Thermistor Investigation
Aim:
For this experiment I am going to investigate the variation of the
resistance of a thermistor with different temperatures. The resistance
will be tested at approximately every 10 degrees, with a range from 80
C down to 30 C, and these results will be recorded. After recording
the results, the experiment will be repeated at a total of 3 times,
this is so we can get an average that should be correct and accurate.
Scientific Knowledge:
Thermistors are thermally sensitive resistors and have, according to
type, a negative (NTC), or positive (PTC) resistance/temperature
coefficient. A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance
changes significantly when its temperature changes.
A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor has a resistance
that decreases with increase of temperature.
A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor has a resistance
that increases with increase of temperature.
NTC thermistors are temperature dependant semiconductor resistors.
When the temperature of a semiconductor is increased, the number of
charge carriers increases as more valence electrons gain sufficient
energy to break free from atoms to become conduction electrons. The
number of charge carriers increases as the temperature is increased so
the resistance of the semiconductor falls.
A thermistor is used to sense the alterations in temperature. It does
this by altering its resistance, but not in proportion to the change
of temperature. When the temperature increases the resistance of the
thermistor drops, but not linearly. This is due to electrons in the
thermistor gaining more energy because of the temperature increase.
They then gain more kinetic energy i.e. a lot of movement, due to the
temperature increase. When the electrons have more energy they are
then more free to move. With more movement, conduction in the
thermistor is easier as the electrons that would have been in the way
of the flowing current are now able to contribute to the current. So
if the temperature decreases, the opposite happens and the resistance
will increase.
Thermistors are used in temperature sensors and digital thermometers
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