Chapter 7
I.Bone Structure
A. Bone Classification
1. 4 Classes – Long, Short, flat and irregular
2. Example of a long bone- forearm and thigh bones.
3. Short Bones are shaped like cubes
4. Ex. Of short bones are in wrists and ankle bones
5. Flat bones are platelike structures
6. Ex of Flat bones are platelike structures
7. Irregular bones vary in size
8. Irregular bones vary in size
9. Examples of irregular bones are those of the vertebra and some facial bones
10. Round bones are also called sesamoid bones
i. They are small and modular and embedded in tendons ii. Example is the patella (kneecap)
B. Parts of a long bone
1. An expanded end of a long bone is an epiphysis
2. An epiphysis articulates with another bone
3. Articular Cartilage is located on the epiphysis
4. The shaft of a long bone is called a diaphysis
5. Periosteum functions t form and repair bone tissue
6. Periosteum is a tough, vascular, fibrous membrane covering the diaphysis of a bone
7. Processes provide sites for attachment of tendons or ligaments
8. The wall of the diaphysis is composed of compact bone
9. Compact bone has no gaps
10. Ephiphysis is composed of spongy bone
11. Spongy bone consists of bony plates called trabeculae
12. A bone is composed of spongy and compact bone
13. A canal called the medullary cavity runs through the diaphysis
14. The endosteum lines this cavity and spaces of the spongy bone
15. Endosteum contains bone forming cells
16. The tissue that fills the spaces of the bone is called marrow
17. &nb...
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...ome osteocytes
11. Periosteum comes from cells of the primitive conncective tissue that persist outside of the developing bone.
12. Compact bone is formed by osteoblasts on the inside of periosteum
13. Intramembranous ossification is the process if replacing connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone.
D. Endochondral Bones
1. Most of the bones are these types of bone
2. They develop as masses of hyaline cartilage
3. Eventually the cartilage decompses forming periosteum from connective tissue that encircles that developing structure
4. Blood vessels and undifferentiated connective tissue cells invade the disintegrating tissue
5. Some of these cells become osteoblasts
6. Ostoeblasts form the spongy bone in the spaces previously housed by cartilage
7. Endochondral ossification is the process of forming an endochondral bone by the replacement of hyaline cartilage.
In this paper I will clarify the relation between the integumentary system and the skeletal system. During this paper I will address how the two systems work together to maintain homeostasis and what occurs when balance is not maintained between the integumentary and skeletal system. During this paper I will explain how osteoporosis is directly linked between both the integumentary and skeletal system and ways to prevent or yield this disease.
This report will explore the structure and function of skeletal muscle within the human body. There are three muscle classifications: smooth (looks smooth), cardiac (looks striated) and skeletal (looks striated). Smooth muscle is found within blood vessels, the gut and the intestines; it assists the movement of substances by contracting and relaxing, this is an involuntary effort. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which contracts rhythmically nonstop for the entire duration of a person’s life and again is an involuntary movement of the body. The main focus of this report is on skeletal muscle and the movement produced which is inflicted by conscious thought unless there is a potentially harmful stimulus and then reaction is due to reflex, as the body naturally wants to protect itself. Skeletal muscle is found attached to bones and when they contract and relax they produce movement, there is a specific process that the muscle fibers go through to allow this to occur.
Not all attributes are obvious for every situation. The lion's share of instances of OI (conceivably 85-90 %) are created by a predominant change in a quality coding for sort I collagen (Types I, II, III, and IV in the accompanying rundown). Sorts VII and VIII are recently recognized structures that are acquired in a passive way. The qualities bringing about these two sorts have been recognized. Sorts V and VI don't have a sort 1 collagen change, however the qualities bringing about them have not yet been recognized. The general components of each referred to sort of OI are as per the
Q1: The argument suggests courage be defined based on, the actions of an individual and the situation they are placed in. Someone could be put into the same situation and act on the situation differently based on experience, knowledge, desperation, and the meaning of the action or situation to an individual.(192c1-3-192d7) Someone with more knowledge will act more accordingly to a difficult situation if they know what their chances are in succeeding in that action or the consequences attempting it. Courage is a representation of bravery. If someone stands up for something not only to benefit them but to
The vast majority of heroes in novels display courage frequently, making it a characteristic praised by many. Once a character demonstrates their cowardly nature, he becomes looked down upon. Those unlucky enough can be named weak, wimpy, chicken, and so forth; however many do not understand that both courage and timidness are intertwined. In the novel The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien, the author indicates that courage can be driven by both fear and cowardice.
Each person is individual. We actually act differently in the same situations. But the situation does not have to be so problematic and so stressing for each of us. Somebody will stay and face the arising problem and somebody will run away as quickly as possible. However still there is something we all have in common, we all hide a coward in ourselves. No matter how powerful, wealthy and strong we are, everybody is scared by something. This fatal fear makes us to do everything possible to avoid it and if there is no other way just to escape from it. But are we therefore cowards?
The definition of bravery in the Standard College Dictionary Canadian Edition is, "the quality of mind or spirit enabling one to meet danger or opposition with fearlessness, calmness, and firmness." Bravery is a quality that is shown by many of the characters in the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. The characters are brave in their effort to protect physical well-being, personal values, their reputation and sanity. In the novel the characters exhibit genuine bravery in order to guard the things important to them.
Osteoporosis is a serious disease that leads to a faster than normal loss of the bone density, which puts the bone at a higher risk for fractures. In order to understand the causes of Osteoporosis, it is important to understand how bones are formed. Bone is a living tissue that is made mainly of collagen, calcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate. The mixture of collagen and calcium gives the bone strength and flexibility. The body deposits new bones and removes old ones; moreover, there are two types of bone cells that control the reproduction of bones. Cells called osteoclasts breakdown bone tissues thus, damaging the bone. Once the damaged bone is removed, cells called osteoblasts, use minerals including calcium and phosphate from the blood stream to make new healthy bone tissues. In order for osteoblasts and osteoclasts to work properly, hormones such us thyroid, estrogen, testosterone, and growth hormones are
Bravery is the quality of a person who displays courage and fearlessness in the face of danger. Such qualities show splendor and magnificence in a person. Fear and terror sometimes hinder the determination someone can show. Overcoming this fear is what portrays bravery. In Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, Frederick Henry shows bravery by freely joining the Italian army, risking his life for some ambulance drivers and swimming to freedom, being shot at the whole way.
Describe the microscopic features of osseous tissue that help long bones withstand compressive forces without breaking.
The musculoskeletal system is comprised of bones, joints, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, fascia and muscles. Together these body parts work to establish a framework that is the musculoskeletal system. This framework is what gives the body its shape, form, and figure. It stabilizes the body as well as supplies the structural support. The musculoskeletal body features not only provide a framework for your body but allows your ability to create movement. These movements are monitored by the musculoskeletal components which then determine your degree of flexibility. Overall the amount of energy your body uses comes almost entirely from these musculoskeletal functions. Which makes sense because it
The skeletal system is composed of two hundred and six bones in the human body. Functions such as the tendons, cartilage, and ligaments connect the bones and tissues together. Bone tissues make up about 18% of the weight of the human body. There are two types of tissue inside the bones. They consist of; compact bone and spongy bone. First, compact bone depicts the main shaft of long bones in the human body such as the arms and legs. Its tissue is dense and hard and it also makes up the outer layer of most bones in our body. Meanwhile, spongy bone tissue is made up of smaller plates occupied with red bone marrow. Mostly, it is found at the ends of long bones such as the head of the femur.
also used for example in a rugby scum, to body needs to be placed in
The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system.
The Skeletal System, also known as the Skeleton make up a framework that support the body and protect the organs. The Skeleton consists of the bones and joints of the body. In the human body there is 300 bones at birth, these then fuse together to make 206 bones in a fully grown adult. The Skeleton is made up of two divisions: The axial and appendicular Skeleton.