Today, we live in a world that is growing in population faster than ever before. In the rapid of change that has engulfed the developing countries by the beginning of the twenty first centuries, one of the most dramatic and fundamental trend is urbanization. No less striking is the tempo of change the four-fold increase in urban population in these countries in a period of thirty years from 50.4 crores in 1970 to 202 crores by 2000 A.D. The urban growth is several times faster in developing countries. In India urbanization has been as rapid and wide spread as in other developing countries. The effects of this urban explosion are dramatically manifested in teeming slums in the centre of the city and mushrooming shanty habitats at its periphery. In most of the cities one fourth to one half of the population lives in poverty and in intense deprivation of their basic needs. Shocking malnutrition is simultaneously a great contributor to and consequence of the urban poverty syndrome.
However, the Studies on urban development have shown that modern urban slums are an outgrowth of limited and distorted industrial and commercial development and that they punctuate almost every city in the world. Countries which have followed the path of development based on privately owned means of production have always ended up with vast area of stink, misery, squalor and degradation for the poor and bulk of middle class inhabitants of their cities. As there is industrial and commercial expansion in cities, people migrate from nearby and far off areas to such cities in search of jobs. Vast bulk of such migrants belongs to the weaker sections of the society having only their labor power to sell. Their contribution to the City’s economy and other servi...
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...oups in greater Hyderabad slums. The SHG’s have been playing a key role for the upliftment of women in various training programs of life skills. The concept of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) is a helpful instrument for the empowerment of women. SHG is an organization of poor, particularly of women that deliver micro-credit to undertake the entrepreneurial activity. The members agree to save small amounts regularly thereby pooling their savings into a common fund and their emergency needs are supported by the common fund on a mutual help basis. The group members use collective wisdom and peer pressure to ensure end-use of credit and timely payment. The objectives of the SHG program are to alleviate poverty, increase sustainability, reduce vulnerability, and improve capacity building and overall development of the women members leading to the holistic empowerment of women.
Mike Davis, in his book Planet of Slums, discusses the Third World and the impact globalization and industrialization has on both urban and poverty-stricken cities. The growth of urbanization has not only grown the middle class wealth, but has also created an urban poor who live side by side in the city of the wealthy. Planet of Slums reveals astonishing facts about the lives of people who live in poverty, and how globalization and the increase of wealth for the urban class only hurts those people, and that the increase of slums every year may eventually lead to the downfall of the earth. “Since 1970 the larger share of world urban population growth has been absorbed by slum communities on the periphery of Third World cities” (Davis 37). Specifically, this “Planet of Slums” Davis discusses both affects and is affected by informal labor and migration, ecological and industrial consequences, and global inequalities, and it seems this trend of urbanization no longer coincides with economic growth, thus reinforcing the notion that the wealth gap only widens, as the rich gain money and the poor lose money.
George Murdock once said that a community is one of the two truly universal units of society organization, the other one being family (Schaefer, 461). We are all part of a community, and in many cases, we are a part of multiple ones. In chapter 20 of our textbook, we are looking at communities and urbanization. It discusses urbanization and how communities originate. It also looks at the different types of communities. Communities are defined as “a spatial or political unit of social organization that gives people a sense of belonging” (Schaefer, 548). It can be based on a place of residence, such as a city, neighborhood, or a particular school district. It could also be based on common identity, such as gays, the homeless, or the deaf.
Factors that led to urbanization in the late 1800s were the attractions of of city (attracted industry) and industry was what people were looking for industry, they were attracted to industry. Most from the south migrated to cities, looking for jobs and excitement. New technology also led to urbanization. On page 621, the first paragraph states, “New technology helped cities grow. Elevated trains carried passengers over crowded streets…
Every neighborhood is subject to change. These changes occur due to many reasons and factors like modernization, technological advancement, social forces etc. Due to these changes new cultures and way of living will be explored while some may be ignored. Gentrification is the process of increasing the rent and housing of a certain neighborhood which leads to displacement of the poor/low income families. Changes take place as people with similar interest and status form a community of higher social status. In this paper, I will discuss gentrification from a point of view that will allow us to see the advantages of it. Gentrification allows a community to be economically successful by expanding the local tax base. Because when property value
Of the many problems affecting urban communities, both locally and abroad, there is one issue in particular, that has been victimizing the impoverished within urban communities for nearly a century; that would be the problem of gentrification. Gentrification is a word used to describe the process by which urban communities are coerced into adopting improvements respective to housing, businesses, and general presentation. Usually hidden behind less abrasive, or less stigmatized terms such as; “urban renewal” or “community revitalization” what the process of gentrification attempts to do, is remove all undesirable elements from a particular community or neighborhood, in favor of commercial and residential enhancements designed to improve both the function and aesthetic appeal of that particular community. The purpose of this paper is to make the reader aware about the significance of process of gentrification and its underlying impact over the community and the community participation.
The government of India has suggested an approach called the MGNREGA for poverty reduction. This program was launched in September 2005 by the central government of India. The major focus of the scheme is that it provides 100 days of paid employment to every household from rural areas. The goal of the act is to increase earnings of the villagers. Adult members of households do a wide range of laborious work which does not require any specific skills. What is more, the program has covered sufficient amounts of slow-developing rural areas of India: 200 – in the first st...
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
In the second chapter of the book "Planet of Slums," Mike Davis seeks to answer what characteristics and types of slums are prevalent in different parts of the world. Davis continues his startled, alarmed, disgruntled and depressing tone from the previous chapter. Overall, the chapter is divided into two parts. The first part attempts to explore and examine the global slum census, and the other part describes the various slum typologies
Urban growth is the upsurge of population in urban areas such as Sydney and Melbourne, resulting in the construction of huge infrastructure. This has a detrimental impact on the environment as it reduces the natural environment that was previously there. These include trees, forests and animals. Urban decline is the decline in population in urban areas. As a result parts of the city can become rundown and unbearable to live in for humans and organisms creating what is known as urban decay.
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
In Ernest W. Burgess’s “The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project,” (1925), the author delves deep into the processes that go into the construction of a modern city or urban environment. Burgess lists its following qualities: skyscrapers, the department store, the newspaper, shopping malls, etc. (p. 154). Burgess also includes social work as being part of a modern urban environment. This is supported by his construction model based on concentric circles that divided Chicago into five zones. The first was called a center loop meant for a business district. Secondly, there was an area for business and light manufacture. Third, there was a “zone for working men’s homes” (p. 156). The fourth is the residential area of high-class apartment buildings. The fifth is where suburban houses are located.
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
On the other hand, urbanization in the developing countries differed from the process of urbanization in the West. In the Third World, throug...
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization.