Chapter 19 Discussion Questions: 1. The three main factors that resulted in the Ottoman expansion of the 14th century were rooted in geopolitics, military technology a nd strategy, and political strategy. The Ottoman capital and center of economics (post-1453) was located at Istanbul, which was not only the geographical “gateway” to Europe, but also connected Asia and Europe, which made Istanbul an extremely important area for commerce and merchants travelling from one continent to the other. Even after the Ottoman takeover of the Byzantines, they were able to expand even more partly due to the capitol and funds gained through commerce in Istanbul. The Ottomans also created an army that was aided by new technologies such as firearms as well as horses, which helped them expand exponentially through the Middle East. The balance within their military, with the Calvary coupled with armed Janissaries, furthered their military might. Lastly, the political strategy of Osman and his heirs helped to further Ottoman goals including expansion. 2. The economic crisis essentially came before and caused the military crisis, so I’ll talk about that first. The economic crisis was in part caused by the increasing cost of the military and government due to the increasing number of Janissaries. It was also caused by the colonialist and imperialist policies of the European nation states, and the associated economic globalization, which resulted in a few things. First, the silver trade from the New World caused massive inflation in the Middle East. Many of the members of the Ottoman society, including scholars and Calvary, had fixed income that weren’t adjusted for inflation, and therefore suffered financially. Further, the changes in the economy... ... middle of paper ... ... order to gain resources there that could aid them in their war against China. Further, invading and conquering Korea would have cut China off from what was a vital tributary/vassal state of the Chinese, and would have weakened them considerably. These were his main motives in attack. 10. The Japanese restricted Trade with European traders in order to curb European cultural, religious, and economic influence on the Japanese archipelago. The rising merchant class threatened the Shoganate, as well as the religion of Catholicism, which introduced the traditional Japanese customs and religion. The Japanese, after fighting for unification, were in danger of being splintered yet again into warring factions with separate economic situations and religions, and the Shoganate didn’t want this to happen, and therefore heavily restricted immigration and trade by the Europeans.
In the early 1800’s, Japan had blocked off all trade from other countries. Foreign whaling ships could not even reload or repair their ships in Japan territory. This offended many other countries. In 1852, Matthew Perry was sent to Japan to negotiate open trade. Japan felt threatened by the United States, and gave in to their demands. Japan was frightened by their stipulations, and immediately began to reform. They developed a new education system that was similar to America and Europe’s. They also developed a Western style judiciary system.
The men of the pen was highly educated of scientist, lawyers, judges, and doctors. The men of sword were military personnels. The men of negotiation were merchants, artisans, and tax collectors. The men of husbandry were farmers and herders and some people was based on the skills they knew. Inadequate administration, disruption/invasion in the government, is when farmers had a hard time when it came to their cattle. The “New Order” reactionary movements, had become anarchic and ineffectual and they then was jealous of their privileges and opposed to change they created a Janissary revolt which led to the death of Selim. Massacred Janissary corps and marked the first breakaway, forced to recognize Greece with the treaty of Constantinople. The beginning of the 17th century the Ottoman Empire began to change itself according to the western culture. The empire took some innovations from the west. Also, by the contribution of foreign engineers the Empire repaired its old arm systems. The Newly-found school’s, permanent ambassadors, and privy councils were essential improvement for the Empire. All of these reformations had a good impact at the period of
The Ottoman Empire was one of the longest running empires in history, spanning 624 years. The women of the Ottoman empire were often limited to the household of their husband’s and held back by Ottoman lawmakers and authorities. The point of view of outsiders was varied, but there were both positive and negative views.
The Ottoman Empire were Muslims and included Hungary, Syria, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Albania, and they marched on land. The Ottoman Empire is said to have first appeared somewhere around the 1300’s, and can be related to the decline of the Byzantine Empire. They began conquering Christian lands and by the late 1600’s all Christians were afraid of the “terrible Turk”. It is no wonder that many other people were afraid of the Ottoman Empire since they seem to be really rather powerful and they conquered a lot of land. It was in the 1330’s when the Morroccan Abu Abdallah Ibn Battuta passed through Constantinople and became impressed with the Ottomans who seemed to be gaining power rather quickly, he noticed that they had close to 100 forts and
hammed. Byzantine and the Muslims worlds were the very first in the western world to base their governing off of their monotheistic beliefs. The religion of Islam began in Mecca, however the beginning of the Muslim period started with Mohammed’s voyage from Mecca to Medina. The religion quickly spread from India to Spain.
Japan, at first, let the newcomers in and learned about them, and let them learn a little from them. However, they didn't have very good experiences, like as portrayed in document twelve, the Japanese thought of the Europeans as arrogant and full of themselves, and the Europeans, like Will Adams in document fourteen, didn't like what the Japanese did, in holding them there when they wanted to leave, and the way they treated the women as completely there just to serve and help the men, as was mentioned in document eleven. The Japanese, as in document fifteen, said that innovations had to be reported, and listed them right next to factional conspiracies, as if they were both equally bad, showing that the Japanese didn't want to advance technologically, and wanted to stick with tradition. The Europeans as we already know, where rapidly advancing technologically, because of their fierce rivals with each other, making Japan dislike them even more. The Europeans, who were trying to spread Christianity as well as become rich, thought that the Japanese would convert quickly, as Francis Xavier wrote in document thirteen, “They see clearly that their ancestral law is false and the law of God true, but they are deterred by fear of their prince from submitting to the...
Özcan, Azmi. "Empire, Ottoman." Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 407-416. World History in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
The Tanzimat: Reform in the Ottoman Empire. During its prime, the Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and most powerful empires in the entire world. Unfortunately for the Ottomans, various problems arose, and eventually the empire started to decline. This resulted in a period of reform, known as the Tanzimat.
The growth of the empire was also quite different. The Ottomans experienced growth through further conquest of the Asia Minor, Constantinople, Eu...
Today, there are virtually no multinational states remaining and one would be hard-pressed to find a government that has remained in place since the pre-World War I era. In that sense, it is highly unlikely that the Ottoman Empire could have survived the tumultuous 20th Century. Nevertheless, it may have had a chance. If not for European intervention, Ottoman reforms may have succeeded. However, even with those reforms, they had to compete with the rise of nationalism, which would have been difficult.
The Ottoman Empire reached the peak of its power in the 1500s. While other empires were experiencing their downfalls, the Ottoman Empire’s power seemed to be increasing. In fact, this empire can be ranked as the strongest power due to its tactical internal organization of power, minorities, and religion, due to its physical expansion which provided more resources, more advancements, and more people to support the empire, and due to its large military strength that provided security, reduced rebellion, and challenged the other powers.
...ining power over its subjects. The Tokugawa instead took the wives and children of the shoguns semihostage in Edo to deter powerful families from taking over the Tokugawa. This is the way the Tokugawa handled the problem because they were no outsiders to Japan but they had many enemies within the state. The Tokugawa and Chinese, however, both closely maintained their contact with foreigners, especially in trade. The Chinese established the Canton system which limited the Europeans to trade in only one city and need a guild approval to trade. The Japanese solved this problem of foreign relations through directing all trade traffic to Honshu, a port city under Edo’s direct rule. This was significant because this direction of trade meant the Edo government could collect taxes on the products rather than another daimyo, drawing power and wealth away from rival families.
The Ottoman Empire rose to be one of the most powerful empires in the early modern period. The story of the Ottoman expansion began when the Christian Byzantine empire began to perish the Ottomans began to expand at a rapid pace, making it’s neighbors fearful of their advancement. Over the course of history many scholars have given the arguments on the rise and fall of the once great Ottoman Empire. John Bagot Glubb published seventeen books, on the Middle East, and wrote his theory on the stages of the rise and fall of great nations. In Glubb’s The Fate Of Empires and Search for Survival Glubb explains the stages of the rise and fall of great nations begin from The Age of Conquests followed by The
...fects the world today. The modern state of Turkey now exists in the old Ottoman stronghold of Anatolia, still using the same flag and honoring the Empire that came before it. It is clear however that the largest consequence for Europe following the fall of the Ottoman Empire was increased influence in the Middle East that had not been introduced to the Industrial Revolution unlike much of Europe. While the Europeans hoped they could enter this new region and begin to change it, the culture of the area proved too difficult to effectively make any permanent change possible. The fall of the Ottoman Empire had many long term consequences for Europe, but the most long lasting change has been the creation of modern day Turkey, which has been a long lasting ally of the European Union and not the constant threat to Europe that the Ottoman Empire had been for so many years.
Explain the reason for the fall of the Ottoman During most of the seventeenth century the Ottoman Empire was territorially stable but during the last years of the century, beginning with the Ottoman rejection in the second siege of Vienna (1683), the Empire suffered a series of military defeats, first at the hands of Austria and later Russia in the Turkish-Russian Wars. With the Treaty of Jassy (1792), the Ottomans, who since 1774 had lost the Crimean Khanate for Russia, they lost their territories north of the Danube and all territories east of the Dniester also Russian hands. In other European territories and in Asia and Africa, there were many more or less autonomous on which the central government had little control rulers.