What is Pharmacology? Pharmacology is the study of the interaction of drugs with living organisms, such as humans, animals and even microorganisms. Pharmacology also includes sources, adverse effects, absorption, physiological factors, biotransformation, dosage forms, methods of administration, excretion, and history.
So, what are drugs and what exactly do they do? Drugs, also known as narcotics, are chemicals that alter functions of living organisms. They are generally given for the diagnosis, prevention, control or cure of disease. They can affect the body in a negative and, or positive way. For example, have you ever taken Tylenol for a headache or migraine, but, after taking it had some adverse reaction or known side effect of the medication that you didn’t have before taking it? An adverse reaction is when the opposite of what the medication does, occurs. This means that if you take Tylenol and are expecting it to take the throbbing of your head away it, instead, makes your headache seem worse than what it was, whilst, a side effect is labeled on the medication bottle or package that has been known to occur to in many others.
Where are narcotics obtained from? Narcotics are obtained from six different things know to be minerals, animals, plants microorganisms genetic engineering and a synthetic source. These are known to be the sources. Narcotics obtained from minerals include Liquid Paraffin, Magnesium Sulfate, Magnesium Trisilicate and Kaolin. Drugs like Insulin, Thyroid extract, Heparin and Antitoxin Sera come from animals. Plants produce Morphine, Digoxin, Atropine and Castor Oil. Aspirin comes from a synthetic source, Penicillin from microorganisms and Human Growth Hormone from genetic engineering. Each drug, no matte...
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...thmia’s, hypertension and essential tremor. It ended the long drought in new heart medicines because of this. Furthermore, second generation drugs such as Atenolol and Metaprolol are receptors located in the heart muscle developed in the 1970’s. All of the above information concludes my Pharmacology research.
Works Cited
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A Brief History of Pharmacology
http://quizlet.com/1424671/pharmacology-exam-1-chapter-4-drug-biotransformation-flashcards (2012)
Pharmacology Exam 1: Chapter 4 Drug Biotransformation
http://enwikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration (2014)
Route of Administration
http://CarterCenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/lecture_notes/health_science_students/Pharmacology.pdf (2004)
Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative
Antiarrhythmic agents are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart. Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents. There is a problem from the fact that many of the antiarrhythmic agents have multiple actions, making any classification accurate. Betapace (sotalol) comes in tablets and solution for oral a...
Where did this drug come from and what makes it different from any other drug that is on the market? Heroin's origins go back long before Christ was a bleep on the radar. It goes back to 1200 B.C. Or the Bronze Age. At that time how ever heroin would be known as its chemically altered state of the poppy seeds. Even at that time however the ancient peoples of that time knew that if the poppy seeds juice were collected and dried. the extract that was left behind could make a effective painkiller. This would later be named opium. There were small incidents of it appearing in Europe, for instance it was used by the gladiators in the Roman Colosseum. But as a whole it would take more then a millennium for opium to travel from the Middle East to the Europe. This only occurred do to crusades. In just a few hundred after that is went from a rarely used painkiller to a liquid that was said to cure all aliments and would even lead to the most humiliating defeat China Empire. In the 1803 opium became dwarfed by its new brother morphine which is named in honor of the Greek god Morpheus who is the god of dreams. Morphine is an extract of opium and is ruffly 10 times the strength of its counter part. After Morphine creation it was put to used almost at once to assist battle field victims. This was a mistake however, because this refined does of opium is also 10 times more addicting then it was in its original form. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers would retur...
Opiates are a class of drugs that are used for chronic pain. Opioids are substances that are used to relieve pain by binding opiate receptors throughout the body, and in the brain. These areas in the brain control pain and also emotions, producing a feeling of excitement or happiness. As the brain gets used to these feelings, and the body builds a tolerance to the opioids, there is a need for more opioids and then the possibility of addiction. There are different forms of opioids manufactured such as Morphine, Oxycodone, Buprenorphine, Hydrocodone, and Methadone.
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Typically, almost everyone in the world has taken drugs at some point in their life. Whether it be over the counter medication or prescription drugs. People get sick, they have illness, allegories, sexually transmitted diseases or other aches and pains. As you may already know, there is medication for each aforementioned problem. This is called drug use, which is using drugs for its intended purpose. However, the real dilemma happens when people began to misuse and abuse drugs.
I pleased to apply to the PharmD program as the program is one area that corresponds to my career dreams. Being part of this program gives one the opportunity to gain an excellent experience in working and collaborating with various health care providers in the ward. But more importantly, it facilitates a practical environment in dealing more closely with patients. Hence, it helps to provide the ultimate health care services to patients. Also, it permits me to carry on gaining different knowledge, skills, and values in addition to those I have already developed during my undergraduate studies. My interest in being a clinical pharmacist was first aroused during my SPEP rotation in the hospital setting where I was really impressed with the role of clinical pharmacists who provide a consistent process of patient care with healthcare teams to maintain the appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of the medication use. Unlike a pharmacist, a clinical pharmacist has a more diversified responsibilities and closeness to direct patient care. Moreover, provides
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