The Theme Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair in Macbeth by William Shakespeare

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The Theme Fair is Foul and Foul is Fair in Macbeth by William Shakespeare

The witches in a "barren heath" are the first to mention Macbeth -

thus indicating that he, the main character of the play, has, or will

have a very strong tie to them and evil. Shakespeare opens the play

with a dark and mysterious atmosphere, setting the mood of the play

using a thunderstorm, an example of pathetic fallacy, a device used

effectively throughout the play. This opening suggests that a battle

is going on between good and evil; the witches reinforce this

suggestion: 'When the battle's lost and won'. This play immediately

gives the impression of deceit and evil scheming because as the

witches riddle relates 'Fair is foul, and foul is fair'. This is the

play's main theme - appearances can be deceptive. The use of

alliteration here accentuates and heightens the feeling of the

mysterious atmosphere, boding ill for the future with the suggestion

of foul play.

Throughout the beginning of the play Macbeth is not seen, but others

describe him as valiant and 'brave Macbeth' in stark contrast to

already established link with evil. Whilst the captain is reporting

the battle to the King, he mentions the courage with which Macbeth

fought, 'Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel.' Fortune,

personified as the enemies' weapon is captured by Macbeth and is now

on his side. The King marvels at Macbeth's bravery and, hearing of the

deceitfulness of the Thane of Cawdor, he immediately appoints Macbeth

to his title. Our opinions of Macbeth are already framed as we get a

picture of an almost God-like, military hero. His character is

depicted as good and hone...

... middle of paper ...

... to the play and reappears throughout Act One, most notably

through the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who appear to be

"fair" but are plotting "foul" things.To others they appear as the

"innocent flower"; however to themselves, and in reality they are the

"serpent underneath it". This deceitful, hidden image is repeated

throughout the play, from the opening chant of the witches to the

traitorous nature of the previous Thane of Cawdor and the carefully

concealed evil of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Shakespeare's use of

imagery serves to reinforce the theme and how it is portrayed in the

characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth later pronounces those

same opening lines: "Fair is foul and foul is fair", a paradox which

indicates how appearances may be deceptive: an innocent image may

conceal a "foul" reality.

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