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Ethical issues in psychology as level
The importance of ethical guidelines in psychology
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of decisions can and cannot be made on the basis of test data, and how should those decisions be made? What credentials, if any, are necessary to administer and interpret psychological tests? What rights do examinees undergoing psychological evaluation have? Public scrutiny of psychological testing reached its zenith in 1965 with a series of probing and unprecedented congressional hearings (see Amrine, 1965). Against a backdrop of mounting public concern about—as well as legal challenges to—psychological testing, many psychologists in the 1960s began to look anew at the testing enterprise. Beyond being a mere instrument of measurement, a psychological test was conceptualized by many as a tool of a highly trained examiner. The value of a particular …show more content…
718). His work lives on at the Buros Institute of Mental Measurements at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. In addition to the MMY, which is updated periodically, the institute publishes a variety of other test-related publications 10. Discuss the ethical and legal implications of assessment, including the right to privacy, right to know, informed consent, intellectual property rights, user qualifications, protection of test materials, and confidentiality. The Ethical Standards set forth enforceable rules for conduct as psychologists who are members of the American Psychological Association. Most of the Ethical Standards are written broadly, in order to apply to psychologists in varied roles, although the application of an Ethical Standard may vary depending on the context. The Ethical Standards are not exhaustive. The fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by an Ethical Standard does not mean that it is necessarily either ethical or unethical. This Ethics Code applies only to psychologists' activities that are part of their scientific, educational, or professional roles as …show more content…
(See also Standard 2.05, Delegation of Work to Others.) Obsolete Tests and Outdated Test Results (a) Psychologists do not base their assessment or intervention decisions or recommendations on data or test results that are outdated for the current purpose. (b) Psychologists do not base such decisions or recommendations on tests and measures that are obsolete and not useful for the current purpose. Test Scoring and Interpretation Services (a) Psychologists who offer assessment or scoring services to other professionals accurately describe the purpose, norms, validity, reliability and applications of the procedures and any special qualifications applicable to their use. (b) Psychologists select scoring and interpretation services (including automated services) on the basis of evidence of the validity of the program and procedures as well as on other appropriate considerations. (See also Standard 2.01b and c, Boundaries of
9). Based on the afore initiatives, the mental health professional must decide which therapy would be beneficial in treatment for the clients’ problems. Evaluations and reevaluations may be needed to be successful in treatment (Nurcombe, 2014,
There are a variety of ways counselors can use assessment in counseling. According to Whiston counselors use (2017) assessments as a tool used to measure people behavior. Assessments can be informal and formal (Laureate, 2013). One significant part of assessments is to evaluate progress between the client and counselor.
As you can see, the field of psychology covers a broad scope which overlaps into many different fields. Though the area of social sciences has been questioned for its validity over the years, it is becoming more and more of a trusted tool in many different areas of society.
Neukrug, E., & Fawcett, C. (2015). Essentials of testing and assessment: A practical guide for social workers, counselors, and psychologists (3rd ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage.
In the first four chapters of the book, Hood and Johnson examined closely the uses, nature, measurement concepts and initial and outcome assessments of psychological assessments used in Counseling Psychology. Psychological assessments are used by counselors to “identify the nature of a client’s concern and to consider possible treatment approaches” (p.3). Additionally, the assessment data derived from assessments is used by counselors for planning and evaluating programs. The assessment process is therapeutic in that it assists clients in clarifying goals and gives them a “sense of perspective and support” (p.3).
8. Like much thought in any field, the origins of Psychology was reactionary. There was an approach that was established and accepted, and then there was the pushback against the established thought that gave way to the new. The theories that were accepted were so because the zeitgeist of the time proved to be fertile soil for which the theory to be accepted. While this is where our discipline started, we are now in a time of eclecticism. Few people seek to fight for the purity of a certain theoretician, but we now instead seek to find the good from the cluster of theories and
Kaslow, N. J., Grus, C. L., Campbell, L. F., Fouad, N. A., Hatcher, R. L., & Rodolfa, E. R. (2009). Competency Assessment Toolkit for professional psychology. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3(4, Suppl), S27-S45. doi:10.1037/a0015833
Assessments are an essential part in career counseling. It is needed throughout the entire therapeutic process. The purpose of an assessment is to gather information about the client in terms of his/her personal and cultural context. It is to understand the client better. It is also to provide measurements that are valid and reliable. To conduct an assessment for career counseling, the counselor must be trained and must also possess some ethical and professional responsibilities.
Psychologists focus on two relationships, one between brain function and behavior, and another between the environment and behavior. As scientists, psychologists follow scientific methods using careful observation, experimentation and analysis. There are many different ways a psychologist can work with patients, depending on the situation. “Psychologists may gather information through controlled laboratory experiments; personality, performa...
I believe, with the support of formative assessment to monitor, diagnostic assessment to intervene if needed and summative assessment to gage understanding a unit of work is
A debate rages in psychology. It is not one of the usual kind, dwelling on a specific aspect of the mind or a new drug, but a controversy dealing with the very foundations of psychology. The issue is determining how psychologists should treat patients and on what psychologists base their choices. Some feel that they must be empirically-supported treatments, treatments backed by hard data and scientifically supported. Others feel that this standard for treatments is much too confining for the complex field of psychology and that many good treatments cannot be backed by hard data. The American Psychological Association President Task Force on Evidence-Based Treatment came out with a plan for psychology that effectively maintains a high scientific standard but allows for a variety of research designs to be used in determining how to treat a patient. This plan of evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) is a strong standard for psychology because it allows patients to receive science-backed treatment that is still personalized.
This is to shun collecting erroneous results that may possibly endanger the lives of clients and thus leading to inaccuracy in monitoring the client’s wellness. Correspondingly , instruments / mechanisms such as national standardized and classroom assessments have to be reliable i.e there should not be any difference on the test whether the student takes it in the morning or at
Psychological assessments have been used for many years. They are used to help measure students’ aptitude, to make career choices, to hire people, to measure personality, etc. They are used in many different professions. In therapy, assessments can help therapists gain more knowledge about a situation that a client may be dealing with. Also, therapists should understand that sometimes people may falsify their answers in order to make the therapist happy or to make themselves look better (Grieve, 2012). On the other hand, assessments can be useful in determining the appropriate methods to use for their clients. Assessments can help therapists measure the growth of their clients. This paper will discuss the importance of assessments, as well as the things counselors need to know and their history.
American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychological Association (APA), Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
Recommended as supportive tools to help guide evaluations, Corey, Corey and Callahan, cite other colleagues and psychological literature that offer Formative and Summative assessments. These reviews, suggested for use during training and at the completion of a professional program, or when applying for licensure status, “address individual practitioner’s strengths and provid...