Thomas Hunt Morgan was an influential biologist and embryologist. Over the course of his career, Morgan published twenty-two books and over three hundred fifty different journal articles. He is most well-known for his work with the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. He determined that genes, coding for certain observable differences in phenotype or appearance, were carried on chromosomes, making chromosomes, and not cytoplasm, the mechanical basis of heredity. His observations in his Fly Room at Columbia University were some of the most significant of the twentieth century, as his work laid the foundations for the modern science of genetics
Morgan was born in 1866 in Lexington, Kentucky to Charlton Hunt Morgan and Ellen Key Howard Morgan. He received his Bachelor of Science in 1886 from the University of Kentucky. While there, he took an interest in natural history. In 1890, he received his Ph.D. from John Hopkins University for zoology with a focus on developmental biology. He wrote his thesis on pycnogonids, a species of specialized marine arthropod. Morgan spent several
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It was at Columbia University that he stablished the Fly Room. Drosophila melanogaster is a small fruit fly. They are easy to cultivate and have a regeneration time of about twelve days, making them ideal for laboratory use. The male and female flies are also relatively easy to distinguish and only have four pairs of chromosomes. For such reasons, Drosophila is often used as a model organism in the study of genetics. Morgan did not start working seriously with flies until 1907. He was looking for evidence of mutation, an observed deviation from the norm, as had been described by biologist Hugo de Vries in flowering plants. He had a breakthrough in April of 1910 when instead of viewing the vermillion eyes of the wild type Drosophila, he observed a male fly with a white-eyed
John Jay was born in New York City on December 12, 1745 and was a self devoted leader that help the United States get to where it is today. He served a very important role in the Founding Fathers establishment as well as bringing overall greatness to the country. He devoted himself to the American Revolution as well as becoming the first Chief Justice of the United States. Serving in the Continental Congress, and becoming president of the congress gave him great power and confidence within himself.
"Charles Darwin: The Father of Evolution." Darwin1. University of Missouri, n.d. Web. 04 May 2014.
Julian of Norwich was raised up at St. Julian’s church and lived as an anchoress. In 1373, Julian of Norwich received a serious of visions when she was seriously sick and she would write down these visons which became known as the Shewings or Revelations of Divine Love. Julian of Norwich is the most spiritual and blessed person to live in the fourteenth through the beginning of the fifteenth century because she begs three gifts from God, she is constantly praising God for his unconditional love towards everything, and she wants other people to receive God’s grace better than she did. The three points are the most crucial beliefs to prove that Julian of Norwich was the most spiritual and blessed person to have lived in over half of the fourteenth
Poet, journalist, essayist, and novelist Richard Wright developed from an uneducated Southerner to one of the most cosmopolitan, politically active writers in American literature. In many of Richard Wright's works, he exemplifies his own life and proves to “white” America that African American literature should be taken seriously. Before Wright, “white” America failed to acknowledge the role African American writing played in shaping American culture. It was shocking in itself that an African American could write at all. Thus, Richard Wright is well known as the father of African American literature mainly because of his ability to challenge the literary stereotypes given to African Americans.
“If there is any period one would desire to be born in, is it not the age of Revolution; when the old and the new stand side by side...when the glories of the old can be compensated by the rich possibilities of the new era? This time...is a very good one.”
Drosophila is a small fruit fly, it is about 3mm long. This insect is a model organism most commonly used in developmental biology and genetics. The Drosophila fruit flies are especially suited in experiments because of their short life cycle which consist of two weeks; they easily reproduce many offspring, and are also cheap1. The drosophila contains four chromosomes that can easily be experimented on, which allows in-depth observation. In this experiment, Drosophila melanogaster were used to identify the properties of Mendelian inheritance. The Law of Segregation states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation and randomly unite during fertilization and is carried by every individual. The Law of Independent Assortment states that each parent randomly passes on alleles to their offspring. Although, the Law of Independent assortment does not take in account the patters of sex-linked inheritance.
“If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind” (Mill, 2002, pg.14) John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher of the 19th century, and said to be one of the most influential thinkers in the areas regarding social theory, political theory, and political economy had strong views regarding free speech. In his following quote, he states that if all mankind had an opinion or an action, and another individual had a different opinion, mankind would not be justified in silencing that one individual just like that one individual, if given the power to do so, would not be justified in silencing all of mankind. Mill’s argument is that every individual has value, meaning, and power within their opinions and that we should not be the ones to stop them from having the right to state their opinion. Their actions and who they are as a person should not be silenced. In the spirit of the greater good of mankind and freedom of expression, one must have the right to liberty and free expression without being silenced and the right to one’s own freedom.
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an autobiography of Frederick Douglass which depicts the hardships and abuse he witnessed and felt as a slave, gives the reader insight into what it was like to be a slave in America. The type of slavery Frederick Douglass endured as an in-house slave for many years in Maryland was not as harsh or difficult as being a slave in another state such as Tennessee which is farther away from the North, or on a different plantation being used as a field hand. Frederick Douglass had the luxury of living in the city for a while, where “a slave is almost a freeman, compared with those on a plantation” and where “there is a vestige of decency” and “a sense of shame” which makes the city slave owners kinder, since they do not want to seem like an unkind slave owner to their non-slave owner neighbors. Even with this fact in mind, the reader is still able to understand the types of punishments that occurred, how the slaves were treated, and what it was like to live life as a slave because of the detail that Frederick Douglass writes in his book about the experiences he went through all those years that he was a slave and what it was like to become a free man.
Giovanni and Aylmer demonstrate manipulation of authority over women in order to pursue their unhealthy infatuation with scientific experimentation. The capability to exercise this desire while controlling another human’s life threatens the Romantic ideal of love for the natural world.
Mark Twain is one of the major authors of American fiction and is widely considered American Literature’s greatest humorist. Mark Twain’s work is the basis for all American Literature we know today. Even though many of his works were banned in schools and libraries because of his repeated use of satire to bash society, his work still stands as the backbone for modern American Literature. His use of misspelled words to help emphasize the characters dialect changed the world of writing to make it more immersive and realistic. Mark Twain published a variety of works including novels, travel narratives, short stories, sketches and essays; all in which he conveyed the idea of faith in emotion, and man’s connection with nature and he expressed these ideas through the medium of writing to recapture the ecstasy of exploration and discovery and inspired many other writers in the Romantic Period.
When Mendel’s research was rediscovered in the early 20th century, many geneticists believed that his laws of inheritance conflicted with Darwin’s theory of natural selection.
The idea of the project was to experiment breeding Drosophila Melanogaster (fruit fly) to figure out if certain genes of that species were sex linked or not (autosomal). A mono-hybrid cross and di-hybrid cross was performed. For the mono-hybrid cross, white eyed female and red eyed male were placed in one vial for them to reproduce. For the di-hybrid cross, red eyed and normal winged flies and sepia eyed and vestigial winged flies were placed in their vial to reproduce. In the mono-hybrid cross the results expected were within a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Expected results similar to the expected desired null hypothesis proposed with what the F1 parental generation breeds. The potential results would have had to have been within the ratios of 9:3:3:1. The results were clear and allowed the null hypothesis to be correct. The white eyed gene in the fruit flies is sex linked. Sepia eyes and vestigial wings are not sex linked and are examples of independent assortment.
John Pierpont Morgan was born on April 17, 1837 in Hartford, Connecticut. He was nicknamed "Pip" by his childhood friends. The family prospered in Hartford until Junius moved the family to Boston where Pip began Boston English High. He did well in the prestigious high school and then in his second high school in Vevey, Switzerland. The family moved to London and John transferred to the University of Gottingen in Germany. John continued to excel in his studies and majored in mathematics. He began to become interested in business affairs as he started and investing club amongst his friends and...
"The discovery of the structure by Crick and Watson, with all its biological implications, has been one of the major scientific events of this century." (Bragg, The Double Helix, p1) In the story of The Double Helix, James Watson tells of the road that led to the discovery of life's basic building block-DNA. This autobiography gives insight into science and the workings within a professional research laboratory that few members of society will ever be able to experience. It also gives the reader an idea of the reality of life for one scientist and how he struggled with the problem of DNA. However, the author's style is marked by his lack of objectivity and inclusion of many biased opinions and personal prejudices.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, known for his use of allegory and symbolism, is now one of the most studied authors. He became famous for his novels and short stories that revealed the portrayal he had of the world. His works have been properly recognized for more than a century. Hawthorne’s perspective of life comes from his history that gave him a sense of inherited guilt. Even with the setbacks during his journey to success, Hawthorne managed to surpass them and become the wonderful writer he is known to be.