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Basic concept of geography
Geography and its basic concepts
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INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
Geoffrey West talked about the expansion of urbanization at a very fast rate and projected that by the next 50 years the planet will be dominated by cities.
West pointed out the negative and positive aspects of the urbanization. On the negative aspect, West said that cities are the source and beginning of global warming, pollution, diseases, financial and economic problems, energy shortages etc. The challenge of sustainability also originates from the very fast urbanization across the planet. Accordingly, in the 1800s, the urban population of the United States only accounts to less than 4%; in the year 2006, more than 50% of the world’s population was believed to be urbanized; while it is projected that by the year
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It’s the first time that I came across a theory that compares urbanization with biology. All indicators of cities and organisms that West presented seems to look pretty the same, they all follow a sublinear path when plotted in the graph. The mere thought of the idea presented by West made me believe again that out-of-the-box thinking is genius thinking. In reality, the idea of West seems to be true. Wherever we apply it, we will always end up following the destined 15% rule. At some point, our works will become obsolete, our ideas will render itself useless, and anything that we can think of will become old and will eventually fade if we will not innovate and think of new ideas for us to sustain and continuously enjoy the success of everything we create. West have made a lot of researches in order to come up with this theory, he has presented a tremendous amount of data and analysed it to support his claims on the cities life cycle and interventions to save it from collapsing. Overall, this is a well done research and I admire Geoffrey West and his colleagues for coming up for a beautifully crafted …show more content…
First, both life and cities are dominated by non-linear (universal) ¼ - power scaling; Second, they both observe an extraordinary economies of scale (the bigger you are, the less you need per capita); third, the pace of life systematically slows with increasing size; fourth, growth is sigmoidal reaching a stable size at maturity; and lastly, both life and cites depends on Networks.
All humans die, all cities and companies are destined to collapse and die. But with the result of this theory we can now save the cities and companies from resorting to its natural death. The answer is innovation. When we grow companies and cities, we should not stop thinking of new ideas and approaches so that we can prevent them from collapsing and we can sustain growth and progress.
Development management works on the same platform as the theory of Geoffrey West. Development Managers create ways to continuously improve our lives by sustainability improving all factors that makes us live and survive. But our innovations in development will soon fade and die, but before it happens we should continuously educate and push ourselves to create new innovations and have it ready for deployment when we reach that peak of
Reading the article “City Solution” introduce students to previous solution to urbanization. Greenbelt are said to be like a ring of green space that prevent the growth of a city. The original idea derived from Ebenezer Howard who saw the negative side of urbanization and come up with a theory to migrate people to the rural area and resist the dispersion of poorly managed urbanization. Howard’s original idea was to prevent the city from overcrowding and provide the city with more greens. At present, even though urbanization continue to grow, human are reacting to it with a new dimension and put more thoughts in planning the city to prevent Howard’s horror from his living in London during the 20th century.
Reshaping Metropolitan America provides an outlook of the next fifteen years for infrastructure development in the United States. Nearly two-thirds of the buildings that will be necessary to handle the projected half billion residents of the Untied States by 2030 are not built yet. We also need to reshape our cities to handle the inversion trend; families and the next generation want to move back and live near downtown. Richard C. Nelson, the author, supports this population shift but does not strongly support it. Instead of trying to create room and additional infrastructure in downtown areas, Nelson believes that metropolitan areas should start to urbanize its suburbs to accommodate desired urban living. The American population is also changing
The new problems created by the urbanization in superstar cities is what Richard Florida now calls the New Urban Crisis. In this essay, I will provide a brief summary of the book The New Urban Crisis and show how the book is largely U.S-centric which provides a one-directional argument for solving the new urban crisis of superstar cities across the globe. I will also analyze the author’s arguments to uncover any other inconsistencies that might arise while reading the book.
The title of the novel, North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell reinforces the idea of the conflicts that surround urbanisation as the north (Milton) represents industrialisation and all things new while the south (Helstone) encompasses urban living and the past. This essay aims to discuss the different layers of conflict between the north and the south and how the novel may be read as both an industrial novel and a romance novel. This essay aims to discuss how the novel tackles the conflicts in society which eventually leads to the romantic interests of the novel representing a connection between the two worlds of the past and the present.
One thing that can lead to the uprise of a city is the ability to “attract people and enable them to collaborate” (Document 3). The reason this would help a city thrive is because when people are making inventions to make the city more efficient, life in the city becomes more enjoyable and then it improves the economy of the city. Another thing that helps cities thrive is a good education system (Document 3). The reason this helps is because when people in the city are well educated, then they are able to come up with better ideas to help the city become a better place and improve living conditions there, which would make for a more successful city. One thing that could cause the decline of a city would be “leaving empty houses for sale” (Document 4). This is because it lowers the economy of the city and other prices of homes which will impact the city in a negative way. This also may cause people to move out of the city. Another thing that could cause the decline of a city would be something called the “edifice complex”, where the city thinks that “new office buildings and sports arenas and transport systems will help the city thrive” (3). The reason this does not help the city is because when there are just buildings sitting around not being occupied, they lose value and
George Murdock once said that a community is one of the two truly universal units of society organization, the other one being family (Schaefer, 461). We are all part of a community, and in many cases, we are a part of multiple ones. In chapter 20 of our textbook, we are looking at communities and urbanization. It discusses urbanization and how communities originate. It also looks at the different types of communities. Communities are defined as “a spatial or political unit of social organization that gives people a sense of belonging” (Schaefer, 548). It can be based on a place of residence, such as a city, neighborhood, or a particular school district. It could also be based on common identity, such as gays, the homeless, or the deaf.
Wilson describes it as a “theory of community disorganization”. (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011, Pages 320) If you look at a building that is abandoned or run down you will notice that the property seems to have no proper control or guardian to it. Without control, the community ultimately ends up taking over this property. Having a building or area that is free to use with no consequences allows for criminal activity to take place. If these areas are fixed in order to allow for a new, better functions to the city, people respect the new and do not destroy it. Even if the buildings are fixed but not maintained, it will revert back to chaos (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 2011, Pages
Finally, this paper will explore the “end product” that exists today through the works of the various authors outlined in this course and explain how Los Angeles has survived many decades of evolution, breaking new grounds and serving as the catalyst for an urban metropolis.
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
In this section, he explained how the technology catalysis the process of deforestation and urban displacement of nature. Today heavy industrial demand for wood are all factors that contributed to the urban displacement of nature.
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
... architectures would led to a more organic organization beneficial to the people that choose to make their lives in this city. Although this model of a sustainable city is not a perfectly closed loop, it lays the foundation for one that is. Over time, with constantly evolving and improving technology and new methods of design from the scale of products to buildings, the gaps in the loop could be closed, and a “true” sustainable city could be fully realized.
Nowadays, more than half of the world population lives in cities. Urban populations consume 75% of the world 's natural resources and generate 75% of waste. Cities have become consumers of enormous amounts of natural resources and generating massive environmental
Urbanization occurs naturally from individual and corporate efforts to cut time and cost in commuting and transportation while improving opportunities for jobs, education, housing, and transportation. Living in cities allows individuals and families to take advantage of the opportunities of proximity, diversity, and marketplace competition. People began moving into cities to seek economic opportunities.
Sassen, S. "The Global City: introducing a Concept." Brown Journal of World Affairs. 11.2 (2005): 40. Print.