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Cardiovascular system overview
Cardiovascular system overview
Cardiovascular system overview
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The heart is crucial to all walks of life and although the heart is approximately the size of a fist, it plays a vital role in life. The heart is broken down into four chambers, four valves, and different arteries and veins along with it. The atrium are located on the upper half of the heart, known as the right and left atria. On the bottom half of the heart, the chambers are known as the right and left ventricles. The atria work together simultaneously and then the ventricles will work in a synchronized manner. The atria will contract and then the ventricles will in tandem. Although it seems simple enough, the heart is one extraordinary organ that has a mind of its own. It all starts with the sinoatrial (SA) node in the upper right corner …show more content…
From there the impulse travels along the left and right bundle branches in the septum of the heart all the way to the Purkinje fibers. At this point, the blood has flowed from the atria to the ventricles. The impulse signal in the Purkinje fibers is allowing the apex of the heart to contract. Allowing the apex to contract first allows for the heart to work more efficiently. As soon as the apex contracts, the AV valves close and the walls of the heart begin to contract which pull the papillary muscles. The papillary muscles have chordae tendineae that attach themselves to the atrioventricular valves. These chordae tendineae work to try and prevent AV valve prolapse. When the pressure is great enough in the ventricles to overcome the resting blood on the other side of the arteries, the blood will be pushed out of the ventricles and will be passed through the semilunar valves. The right ventricle pushed blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve, and the left ventricle will push blood through the aortic semilunar valve. When the ventricles have expelled as much blood as they can and the pressure returns to a lower level the heart will begin to relax allowing the semilunar valves to close. Excess blood that does not get pushed along the arteries will remain on the artery side of the semilunar
Ventolin is a brand name of the drug albuterol sulfate HFA, and its generic name is adrenergic bronchodilator. It is mostly taken as an inhalator, but can also be taken as tablets or syrup. It treats the symptoms of bronchospasms.
1.2 & 1.3 Explain The Cardiac Cycle And Describe How The Heart Rate Is Modified According To The Needs Of The Body
The normal Mitral Valve controls blood flow between the upper (left atrium) and lower chamber (left ventricle) of the left side of the heart. The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle, but not flow the other way. With each heartbeat, the atria contract and push blood into the ventricles. The flaps of the mitral and tricuspid valves open to let blood through. Then, the ventricles contract to pump the blood out of the heart. The flaps of the mitral and tricuspid valves close and form a tight seal that prevents blood from flowing back into the atria (nhlbi.nih.gov).
O’Rourke [13] describes the pulse wave shape as: “A sharp upstroke, straight rise to the first systolic peak, and near-exponential pressure decay in the late diastole.” Arteries are compliant structures, which buffer the pressure change resulting from the pumping action of the heart. The arteries function by expanding and absorbing energy during systole (contraction of the cardiac muscle) and release this energy by recoiling during diastole (relaxation of the cardiac muscle). This function produces a smooth pulse wave comprising a sharp rise and gradual decay of the wave as seen in Figure 5. As the arteries age, they become less compliant and do not buffer the pressure change to the full extent. This results in an increase in systolic pressure and a decrease in diastolic pressure.
Cardiomyopathy, by definition, means the weakening of the heart muscle. The heart is operated by a striated muscle that relies on the autonomic nervous system to function. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in four different ways based on what caused the illness and exactly what part of the heart is weakened. The four main types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. One other category of cardiomyopathy that is diagnosed is “unclassified cardiomyopathy.” Unclassified cardiomyopathy is the weakening of the heart that does not fit into the main four categories.
The blood circulates through coronary arteries and then to smaller vessels into cardiac muscle (myocardium). The blood flow is influenced by aortic pressure, which increases in systole, and the pumping activity of the ventricles. When the ventricle contracts, in systole, the coronary vessels are compressed by the contracted myocardium and partly blocked by the open aortic valve therefore the blood flow through the myocardium stops.
of the heart: one chamber is on the top and one chamber is on the
Furthermore, Aristotle and Galen’s theories contributed to the Renaissance revival of heart anatomy. This reawakening made it possible for physicians to indicate the basic arrangement of the heart. It became commonly accepted that the heart was divided into four parts: two ventricles (lower chambers that pump blood out) and two auricles (upper chamber that r...
The heart is one of the most unique organs in the human body. Its capabilities and functions truly are amazing. The heart 's function is to pump blood throughout the body supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues. The heart is the size of your fist and weighs roughly 8-12 ounces depending if you’re male or female. The heart pumps through 100 kilometers of blood vessels for blood that is 3 to 4 times thicker than water at 60 to 80 times minute for a total volume of 5 million liters a year at rest. A basic diagram of the heart includes, right coronary, superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle. There are more in
When your heart beats, the first beat represents the AV valves closing to prevent the backflow of blood into the atrium. The second beat is the semilunar valves opening to allow blood into the aorta or pulmonary trunk.
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
Everyone knows that the heart is a vital organ and we cannot live without it. It is complex and important; therefore it is critical to know how it works. With knowledge about the heart and what is good and bad for it, one can significantly decrease the risk for diseases. Now, the heart has three layers. Endocardium is the smooth inside lining, myocardium id is the middle layer of heart muscle, and it is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the pericardium. The heart is split into four parts; some may call it chamber or rooms. These parts are the: right atrium, the left atrium, the right ventricle, and the left ventricle. The chambers are separated by partition walls known as the septum and each has a one-way valve that prevents blood from flowing backwards.
The heart is two sided and has four chambers and is mostly made up of muscle. The heart’s muscles are different from other muscles in the body because the heart’s muscles cannot become tired, so the muscle is always expanding and contacting. The heart usually beats between 60 and 100 beats per minute. In the right side of the heart, there is low pressure and its job is to send red blood cells. Blood enters the right heart through a chamber which is called right atrium. The right atrium is another word for entry room. Since the atrium is located above the right ventricle, a mixture of gravity and a squeeze pushes tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tricuspid is made up of three things that allow blood to travel from top to bottom in the heart but closes to prevent the blood from backing up in the right atrium.
It is about the size of a person's fist. The heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers are the right artium and left atrium, and the lower two are the right ventricle and left ventricle. Blood is pumped through the chambers, aided by four heart valves. The valves open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction.
The heart is a pump with four chambers made of their own special muscle called cardiac muscle. Its interwoven muscle fibers enable the heart to contract or squeeze together automatically (Colombo 7). It’s about the same size of a fist and weighs some where around two hundred fifty to three hundred fifty grams (Marieb 432). The size of the heart depends on a person’s height and size. The heart wall is enclosed in three layers: superficial epicardium, middle epicardium, and deep epicardium. It is then enclosed in a double-walled sac called the Pericardium. The terms Systole and Diastole refer respectively and literally to the contraction and relaxation periods of heart activity (Marieb 432). While the doctor is taking a patient’s blood pressure, he listens for the contractions and relaxations of the heart. He also listens for them to make sure that they are going in a single rhythm, to make sure that there are no arrhythmias or complications. The heart muscle does not depend on the nervous system. If the nervous s...