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critical analysis of thomas more utopia
critical analysis of thomas more utopia
utopia as a social model
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Thomas More’s Impact on Humanism and Socialism
The socialist movement began with the coining of the term in 1832 in France, concurrently with the revolution in England (Birth of the Socialist Idea). Thomas More was born in 1478 and Utopia was published over 300 years before this uprising, yet there is much parallelism in Thomas More’s humanism and the socialism that is moderately practiced throughout the world. DEFINITION OF HUMANISM (ENGLISH BOOK), whereas socialism is a societal and governmental system based on equality and social justice that requires government intervention in economic affairs (Socialism). This is where the differences end. Although socialism was not defined as an ideology, Thomas More’s lifestyle, along with the values, norms, and laws implemented in the fabricated culture of Utopia, coincide with aspects of socialism, illustrating the progression of humanism into socialism by the subliminal visionary on the humanist movement.
More’s life portrays inadvertent correlations to socialist characteristics. One trait of socialism is adhering to non-violent restraint (Democratic Socialism). More displays this in his well-formed, diplomatic defense on his trial of refusing to acknowledge King Henry VIII’s declaration of supremacy of the Church of England (Utopia & Utopian Literature). This is a representation of peaceful restraint that was incorporated into More’s life; because of his strong religious background, he does not believe in warfare and the better way to prove him is through facts and educated arguments. Another aspect of socialism is the emphasis on the working class (Democratic Socialism). More exemplifies this when he became a patron of the poor after his father was thrown in jail (Jokinen). This s...
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...Literature: Sir Thomas More Biography: Life of Sir Thomas More - CliffsNotes." Get Homework Help with CliffsNotes Study Guides - CliffsNotes. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. .
Jokinen, Anniina. "The Life of Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) [Biography for the Tudor Writer, Statesman, Philosopher, and Advisor to King Henry VIII]." Luminarium: Anthology of English Literature. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. .
Loughran, Hugh. "Catholic Insight : Saints : Thomas More and John Fisher: Declared Saints Seventy Years Ago." Catholic Insight Home. July & Aug. 2005. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. .
More, Thomas. Utopia. Trans. Clarence H. Miller. Yale UP, 2001. Print.
Utopia is a term invented by Sir Thomas More in 1515. However, he traces the root two Greek words outopia and eutopia which means a place does not exist and a fantasy, invention. It is widely accepted that Plato was to first to picture a utopian order. In his masterpiece, “Republic”, he formed the principles of ideal commonsense and his utopia (Hertzler, 1922:7). After the classical age, Sir Thomas More assumed to be the first of the utopian writers in early modern period. As a humanist, he gave the world in his “Utopia” a vision of a perfect communistic commonwealth (the history of utopian thought). Utopia’s influence on contemporary and rival scholars is so deep that it has given its name to whole class of literature. Following the appearance of More’s Utopia, there was a lack of Utopian literature for nearly a century (Hertzler, 1922:7). This period ended with the works of Francis Bacon, Campanelle and Harrington. These early modern utopians, being the children of Renaissance, filled with a love of knowledge and high respect for the newly truths of science. Thus, they believed that the common attainment of knowledge means the largest participation of all members of society in its joys and benefits. After the period of early Utopians, continuation of a sprit of French Revolution and initial signs of industrial revolution resulted in the emergence of a new group of Utopians called Socialist Utopians (Hertzler, 1922: 181). The word “Socialism” seems to have been first used by one of the leading Utopian Socialists, St Simon. In politics utopia is a desire that never come true neither now nor afterwards, a wish that is not based on social forces (material conditions and production) and is not supported by the growth and development of political, class forces. This paper discusses the validity of this claim, tries to present and evaluate the political reforms, if any, offered by Socialist Utopians.
Socialism as defined by the parameters of the post revolution into the pre industrial period was the nearly universally marked by the race to empower the working class. Yet, within this broad definition of socialism, Karl Marx, Gracchus Babeuf, and Robert Owen differ in their views of a utopian society and how it should be formed. It was to be their difference in tradition that caused their break from it to manifest in different forms. Although they had their differences in procedure and motive, these three thinkers formed a paradigm shift that would ignite class struggle and set in motion historical revolutions into the present. Within their views of a utopian community, these men grappled with the very virtues of humanity: greed versus optimism.
Comparing Margaret Cavendish’s The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World and Sir Thomas More’s Utopia
Thomas More is a great person and a staunch Catholic. In his heart, he knows what kind of friends he wants, a simple man who asks for nothing and just stand by his side. Not the person who has great power like Henry VIII, not the person who respects him like Rich Richard, not the person who asks him to give in for their friendship like Norfolk; A person who stays with him like a family member. However, all the people want to be friend with him in this book want something from him. They don’t really understand the meaning of friends, and they could never be true friends with Thomas More.
Sir Thomas More wrote this story exactly in the time when Europe was religiously being torn apart by conflicts and revolutions such as the reformation, that caused “the separation of the Christians of western Europe into Catholics and Protestant” (khanacademy). Religion as a whole was as a consequence, an important and hot topic to discuss at the time considering all that is going on. I wonder why Hythloday spent so much time and effort discussing that matter with the narrator. It was rather dangerous to talk too controversially about religion during that period. The Author, by expressing himself through a fictional monotheist but laic polity in which the inhabitants all believe in a single Power, God and governed by specific moral code laws
Thomas More was a very respected individual, theologian, and statesman around the time of King Henry VIII. King Henry appointed Thomas the Lord Chancellor of England as well as Wales in 1529 in order to replace Thomas Wolsey who did not see eye to eye with King Henry. The primary influence on Sir Thomas’s thoughts and actions was his humanist catholic faith while working tirelessly to restore christendom and was a devout catholic much like King Henry. Sir Thomas was one of the most honored people in England along with Wales at the time: Without a doubt the most respected statesman then, and possibly the most respected statesman of all time.
In order to maintain a society free of social inequality both authors set up a civilization based on strict societal structure. In More’s Utopia, a system was set up so that all work was completed.
George Gilliam Marx/More Comparative Essay English 215 In both Thomas More’s Utopia and Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto, we see the authors portray two different visions of an improved reality in which all citizens are on an equal plane with one another. Both works stem from the authors’ own grievances regarding the ‘status quo’, and seek to provoke serious thought and (in Marx’s case) action about the existing state of affairs in their respective times. The context of both of these works is quite important when considering the substance of Utopia and the Communist Manifesto – Thomas More lived in a time when Europe’s government was based on of Feudalism, meaning royal families and rich nobles had the overwhelming majority of power. Marx lived during the Industrial Revolution, when class antagonisms became rather aggressive due to the major gap between rich and poor (Bourgeois and Proletariat) as a result of the greater need for a large number of workers and the subsequent wealthy minority. Utopia and the Communist Manifesto are similar in the way that they propose or at least stir visions of major changes in ideology, but both have a number of key differences as well. More’s Utopia is more like a fictional story on the surface, but of course there is a great deal of depth to this piece of literature. Utopia is set mainly as a conversation between three men: More, Hythloday, and Giles. Hythloday is arguably the most significant character in this story, as he is the one relaying all of the information about the land of Utopia to More. Hythloday went on many explorations with Amerigo Vespucci, and came across the island “Utopia” in his travels – there he had the opportunity to act almost like an anthropologist, observing and studyin...
Thomas More deals with a lot of pressures and stress that come from his family and friends.
In Robert Bolt’s, “A man for all seasons”, Sir Thomas More did not die in vain. He stayed true to himself. More achieved more in the end because he didn’t let death worry him. His last words illustrate this “His will not refuse one who is so blithe to go” (pg. 99). More understood that he was in line with his beliefs. More fought for what he believed in and refused to be molded into something that he wasn’t. He knew that by dying, he would be proving a point to the public and let it be known that Cromwell had set him up.
Thomas More was born in London in 1478. He studied at Oxford where he took a profound love of classical literature. In Utopia, More shows his own skills in humanism. In this story, modeled after Plato's Republic, More examines his culture against a hypothetical culture he invents. His Utopia varies greatly from both his society and our society today. Four ways Utopia differs from our society are social system, attitude towards jewelry, marriage customs, and religion.
Utopia is a reflection of More’s thoughts, feelings and opinions on politics and society at the time. While it may appear that Utopia is a representation of More’s ideal society and world, only some aspects are supported and agreed upon by More. He generally opposes and objects to certain trends of the Utopian society which he feels are ‘ridiculous.’ Despite this More still provides a comment on the social standards, ethics, operations and functions of the time. In doing this he presents his passion of ideas and art.
To understand the relationship, the two books must be contextualized. An important part of contextualization is to understand the role of Plato in both the period of Humanism and, within that, in the life of Thomas More. On the one hand, More, like many of his counterparts of the period, "had enjoyed good humanist [education] and retained a powerful love of classical literature" (Rice 141). To further complicate matters, though, although he was a politician, he was also a devout Christian who "secretly wore a hairshirt until the day before he died" (Turner/More 14). More specifically, More was a devout Catholic who was executed because he refused to take an oath swearing loyalty to Henry VIII, after the split of the Church of England, over the pope. His religiosity makes some of the differences between the Republic and Utopia more understandable.
Sir Thomas More was a character who was faced with a number of difficult choices. The major one being, when Henry VIII's first wife was unable to produce an heir to the throne, he used that as an excuse for the pope to grant him a divorce, so he could marry a new wife. The King is backed by everyone on this request except the highly regarded and religious Sir Thomas More. When the old Chancellor of England, named More his successor, it became important for Henry to get More's support, but More could not be swayed. He made his decision to oppose the marriage early on, but even though it was something he did not waver from, he still had trouble with it. More made a very difficult decision in opposing the King and his family, but regardless of the consequences, he felt that he was morally correct and for him to choose any other path would have been impossible for he could not oppose the church and God.
Sir Tomas More’s Utopia indirectly criticizes fifteen hundredth European catholic society of corruption, violence, poverty and of inequality. As a lord chancellor to Henry VIII, Thomas More was well aware of these problems and wrote a satire to propose his awareness in a carful manner, as we can see his hesitation to publish the book on his letter to Peter Giles especially when he described his “two minds” (More, 8). To criticize the problems of his times on a safe platform, he created a fictional character Raphael Hythloday, who is wise and knowledgeable of new places from the sailing experience with Amerigo Vespucci. This not only reflects the times in which people stepped out their voyages to the New World but also provides a foil to the European society—the