be interpreted in many different ways. the curiosity of whether capital punishment is biblical depends on the interpretation of such scriptures
- Argues that outlawing capital punishment in america could create unhappy citizens and cause a division in the u.s. government.
- Explains that capital punishment has helped to lower homicidal crimes and deter criminals from illegal actions. in some states, the common belief is that imprisoning the murders of society will keep them from killing again.
- Argues that capital punishment could help alleviate the taxpayers from the costs of feeding and housing convicted felons.
- Explains how the taxpayers are paying for the exercise equipment and food inmates eat and sleep on. prisons release thousands of prisoners every year back on to the streets due to a lack of room and funds.
- Explains that the debate over what is "cruel and unusual" is and always will be a controversial issue, but there are several factors to consider when making decision on whether capital punishment is right or wrong.
- Opines that the cost of housing criminals is another factor in the debate over capital punishment.
- Cites bedau, hugo, berns, walter, and carelli, richard. the court refuses to outlaw the florida electric chair.
- Cites kieter, richard, and meltsner, michael. the supreme court and capital punishment.
1429 wordsRead More - American Intervention: Prisons in the United Statesopinion essayFerguson, S. (2007, December 26). American Prisons - the Vacation Resort for Criminals. Retrieved February 1, 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that america could use some outside help regarding its prisons, such as overcrowding, minor flaws in our justice system, and psychological problems.
- Opines that if other countries took in prisoners, it would alleviate the burden on the prisons and deter criminals.
- Cites ferguson, s., lemons, a woman was held in jail because authorities thought she was
- Explains that prison overcrowding is a growing concern in the u.s.
570 wordsRead More - Californias Death Penaltyanalytical essayThe death penalty is the sentence of execution for murder and other capital crimes. Which are punishable by death? The death penalty is used only in 38 states (www.deathpenalty.org). The state of California is home to the nation’s most clogged death row, housing 641 men and women pending lethal injection. Having to house all these criminals is costing tax payers millions of dollars. Capital punishment in California, as in every other state, is more expensive than a life imprisonment sentence without the opportunity of parole. These costs are not the result of careless appeals but instead the result of constitutionally mandated safeguards (www.deathpenalty.org). Even with the careless appeals and mandated safeguards were having to take a closer look into convicted felons’ cases and by doing so we have saved a large number of wrongfully convicted people. Capital punishment, the death penalty, is a highly controversial method used in punishing people who kill another human being. It has raised difficult moral, practical, and legal issues. The debate over capital punishment continues to be pursed in both courts and the political arena (Capital Punishment, pg.3). The debate can be sorted out around several questions:
In this essay, the author
- Explains that public executions were a common place event until the 1830s due to the deterrent effect of them. the decision to kill antoher human is dependent on numerous events that are in turn influenced by religion and beliefs.
- Explains that california spends $90 million dollars annually above and beyond the regular costs of the justice system on capital cases.
- Opines that the use of the death penalty in california is rough whether or not it serves as a deterrent effect to crime.
- Argues that the death penalty is a highly controversial method used in punishing people who kill another human being.
- Asks whether the u.s. constitution’s ban of “cruel and unusual punishment” applies to the death penalty in california.
- Explains that the risk of executing an innocent person is usually considered the strongest most practical argument against punishment.
- Explains the history of capital punishment in california at the california department of correction.
1558 wordsRead More - The History and Public Opinion of Capital Punishmentanalytical essayVila, Bryan and Morris, Cynthia, Capital Punishment in the United States: A documented History (Greenwood Press: Westport ,CN, 1997)
In this essay, the author
- Explains the history of the death penalty, which goes back to the earliest civilizations.
- Explains that the american civil liberties union's anti-death penalty stance was a sign of things to come.
- Explains how the supreme court ruled that prospective jurors who oppose the death penalty can not automatically be excluded from juries in possible capital punishment cases.
- Opines that the death penalty is a moral and social deterrent, citing the need for "justice" and the safety of society.
- Analyzes the debate on retribution vs. revenge, and the "eye for an eye" theory, which supports the death penalty for pick-pocketing and heresy.
- Analyzes how mark costanzo, ph.d. (author of just revenge), argues that there are complications to those statistics.
- Describes vila, bryan, and morris, cynthia, capital punishment in the united states: a documented history.
- Cites leilani corpus' "what we learned from ted bundy," which was published by forerunner in 1989.
- Explains that the 1972 case of furman v georgia was a complete victory for the anti-abolitionists, but proved to be more complicated than it appeared.
- Argues that the death penalty is unfair to those who don't have big budgets because of the obvious reason that poorer people are more inclined to commit crimes in general.
- Argues that the rise in support for capital punishment is related to ideology conflicts in american culture. conservatives have a history of being tougher on crime than liberals.
4452 wordsRead More - To Kill or not to Killanalytical essayThe development and practice of capital punishment is a lengthy and arduous journey. Perhaps, more so, is the argument itself surrounding the act. To begin, capital punishment is the execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law of a criminal offense ("Capital Punishment"). Britain's influence on America's use of the death penalty began in the early 1600s. Simple acts such as denying "God" or retaliating against one's parents subjected an individual to death. Of course, as time passes, the guidelines of capital punishment have changed. In modern society, crimes of murder, kidnapping and treason have become the principles for extreme penalty. With the changing aspects of execution and with an increasingly perceptive society, questions arise as to whether or not capital punishment is justified. In the State of California, the topic of capital punishment is a source of highly heated debate. The death penalty ceased in 1972, due to its violation of the constitution, but was reinstated six years later. The ineffectiveness of capital punishment outweighs the benefits, and the State of California should eradicate it.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the cost of an execution is less than keeping an offender in prison with lwop (life without parole), which costs $90,000 per inmate every year.
- Argues that the use of capital punishment as a deterrent to crime is false for many reasons.
- Cites judge arthur l. alacron and paula m. mitchell's digital commons at lmu & lls.
- States that natioal research council, john v. pepper, and daniel s. nagin. detterence and the death penalty.
- Explains that the development and practice of capital punishment is a lengthy and arduous journey.
- Argues that the obliteration of corporal punishment should transition into effect due to the high cost to carry out the procedure.
999 wordsRead More - Capital Punishment: Justified?analytical essayThere are wide and divergent opinions on the United States’ Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment. While proponents of capital punishment allege that it can be applied as with the existence of sufficient due process, others contend that human life is irreplaceable and that “every person has the right to have their life respected” (Oppenheim, “Capital Punishment in the United States”). While capital punishment has phased in and out of the United States’ criminal justice system in the past few decades, current trends seem to fall out of favor with the death penalty. As Snell indicates, by yearend of 2011, there were 3,082 inmates held across 35 states and the Federal Bureau of Prisons under the death sentence, where 9 states executed 43 inmates in both 2011 and 2012 (“Capital Punishment, 2011 – Statistical Tables”). In order to gain a deeper understanding and enhanced projection of the death penalty development, it is prudent to first examining historical accounts of cases that have been decided in favor or against the capital punishment in the United States.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that there are wide and divergent opinions on the united states’ supreme court decisions on capital punishment.
- Analyzes how the furman v. georgia case introduced the concept of the eighth and fourteenth amendments when considering decisions against the death penalty.
- Analyzes how the furman v. georgia case sets precedent for the united states in invalidating the wide wielding of discretion in decisions for death penalty on the federal and state level.
- Analyzes how weems v. united states, a case in the then philippine colony of the us, emphasised humane treatment of criminals through vigorously upholding and defending the eighth and fourteenth amendments.
- Explains that the supreme court overhauled the criminal justice system against the death penalty in 1976. the case was similar to furman v. georgia, whereby the defendant committed armed robbery and murder against two men.
- Explains that gregg v. georgia was a bifurcated trial, which divided the trial into two stages for deliberation by the georgia supreme court.
- Concludes that georgia's new statutory scheme overcame constitutional deficiencies found in furman v. georgia. the justices pit several ideas and elements of social theories in support of capital punishment.
- Analyzes how the gregg v. georgia case justified itself based on the standing that the death penalty is not an unconstitutional decision.
- Analyzes how woodson v. north carolina demonstrated the far-reaching and wide effects of the furman and georgia verdicts, and its effect on america's criminal justice system.
- Analyzes how the supreme court of north carolina ruled that unbridled discretion on decisions to execute mandatory death penalty or life imprisonment was unconstitutional based on violation of the eighth and fourteenth amendment.
- Explains that the mandatory death sentence case of stanislaus roberts v. louisiana was reversed and remanded according to the same grounds as woodson and furman.
- Explains that louisiana's supreme court ruled that roberts' death sentence violated the eighth and fourteenth amendments.
- Explains that lockett v. ohio experienced a reverse judgment and was remanded in consideration for the mitigating factors that were not taken into account for capital cases.
- Explains that in the lockett v. ohio case, justices took into consideration more factors which would have led up to the crime, as called forth by the eighth and fourteenth amendments.
- Explains that eddings v. oklahoma took into consideration all of the mitigating factors involved in this juvenile commission of first-degree murder and reversed the judgment for the death penalty.
- Analyzes how the supreme court of oklahoma reversed the eddings v. oklahoma case by denying mitigating evidence in the sentencing hearing.
- Explains that the supreme court's decision to reverse and remand the death sentence punishment shows the extent to which ohio’s criminal justice system has developed in its response to juvenile offenders.
- Argues that true development arises when a society can progress in making an affirmative decision on capital punishment.
- Opines that while the criminal justice system is imperfect and pervious to different elements of influence, the sanction and deep consideration for human life is an essential element that will be explored and perfected with time.
- Describes the death penalty cases: furman v. georgia, jackson
- Analyzes oppenheim, sarah, "capital punishment in the united states." washington college of law. american university.
- Explains oshinsky, david m. capital punishment on trial: furman v. georgia and the death penalty in modern america.
- Analyzes snell, tracy l. capital punishment, 2011 - statistical tables. bureau of justice statistics (bjs), 2013.
- Explains the history of the death penalty and recent developments at the university of alaska anchorage.
- Cites lockett v. ohio 438 u.s. 586, cornell university of law, 1978.
- Cites weems v. united states, 217 u. s. 349, 378 (1910).
- Cites woodson v. north carolina, u.s. supreme court, cornell university of law, 1976.
3412 wordsRead More - Capital Punishmentanalytical essayThe introduction into this book is well written and promises to take you on an intellectual and levelheaded historical account of Capital Punishment throughout American history. It delves into the possible reasons that our society is both fearful and fascinated with the subject of the death penalty and as the overview states “the reader can decide for himself or herself whether the death penalty should have a continuing place in America’s criminal justice system.”
In this essay, the author
- Introduces capital punishment as an intellectual and levelheaded historical account of the death penalty throughout american history.
- Analyzes the dilemma in the book, where a man committed murder in two states, one with the death penalty, and one that doesn't. he was executed at 11:45 p.m. on march 19, 1995
- Explains the history of capital punishment, beginning with what modern man would consider barbaric means of executing those guilty of crimes against society or the ruling body.
- Explains that the eighth amendment to the constitution has caused many debates since its enactment. the supreme court has the responsibility of interpreting their meaning and applying it to our judicial system.
- Explains that one chapter in the book (10 pages) is dedicated to the topic of "the arguments for and against" capital punishment.
- Explains that the last chapter focuses on the future of capital punishment, the lengthy process that one convicted and sentenced to death must go through in order to be executed, and the debate on reforming the appeals process.
- Opines that if you are looking for something to help form your opinion on this heated subject, you would not recommend this book.
522 wordsRead More - Corporal Punishment in Americaexplanatory essayThe term corporal punishment means the intentional infliction of pain on the body for purposes of punishment and includes slapping, hitting with objects, pinching, shaking and forcing to stand for long periods of time (Epoch 1). Family researchers define corporal punishment as " the use of physical force aimed at causing children to experience pain but not injury, for the purposes of correction and control of youthful behavior" (Day 83). Spanking is one form of physical or corporal punishment (Epoch 1).
In this essay, the author
- Defines corporal punishment as the intentional infliction of pain on the body for purposes of punishment and includes slapping, hitting with objects, pinching, shaking and forcing to stand for long periods of time.
- Explains the acceptance and support of corporal punishment as a discipline in american culture. children are abused because they cannot defend themselves against stronger and more powerful adults.
- Explains that studies of the incidence and intensity of spanking often provide evidence that most parents have spanked their children.
- Explains that a research project using the national longitudinal survey of youth examined the antecedents of parents’ spanking behavior.
- Explains that even though the study had little theoretical orientation from which spanking could be predicted, it showed that younger mothers spank much more frequently than older mothers.
- Explains that consistent use of corporal punishment has been an indicator of less effective parenting and is commonly linked to socialization out comes such as delinquence, low self-esteem, and social incompetence.
- Explains that the child's temperament and personality directly affect the parents ability to employ non-physical discipline strategies. children who are perceived as difficult are more likely to be spanked.
- Explains that older parents with more education will have more experience raising children, know more about alternative and nonpunitive strategies of discipline, and have a greater sense of maturity and self-control, all of which may reduce inclinations to spank.
- Explains that spanking is deeply rooted in the history and culture of our nation as well as in our own personal experiences.
- Explains that when parents are working and are not on public assistance, they have a greater ability to provide necessities and extras for their children. economic independence may lead to greater sense of personal worth.
- Explains that single mothers are understaffed and have difficulty juggling household, children, and work. when these strains exist, discipline strategies may reflect a more pressured situation.
- Explains that fathers spank less than mothers, suggesting that this period of the child's life may be difficult for mothers.
- Explains that the study indicated that boys are spanked more frequently than girls. mothers and fathers are less likely to spank older children.
- Explains that black, single mothers report the most spanking, while married women with older children report more than white women, but less than single, black mothers. the younger women are more likely to espouse religious conservatism.
- Concludes that spanking is a common occurrence during the parent-child relationship. data matched previous research and indicated that toddlers and younger children are more likely to be spanked than older children.
- Explains that fathers are cast in less direct parenting roles that are supposed to be supportive of mothers’ effort but are less involved in the daily administration of discipline. black and white mothers of younger children are significantly influenced by the parent-child context.
- Explains that parental spanking may be complicated by many factors, including gender, age, gender of parent, and age of the parent.
- Explains that parents' inclinations to spank may be embedded in conservative religious beliefs and the parent's own perceptions of characteristics of their children that have developed during parent-child relationship.
- Opines that little work has been done to understand parents' discipline strategies in many ethnic and racial groups in our society. motivations for spanking are complex and embedded in the ideological and family system fabric of daily life.
- Explains that spanking is a conflict between the ideal of the loving parent and the purposeful violence of corporal punishment.
- Opines that parents should be trained to understand alternative strategies of discipline, despite ideological motivations.
1226 wordsRead More