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Viking history and culture
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Viking history and culture
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The Vikings were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse Language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central and eastern Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries. Vikings were not what most people say they were, they're are a lot of myths about them. In this research paper I will cover the facts and myths, their religion, everyday life, and exploration. The Vikings lived in what is now Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. The Vikings are quite the opposite of what people think. They didn't wear horned helmets contrary to popular belief. They didn't spend all their time raiding; they actually spent most of their time farming. Due to the lack of food they weren't big and …show more content…
Vikings actually spent most of their time farming. Food wasn't plentiful at the time of the Vikings so they weren't the giants like most believe. When the Vikings began raiding they targeted small villages and monasteries. Over time they began targeting bigger villages and built bases where they could store loot and rest in between raids. Many of the villages along the ocean feared they would be raided and often were. But eventually the Vikings made exploration their main focus. One strange thing the Vikings did was that they would boil a type of fungus and urine for three days and it became a fire starter like modern day lighter fluid. The Vikings explored long before most countries started. They discovered Greenland, Iceland, and parts of Canada and America. It is believed they were the actual first people to discover America. The Vikings set up colonies in Greenland and Iceland. The Vikings encountered Native Americans in their journeys. They described them as weird people. Only few Vikings stayed in Iceland and Greenland, many return to their home lands.The main explorers for the Vikings were Leif Erickson, Thorfinn Karlsefini, Erik the Red, and many
Christopher Columbus discovered the America’s for Spain in 1492. The explorers and settlers that settled in Central and South America were mostly Spanish and Portuguese. The English took notice of the Spanish success in the America’s, so they decided to explore the upper part of the America’s, North America, in the late 1500’s.
The vikings first made contact in eighth century Shetland. From there they made their way south to Orkney and Caithness, eventual...
The Vikings are famous for their violent ways when they pillaged and plundered villages of Northern Europe. Their dramatic exploits commenced during 800 – 1050 A.D, The first being the raid on Lindisfarne Monastery in 793, followed by a chain of attacks all over the coast of northern Europe during the next 200 years. As the years went on the frequency of Viking attacks increased as they became bolder. They were opportunists, raiding when the villages were off–guard or weak and trading when they were powerful. The speed and tactical advantage of the Viking longships allowed them to slip quietly ashore, pillage the village and make a fast getaway via water before the village can summon an army. By this time some Viking plunderers would stay over winter in a village. Soon their raiding camps became settlements and Viking control over Europe began to grow, it was not long before Vikings overran most of England.
Inside these tribes was the great tale of the warrior Beowulf. Beowulf was considered to be the greatest warrior from that century. In "Beowulf", they say that "he had the strength of 30 men in each hand". These stories were made up by the Vikings as almost a tale to tell near a camp fire after a great raid or pillage. When the warriors would come back from battle they needed some type of entertainment to keep them at bay with their senses.
The Vikings are had arrived in North America. The Vikings were in North America about 10 years (Weiner 4). They settled and made a life for themselves in North America. They had learned to adjust to the weather to survive for all those years. The Vikings were the first Europeans and Christians to come to North America (Steel 2). The Vikings explored North American waters for partners to trade with (Pringle 4). The Vikings wanted
Many people think that Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot in America, but this conventional belief is wrong; Leif Erikson, a Norse explorer set foot in Newfoundland almost 500 years before Columbus was even born. This paper will cover everything about Leif Erikson’s life including his grandfather’s banishment from Norway, and Leif’s father’s exile from Iceland. Leif Erikson’s early life, his family, and his visit to Norway to serve under the king. The first recorded European to see North America, Bjarni Herjólfsson, and Leif Erikson’s voyage to America. This paper is also going to talk about Leif Erikson’s brother, Thorvald Erikson’s voyage to Vinland because his tale is interesting. Near the end of this research paper, it will have a paragraph on Leif Erikson’s later life. Finally at the end of this paper it is going to talk about the unknown reason why no other Europeans sailed to Vinland, and Leif’s impact on modern day North America.
Leif Erickson. You may not know him, but he was the founder of America. He was a viking, one of the only ones to step foot on the North American continent. I know, you were taught that Christopher Columbus discovered America. Well you were taught wrong. People can argue this but there is actually a Leif Erikson day. October 9th.
Leif’s most well-known voyage, which included his visit to North America, began with a discovery made by another Viking by the name of Biarni Heriulfsson. On his way to visit Leif’s father, Biarni and his men sailed past a new land. Biarni refused to set foot on this foreign land because it was flat and wooded, very unlike the icy mountains he had been expecting to find in Greenland. When Biarni met with Eric the Red, he described what he saw on his journey
The Vikings were a group of seafaring, Scandinavian raiders that controlled Northern Europe from circa eighth century to the eleventh century. Infamously known for their terrorizing of towns, they plundered areas throughout England and the Frankish Empire, and eventually colonized in Greenland. Popular images portray the Vikings as a barbaric, uncivilized bunch with an unsatisfiable thirst for blood. However, after thorough research, I have come to find that they were explorers, farmers, and skilled laborers that invaded European towns in search of land to cultivate, as well as means of income and expansion. The earliest recorded Viking targets were often monasteries because they were relatively isolated, undefended, and filled with treasure.
...sts Today by modern Scandinavians. This contact extended with the Thule people (Eskimos / Inuits) across the North where the Norse traveled all the way to the New World, which the Norse referred to as Vinland.
Typically, the image of a Viking is a barbaric, bearded man plundering and destroying a neighboring village. This is actually the stereotypical viewpoint. In actuality, Vikings, have a very different image. For example, Vikings did not wear furry boots or furry armor, they did not have horned helmets, they invaded Britain, and they also were the first to discover America! They were also experts in nautical technology, crafts, trading, warfare and many other skills (Jonsson 1). With all of these traits, the Vikings seem like an unstoppable force in the European continent. But, who were the Vikings? The Vikings were actually venturesome seafarers. This means that they were travelers who were constantly exploring and looking for new areas of land. There roots can be traced all the way back to 6000 B.C. were nomadic men traveled in primitive crafts up the Denmark coast. Fast forward two millennia and these nomadic people have established permanent homes, but still using the boat for food and travel. As stated before, they were not just raiders, although they did do this frequently, but they were actually expert traders, trading all around the world. It wasn’t until around 793 A.D. that a Viking explosion took place in northern Europe (Jonsson 2). Raids began to take place on neighboring villages and their places of worship. To some this is the only type of knowledge they have about Vikings. However, their culture was something to be admired. Trading, religion, and everyday life are all important parts of a Viking culture.
The word Vikings invokes images of savage warriors and barbaric raiders with a thirst for blood. Vikings were raiders and they did invoke terror up and down the coastline, they coerced and intimidated, many of their raids were focused on sacred Christian sites, known as monasteries. It is not certain why the Vikings turned to raiding or exploring; one theory is they needed the food and wealth of other lands to ensure their survival (Raffield, Greenlow, Price & Collard, 2016). The word Viking or Vikingr actually comes from an Old Norse term, meaning a pirate going abroad to raid (Sorabella, 2012).
In the earliest years of the Vikings, there was little history recorded due to the polytheistic views that they followed. After the Vikings converted to Christianity, there were eventually written documents created pertaining to their existence. In Viking Warfare, I.P. Stephenson states that the Vikings “first described attack took place in AD 789”(11). The Vikings were also known as Norsemen. They were great storytellers, and that is perhaps how society knows so much about them today. The stories that the Norsemen told were called Sagas. Today, Vikings are often depicted as murderous savages, but while they were not pillaging villages they were actually quite a peaceful civilization. There were three countries that Vikings evolved from; Norway, Denmark, and Sweden. Although it may seem that all Vikings were on the same side, they quarreled with each other as well. Despite the fact that Viking battles were bloody and gruesome they were also known to be the most hygienic out of many of the earlier civilizations. There was not a huge percentage of Vikings that went out and raided but when they did they made a huge impact on what Vikings are now known for. The success of Viking warfare and raids relied primarily on the uses of armor, weapons, long ships, and battle tactics.
Somewhere around 1000 AD, Leif Erickson discovered North America for the Vikings of Greenland. According to Icelandic sagas, Leif boarded his ship with thirty-five other men and sailed south of Greenland. Their first stop was somewhere near the present day Baffin Islands. He also visited a place, which he called Vineland, meaning wine land, where they found many grapes and made wine to take back to their homeland in Greenland. Leif and his crew spent the winter in Vineland and built a large house and a shed to protect their ship. No one knows the exact location of Vineland, but estimate it is somewhere in northern Newfoundland. Archaeologists found the ruins of an old Viking settlement in north Newfoundland around 1960 and suggested it might have been Vineland. Although some historians suggest that Leif must have traveled further south because grapes do not grow that far north. Other explorers sailed from Greenland to Vineland for fifteen more years. They might have even settled, but attacks by the Native Americans deterred them.
The most accepted official start of the Viking Age is recorded to have begun on June 8th, 793 AD when Norse raiders landed on the island of Lindisfarne and attacked the Christian Monastery located there, killing the monks and seizing the valuables. Viking raids by op...