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Introduction on personal identity
Physiological approach to personality
Concepts of personal identity
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Recommended: Introduction on personal identity
Personal identity of an individual is one of the most important things that originally distinguish that particular person from being just another animal. Personal identity is the unique attributes that an individual carries through his or her mental capacity which is (arguably) also very much related to the physical attributes as well. Over the centuries, many scholars have tried to explain personal identity from different perspectives. Some consider the entire human race as a part of the animal world while on the other hand many went as far as labelling us as being organisms. However, the feature that distinguishes us from other organisms is consciousness. This is the single most important feature that explains the personal identity of an …show more content…
However, this notion is quite complicated due to the fact that over time our physical attributes start to disappear. With aging, we start to lose most of the key features that would construct our personal identity. But in reality, we need to keep in mind that personal identity of an individual cannot be lost. It may remain even when he or she is gone. Therefore, it is rather difficult to construct the personal identity of an individual based on the physical attributes that he or she …show more content…
This directly cancels out the physical aspects suggested by other scholars. Personal identity is an intrinsic element of each and every human being. The way we talk, think and interact with other people, the way we adopt reality and respond accordingly, everything in combination makes the personal identity of an individual. This particular approach from the British empiricism has some dissimilarity with what Locke suggested regarding no innate ideas. Berkley believes in the idea of how God feeds our spirits with different forms of understanding. On the other hand, Locke emphasized that human beings learn from their external environment. This can be through another person or from nature. But the spiritual aspects are very much ignored in Locke’s concept of the evolution of an individual. But both scholars have agreed upon one thing for sure, personal identity of an individual is more an intrinsic matter- a content of his or her character that defines who he or she really is.
David Hume is another very prominent philosopher from his time who studied the British Empiricism very closely. He was born in Scotland to a moderately well-off family. However, most if the wealth that his father possessed went to his elder brother which left him with a rather difficult situation for some time. He followed the
Personal identity, in the context of philosophy, does not attempt to address clichéd, qualitative questions of what makes us us. Instead, personal identity refers to numerical identity or sameness over time. For example, identical twins appear to be exactly alike, but their qualitative likeness in appearance does not make them the same person; each twin, instead, has one and only one identity – a numerical identity. As such, philosophers studying personal identity focus on questions of what has to persist for an individual to keep his or her numerical identity over time and of what the pronoun “I” refers to when an individual uses it. Over the years, theories of personal identity have been established to answer these very questions, but the
However, I disagree with all of these views; there is a distinct self in each and every living human being. The Oxford dictionary describes the self as “a person’s essential being that distinguishes them from others.” In Jim Holt’s Why Does the World Exist that states, “To say ‘I exist’ is just to assert the existence of a certain more or less continuous bundles of memories, perceptions, thoughts, and intentions. What makes me me and you you is our distinctive bundles” (258). What made Madison Madison was that she was a unique being with not only a unique genetic makeup, but also a unique personality and life experience; there was never anyone exactly like her and there never will
David Hume explores the issue of what exactly comprises the “self”. Hume states in his Treatise of Human Nature that
Personal identity examines what makes a person at one time identical with a person at another. Many philosophers believe we are always changing and therefore, we cannot have a persisting identity if we are different from one moment to the next. However, many philosophers believe there is some important feature that determines a person’s identity and keeps it persistent. For John Locke, this important feature is memory, and I agree. Memory is the most important feature in determining a person’s identity as memory is the necessary and sufficient condition of personal identity.
they do not want to do. They will not always bear the impose roles on
In today’s society, the mind is a set of cognitive elements which enable an individual’s consciousness, perception, thinking, judgement, and memory. In addition, without our minds and/or conscious experiences, a person would not be able to understand what makes them who they are. Similarly, in Thomas Nagel’s essay “What Is It Like to Be a Bat,” Nagel claims that even though there is something it is like to be an organism, humans are not capable of fully knowing what it is like to be a bat. In addition, Nagel supports his claims through the importance of an organism’s conscious experiences, memories, and knowledge, which allow an individual to identify themselves. Therefore, in this paper I will discuss Nagel’s argument, which I believe to be true, based on the idea that human beings do not have the ability to understand and/or know what it is like to be another organism without having the same conscious experiences as one another.
In the real life, it is hard to judge our personal identity: we are aware of who we are every second and minute, we also are able to check our appearance that we have known since we were born from looking at mirror. We know “I am myself” all the time.
Identity, an ambiguous idea, plays an important part in today’s world. To me identity can be defined as who a person is or what differentiates one person from another. Identity would be a person’s name, age, height, ethnicity, personality, and more. A quote by Anne Sexton states “It doesn't matter who my father was; it matters who I remember he was”(Anne Sexton). This quote helps me define identity because I believe it is saying that identity is what people are remembered by. When some people think of identity, words such as, uniqueness, distinctiveness, or individuality may come to mind. However, I disagree with this because when I think of identity I think of mimicry, self-consciousness, or opinions.
Many philosophers and psychologist from Jean Piaget to William James have theorized what makes a person who they are, their identity. Jean Piaget believed that the identity is formed in the sensorimotor stage and the preoperational stage. This means that a child is forming his identity as late to the age of seven (Schellenberg, 29) However, identity is strongly impacted by society such as school, church, government,and other institutions. Through our interactions with different situations our personality develops (Schellenberg 34). "In most situations there is a more diversified opportunity for the development of social identities, reflecting what the individual wants to put forth to define the self as well as what others want to accept,"(Schellenberg 35). Therefore, humans, much like animals, adapt to different situations based on who they are with. Individuals are always changi...
How would it feel to be brought into the world where lives are predestined or real life situations are constructed to work in order to benefit society as a whole? Within the book, Brave New World and the movie, The Truman Show, the theme of sacrificing personal identity in order to benefit society runs throughout each work. The ideas and opinions of the public coincide harmoniously as the society they live in. Bernard Marx and John Savage are two predominant characters of Brave New World. Both are outcasts of the World State because of their differing opinions from the rest of the “conditioned” society. Truman, the protagonist of The Truman Show also is at loss because he was unaware of the false reality he was living. Marx, Savage and Truman have all had their personal identities sacrificed for specific reasons and prompts them to overcome their higher powers.
Locke believed that the identity of a person has the sameness of the consciousness: “What makes a man be himself to himself is sameness of consciousness, so personal identity depends entirely on that—whether the consciousness is tied to one substance throughout or rather is continued in a series of different su...
Briefly, we can conclude by deduction that body, brain, and soul are not sufficient to explain personal identity. Personal identity and immortality will always cause questions to arise from philosophers, as well as other individuals, and although many philosophers may object and disagree, the memory criterion offers the most sufficient explanation.
The quest to find one’s identity and have a sense of individuality is rampant in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go. The humanistic urge to have purpose is embodied in the characters of Kathy, Tommy and Ruth very differently. They each know that their life’s purpose is to donate until “completion,” yet on the way there they explore themselves and find out there is more to each of them than their vital organs, even if that is how society has labeled them.
In his 1971 paper “Personal Identity”, Derek Parfit posits that it is possible and indeed desirable to free important questions from presuppositions about personal identity without losing all that matter. In working out how to do so, Parfit comes to the conclusion that “the question of identity has no importance” (Parfit, 1971, p. 4.2:3). In this essay, I will attempt to show that Parfit’s thesis is a valid one, with positive implications for human behaviour. The first section of the essay will examine the thesis in further detail, and the second will assess how Parfit’s claims fare in the face of criticism. Problems of personal identity generally involve questions about what makes one the person one is and what it takes for the same person to exist at separate times (Olson, 2010).
What is personal identity? This question has been asked and debated by philosophers for centuries. The problem of personal identity is determining what conditions and qualities are necessary and sufficient for a person to exist as the same being at one time as another. Some think personal identity is physical, taking a materialistic perspective believing that bodily continuity or physicality is what makes a person a person with the view that even mental things are caused by some kind of physical occurrence. Others take a more idealist approach with the belief that mental continuity is the sole factor in establishing personal identity holding that physical things are just reflections of the mind. One more perspective on personal identity and the one I will attempt to explain and defend in this paper is that personal identity requires both physical and psychological continuity; my argument is as follows: