Theories Of Human Development And Behaviour

This essay will explain the theories and approaches of human development and behaviour. The developmental psychology is identified by critical period, where types of learning are the main factor for future development. This essay will look at the social and environment values which influencing people cognitive development (Burton 2013). The two theories of cognitive development will be discussed and explained using the examples from the reflection. A critical notes of developmental psychology for nursing practice, according to Tanner’s model of clinical judgement will be given. These concepts are presented to support the understanding of developmental psychology for nursing practice (Tanner 2006).

ANSWER 1

Social development has a significant

Piaget refused to admit that infants and pre-schooler are capable of solving problems and have the ability to think abstractly. In contrast with Vygotsky’s theory, children are in control of themselves and able to response problems with their instinct. Vygotsky mentioned about Zone of Proximal Development where children are responsible for themselves (independent learning) and when children are given supports from expert to develop their performance (Rochester 2015). Vygotsky believes that strong language skills are decisive to perceive adults conversation. Vygotsky’s theory explains that children are easily influenced by others, which is called internalization. In this process, children are looking at the example that are given from someone who is older (Slavin 2009). As stated in the reflection, Piaget’s theory is less applicable compare to Vygotsky’s theory. As I experienced myself that cognitive development is not at “one” stage or another, but depends on the surrounding environment. I had an experience where I have to put myself one stage ahead to be able to blend into the new environment. Family and friends are very influential in cognitive development. As I involved, when I was in primary school I used to look at my parents as a figure or an example. My mother used to apply cosmetic before she leaves the house, it was a

Both Piaget’s and Vygotsky theories are admitted that teacher’s role is to facilitate and give guidance instead of giving the command to children itself. Questioning and answering method is being used and forms of teaching are given in both theory. The educational implications of Piaget’s theory are focusing on the concept of relevant education, like materials, curriculum, and instructions. According to Piaget’s theory in the classroom, students are given a simple practice skills to a complex technique. The educator is also recommended to provide wide range of experiences to develop student concept of learning. The teacher needs to allocate student into various division according to the educational progress in terms of every individual’s earlier course of development. The classroom environment should be supportive enough to embolden student to explore them through unplanned interaction (Slavin 2009). On the other hand, the main educational implications of the Vygotsky theory are scaffolding and co-operative learning. Vygotsky’s theories are more focusing on indirect instructions and child’s independent learning. Vygotsky promotes the idea of scaffolding where clarifying, modelling behaviours, and providing feedback for students can influence the student’s performance. Expert, self, and peer are identified as the agents of