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Isaac Newton's contributions to astronomy
Sir isaac newton contirbutions
Isaac Newton's contributions to astronomy
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Tycho Brahe was a Danish astronomer who challenged the belief of how the universe was organized. Brahe was born in 1546 his wealthy uncle raised him. He attended universities in Copenhagen and Leipzig. His family wanted him to study law but instead he decided to pursue astronomy. While he was in college he fought another student in a dual over who was the better mathematician. During the dual Brahe lost a large chunk of his nose and wore a prosthetic for the rest of his life. Brahe made the most accurate celestial observations of his time. In 1572, Brahe observed a supernova in the constellation of Cassiopeia also in 1577, he observed a comet. Current theory taught that both were disturbances in the atmosphere. Brahe's precise measurements …show more content…
He imported Augsburg craftsmen to construct the finest astronomical instruments, he persuaded Italian and Dutch artists and architects to design and decorate his observatory, and he invented a pressure system to provide the then uncommon convenience of sanitary lavatory facilities. Brahe's precise measurements laid the foundation for a new understanding of the motion of the planets. That observatory would become the center of astronomical study and discovery in northern Europe. To his earlier observations, particularly his proof that the nova of 1572 was a star, he added a comprehensive study of the solar system and his proof that the orbit of the comet of 1577 lay beyond the Moon. Brahe's discoveries using his simple instruments and talents, remains as outstanding accomplishments of the Renaissance. There was a struggle between Kepler and Brahe's heirs regarding ownership of the data. With that data Kepler laid the groundwork for the work of Sir Isaac Newton. A solar eclipse in 1560 inspired Brahe to become an astronomer. Since then he has discovered things and observed them for many years. He was very influential and important astronomer in that
The earliest member of the Bohrer Family, of which we can locate on records, was a man named Abraham Bohrer. He was born in Germany on December 14, 1717. He had a wife, Anna Lucy Schuster, and four children all by the name of “John.” They boarded an unidentified immigration boat and docked in Baltimore, Maryland on September 11, 1750. His occupation was a farmer and hoped for a better life and in search for religious freedom. He died on October 12, 1759. He was just 42.
During the Genpei War, a young women who name was Tomoe Gozen was a Japanese women Samurai. She was born in 1157 to 1247 and in Japanese standards. She died at the age of ninety-one years old. Tomoe Gozen was one of the few women Samurai legends. She fought alongside her husband, Minamoto no Yoshinaka, then against her cousin Taira. Tomoe Gozen was famous as a swordswomen, a skilled ride, and a superd archer. She was her husband, Minamoto, first captain. Tomoe Gozen at least took one person head off during the battle of Awazu in 1184. Late in the Genpei war was a conflict between two Samari clans, the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan. Both of the families wanted to control the Shogunate. At the end, the Minamoto clan won and then established the Kamakura Shogunate in 1192. After the war, some people say that Tomoe stayed in the fight and died. Others say she rode away and carrying a man’s head. Still others says she married Wada Yoshimori, then she became a nun.
Tycho Brahe is remembered for many things: his golden nose, his ignominious death, and his famous last words. All of these things have gone down in history. However, Tycho Brahe was well-known in his time as a respected and well-paid astronomer. His observations were second to none. He was unsatisfiable and meticulous in his profession, building two of the finest observatories of his time, the second because the first was not up to his own high standards. He is still regarded as one of the best naked-eye observationalists of all time (Burke-Gaffney, 153).
Galileo Galilei, (1564-1642) an Italian mathematician and astronomer, won the respect and admiration of many people of his time because of his inventions. He constructed a military compass, an instrument for measuring the expansion of liquids, and one of the early telescopes with which he discovered Jupiter's satellites, irregularities on the surface of the moon, star clusters in the milky way and spots on the surface of the sun. He was initially skeptical of Copernicus' theory however his observations and experiments affirmed his diagram of the universe. Critics attacked Galilei's findings. They said that his "discoveries" were ridiculous to believe and that it was only is imagination or dreams. Galilei wrote a letter to Dowager Grand Duchess trying to reconcile his astronomical observations with the Bible.
The team of Tycho Brahe and John Keppler were the next to study Copernicus’ theory. Brahe tried to disprove Copernicus’ theory and tried to prove the idea of the earth-centered universe. Although Keppler was Brahe’s assistant, he argued for Copernicus and analyzed Brahe’s data to conclude that the sun was the center of the universe. Keppler also used Brahe’s data to discover the movement of the planet Mars. This was the key to explaining all planetary motion. ii He also discovered the planets move in elliptical orbits, which also went against the beliefs of the church. Kepp...
Astronomy’s beginnings can be considered to go back as far as humankind has looked up at the sky in wonder. A simple question then led to an answer that is still being uncovered today. That question: “What is everything up there?” Two-thousand years later, some questions have been answered. Many still remain. However, the process in which these answers have been obtained has not been simple. Many times throughout history, astronomers have believed the answer was in sight and tenaciously believed the idea, only to discover they were wrong years later. These astronomical fads have held the progress of astronomy, and consequently almost all other branches of science, back for hundreds of years as the truth was sorted out. One of the first examples of this was the model of solar system. Aristotle first reasoned that the Earth was at the center and the sun and planets traveled around it on crystalline spheres (Baron 44). The most distant sphere was black and had many small holes punched in it (Baron 44). Behind that was the light from Heaven which shown through the holes making the stars (Baron 44).
Until 1609 Galileo taught math and made several discoveries in the area of physics. Galileo mathematically described physics and friction as it relates to motion. Galileo also became interested in optics and astronomy. In 1609, Galileo built his first telescope and about a year later. He discovered the Moon, Jupiter’s four largest moons and many new stars. Three of Galileo’s most important works where Letters on Sunspots, The Assayer and Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. Galileo’s Letter’s on Sunspots showed of solar imperfections and described axial rotations. Galileo’s The Assayer showed the nature of scientific investigation through observation and mathematics. One of Gal...
In his book, Repcheck recounts how a Catholic Church cleric invented a highly complicated theory of the heavens’ architecture. Copernicus made a breakthrough by solving a significant astronomical problem. Everybody except the astronomers had earlier accepted Aristotle’s concept that heavenly objects revolved around the earth in perfectly circular orbits. The astronomers were opposed to this notion since their calculations could not work according to it. Repcheck introduces Ptolemy who described a cosmos in which the earth positioned itself somewhat off-center and other heavenly bodies revolved in one circular orbit inside a second ideal circle at changeable speeds. Even though Ptolemy’s model was rather complicated, astronomers found it to be reasonable in their calculations. Astronomers were still using this new concept even 1500 years later. In this regard, the author starts to bring Copernicus into the picture.
Inventor and astronomer Galileo Galilei is one of the most well-known scientists in the history of the world. Galileo has been credited for many astonishing inventions such as the pendulum and the telescope. Through many years of research and studious acts, he discovered behaviors of the universe that still hold true today. Galileo, “the Father of Modern Science”, changed the world.
Galileo used this great invention to report astronomical facts such as the moon is cover with craters instead of being smooth, the Milky Way is composed of millions of stars, and Jupiter have four moons. Perhaps the most famous discovery is the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe (even though he was discredited at the time).
Another important individual who drove history was the Italian astronomer and scientist Galileo Galilei. Galileo discovered something so important that it changed the selfish perspective that humans were the center of the universe and led to the growth of human knowledge. Utilizing mathematics and a telescope he had developed, Galileo observed that the planets revolved around the sun and not the Earth. This was a significant discovery because not only did it contradict what the church had taught, it also showed that the universe was not what it seemed. With this truth uncovered, many people began to fascinate over the universe. This triggered people to begin studying space extensively and eventually lead to present day space exploration. Galileo also left a lasting impression upon many great minds, such as Sir Isaac Newton, who used Galileo's research and theories to further his own studies such as the physical laws, and their properties.
Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer, held a great belief in the importance of empiricism in relation to scientific theories. He was one of the greatest opposer of Copernicusís On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Brahe believed the Copernicus theory was not founded on a sufficient amount of "practice." Charles W. Morris, an author of The Encyclopedia and Unified Science who specialized in Scientific Empiricism, believes that practice is found at the heart of empiricism. Morris defines the importance of practice in scientific theories as: "The activity which gives rise to the sentences of science is, like any other systematic activity proceeding in terms of rules or canons(72)." It was based on these feelings of empiricism that inspired Brahe to, "collect the most accurate astronomical data that have ever been acquired by observation with the naked eye(Kagan331)." Brahe held the common belief among empiricist that, "It is willing and able to admit i...
...e-maker’s on the Pont Neuf in Paris, and four months later there were several in Italy. We know that Thomas Harriot observed the mon with a six-powered spyglass in early August in 1609 but it was Galileo who made the instrument famous. He constructed the first spyglass in June or July of 1609, presented an eight-powered instrument to the Venentian Senate in August, and turned a twenty-powered instrument to the heavens on October or November. With this instument he oberserved the moon, discovered four satellites of Jupiter and resolved nebular patches into stars. This was just the beginning of many discoveries by the telescope.
Over the years, there have been many more important figures in astronomy. One extraordinary astronomer was Galileo Galilei, who invented the first refractor telescope in which light is bent to enlarge an image of the sky (“Galileo Project”). The next great astronomer to follow him was Isaac Newton. Newton had made a great amount of contributions to astronomy during his life. He further proved that the Earth was not the center of the universe and he also invented the Newtonian reflector telescope which is still used today in observatories.
In 1609 the telescope was invented and Galileo began making his own lenses for better telescopes and then started looking at the sky. In December and January (1609-1610) it is said that he made more discoveries that changed the world that anyone has made before or since. He wrote a book called the “Starry Messenger”, and said that there were mountains on the moon, the Milky Way was made up of many stars, and there were small bodies in orbit around Jupiter. He used his mathematical skills to calculate the motions of these bodies around Jupiter. In 1610 he started looking at Saturn and discovered the rings, and the phases of Saturn (just like our moon’s phases).