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An Essay On Human Anatomy
History of anatomy in renaissance age
"history of anatomy
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Versalius'/Harvey's Contribution to Medicine
Versalius and Harvey's contribution to medicine were a detailed study
of the human anatomy and dissection. Both were Professors of Surgery
and made a great contribution to surgery. Andreas Versalius was born
in Brussels in1514 and studied medicine in Paris and Louvain and met
artists who were studying skeletons and dissecting bodies to make
paintings more realistic, Versalius discovered that Galen was wrong in
some important details of anatomy. After an argument in Louvain over
bleeding techniques he became professor of surgery and anatomy at
Padua.. Versalius did his own dissections and wrote books based on his
observations using accurate diagrams to illustrate his work, like "The
Fabric Of The Human Body" (1543).
Versalius contribution and methods were important to medicines he
oversaw all stages in the Human anatomy dissection and pointed out
some of the Galen's mistakes. As doctors believed that Galen was right
about everything. In the second edition of his book "The Fabric",
Versalius said there were no holes in the Septum of the heart. As
before Versalius, Galen had to rely on dissecting animals for
knowledge of human anatomy.
Another discovery of human anatomy was by William Harvey, who was born
in Kent in 1578. Harvey studied medicine at Cambridge and Padua. He
worked in London as a doctor and a Lecturer of Anatomy at the Royal
College of Surgeons, before becoming Royal Physician to King James I
and King Charles I.
Harvey did comparative studies on animals and humans. He realised that
he could observe living animals hearts in action and his findings
would also apply to humans. Before Harvey, doctors and Galen thought
that new blood was constantly being made in the liver to replace blood
that was burnt up in the body. But no one proved how blood circulated
around in the body.
Harvey contribution to Human anatomy was that he discovered
circulation of blood in human body. He showed how blood is carried
away from the heart by the arteries and return to the heart in veins.
The Beauty of Bodysnatching written by Burch Druin is a fascinating biography of Astley Cooper, an English Surgeon, and Anatomist, who gained worldwide fame in support of his contribution to Vascular Surgery and a further area of expertise. The extract gives a reflective insight into Cooper’s contribution to study of Anatomy and medicine. Cooper enjoyed the job of body snatching, which helped him to conduct a series of discoveries that were important for the future study and understanding of Physiology. In the Romantic era, when prettiness or horror was a sensitive matter and extensive concern at that time many physicians discouraged surgery, but Cooper passionately practiced it.
The immune system plays an important role in fighting off diseases and protecting your body. Also Mauroy's reactions to the calf's blood is something we have talked about this semester because we have covered mostly all systems. The discovery of the blood types plays an important role in what we have been learning. It ties into the organ system because blood helps controls some of your organs. Mauroy's reaction to the blood probably had something to do with the different blood types and his didn't match with the calf's blood type. The calf's blood wasn't as clean either. Lastly, the discovery that air and your lungs have to do with your bloods color is very important to the world of science. Now, we know why the blood is bright red when it reaches the surface outside of the body.
In 1615 at the age of 37 Harvey became the Lumleian Lecture specializing in Surgery. William Harvey discovered his finding of the Circulation of Blood by ignoring medical textbooks and dissecting animals. He gained all or most of his learnings from observations of cutting open veins and arteries of living animals. Many people of this modern time thought because there weren’t any anesthetics that Harvey was cruel for cutting open living animals. I think that if it wasn’t for William Harvey and all of his studies and dissections that we wouldn’t be able to learn teach and save as many people as we can today. We as people have learned a lot from the many studies and dissections throughout Harvey’s lifetime. We have learned that blood, arteries, and veins are all within the same origin, blood in the arteries sent to the tissues are not stay there, the body‘s circulation mechanism was designed for the movement of liquid and that blood carrying air is still blood, the heart moves all movements of blood not the liver, hearts contract the same time as the pulse is felt, ventricle’s squeeze blood into main arteries, the pulse is formed by blood being pushed into arteries making them bigger, there are no vessels in the heart’s septum, lastly there is no to in from of blood in the veins there is only
In 1951, the first immortal cell line was created by a doctor at Johns Hopkins Hospital using tissue samples taken from a young, black woman named Henrietta Lacks. Her cells would come to be known as HeLa cells, and for a very long time, the owner of these cells was a mystery; even her family did not know about them. For years to come, her cells would be used in many important medical and scientific advancements. Over that time, HeLa cells would prove to be instrumental in developing a polio vaccine, gene mapping, and in vitro fertilization. They would even be sent to space to see how cells would react in zero gravity.
“Bartleby the Scrivener”, by Herman Melville, is a work of literature with deep seated meaning. In this short story the narrator, who is a lawyer, hires an unusual employee, Bartleby. This man fascinates the lawyer to the point of causing him to excessively accommodate Bartleby, despite loss of profit from these privileges bestowed upon the nonconforming scrivener. Bartleby appears to be a manifestation of Melville’s inner feelings at the time of the writing of the text.
Medieval doctors had quite an understanding of the human anatomy, considering their lack of equipment and knowledge. Most doctors in medieval times were philosophers more than actual medical doctors as most people know them today. Much of the knowledge they did acquire may have only been speculation, but quite a bit of it was due to concentrated observation. Many scientists studied wounds and diseases intensely and one scientist in particular, Empedocles, came to the conclusion that that body consists of four main fluids, or humors. These humors were yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood. If one of these components was out of proportion in the body, disease occurred. The imbalance was called isonomia, an idea which was also proposed by the Greek scientist Empedocles.
In the following essay I will be looking into the study conducted by Watson and Rayner (1920) on a small child known as ‘Little Albert’. The experiment was an adaptation of earlier studies on classical conditioning of stimulus response, one most common by Ivan Pavlov, depicting the conditioning of stimulus response in dogs. Watson and Rayner aimed to teach Albert to become fearful of a placid white rat, via the use of stimulus associations, testing Pavlov’s earlier theory of classical conditioning.
... The next day he awoke to see that the wounded treated with oil were feverish and in pain, while the ones cleaned and dressed were sleeping and doing well.” Boiling oil was no longer used and he also later influenced. Physician William Harvey studied the circulation of blood in 1616 and for the first time he demonstrated the real action of the heart and the course that the blood took through the arteries.
This first form of surgery inspired many cultures and the Renaissance era because of the spark and curiosity of human anatomy, making the medical world today very advanced from years of anatomical studies and research. Not only did the new procedures and experiments quench their curiosity, it also healed people and made their lives more beneficial by raising their life
World War One, in its own time, was the most destructive war Earth itself had ever seen, and this was due to the new technology. “There are two groups of people in warfare – those organized to inflict and those organized to repair wounds – and there is little doubt but that in all wars, and in this one in particular, the former have been better prepared for their jobs.” There were many advancements, disadvantages, and foundations involving medicine in World War I. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 started the war, and things spiraled out of control from there. With there being so many existing alliances with countries all over, almost all of Europe became involved. Eventually two sides emerged which were the Central Powers and the Allies. America had tried to stay out of the war, but when Russia backed out in 1917 America slipped in.
James Patrick Anthony McManus was brought up in a small mining village in Scotland. He graduated as dux of his class and went on to medical school at Edinburgh University. He did his internship in Edinburgh and Cambridge. He then served in the Royal Army Medical Corp as part of his National Service in Germany where he met his beautiful wife, Rachel Chenard. Jim went on to do his medical residency in Edinburgh.
The concept of anatomy, has improved drastically over the past millenniums, thanks to the brilliant minds of such great philosophers, botanists, mathematicians, doctors, scientists, naturists, chemists and even conquistadors. The overall topic of human circulation can be summed up with the help of nine of these great minds, including Galen, Vesalius, Harvey, Withering, Nafis, Servetus, Columbo, da Vinci and Fabrici.
Andreas Vesalius was a Renaissance physician who revolutionized the study of biology and the practice of medicine. He taught anatomy and used human cadavers for his teachings. He also based his observations on dissections he made himself and compiled everything he learned into a book called “On the Fabric of the Human Body”. “After Vesalius, anatomy became a scientific discipline, with far-reaching implications not only for physiology but for all of biology” (Marcel).
In some cases, Penicillin can be the difference between life and death for some people. Having the luxury is dedicated to the discoveries from many scientists, Andrew Moyer and Alexander Fleming, in particular. This medicine has saved the lives of many American soldiers, and the allies as well during the tough times of World War II. The infectious diseases could have killed many without the discovery of penicillin. The discovery of the drug is life changing.
Vesalius main study was anatomy. The only works on anatomy during Vesalius time was the works of Claudius Galen and dominated western medicine. Galen’s work went unchallenged for over a thousand years until Vesalius. Vesalius used human dissection in order to study anatomy. During this time the thought of human dissection was not legal and frowned upon. Vesalius would steal bodies from cemeteries. One of the first bodies he studied was stolen from a hanging. A young medical student at the time he snatched the body and took it home. In his home he dissected his first body. He took apart and then put the skeleton back together and identify every bone. When he challenged what was taught to him people thought he was insane or that the human body had changed. Vesalius had corrected over 200 of Galen’s mistakes. He correctly identified location of all the major organs, nerves and muscles in the human