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Essay on history of china
Essay on history of china
China essays on the history
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European Imperialism of China and Japan Imperialism is the practice by which powerful nations or peoples seek to extend and maintain control or influence over weaker nations or peoples. By the 1800’s, the Western powers had advantages in this process. They led the world in technological advances, giving them a dominance when conquering other countries. The European Imperialists made attempts to conquer China and Japan. In this process, they succeeded by influencing Japan greatly. However, they were not as successful with China. At the end of the eighteenth century, China’s goods were much desired by Britain. However, the Chinese saw Europeans as savages and did not want to trade with them. During trade, there was an imbalance in China’s favor, because the Europeans were forced to buy Chinese goods using silver. The Western Imperialists began to grow opium poppies from in India, and then smuggle them into China. China soon became addicted to the drug and spent most of it’s money on the purchase of it from the Europeans and Americans. This shifted the balance of power to be in Europe’s favor. In the early 1800’s, Japan had blocked off all trade from other countries. Foreign whaling ships could not even reload or repair their ships in Japan territory. This offended many other countries. In 1852, Matthew Perry was sent to Japan to negotiate open trade. Japan felt threatened by the United States, and gave in to their demands. Japan was frightened by their stipulations, and immediately began to reform. They developed a new education system that was similar to America and Europe’s. They also developed a Western style judiciary system. Japan and China reacted differently to the reforms of Imperialism. When put under pressure, Japan succumbed to the power of Western Imperialist ideas. Conversely, China, resisted for a long time. As a result, Japan had more technology, while China was unenlightened of the new advances. Japan also gained more respect from other countries, that China did not have.
In the middle of the 19th century, despite a few similarities between the initial responses of China and Japan to the West, they later diverged; which ultimately affected and influenced the modernizing development of both countries. At first, both of the Asian nations rejected the ideas which the West had brought upon them, and therefore went through a time period of self-imposed isolation. However, the demands that were soon set by Western imperialism forced them, though in different ways, to reconsider. And, by the end of the 19th century both China and Japan had introduced ‘westernizing’ reforms. China’s aim was to use modern means to retain and preserve their traditional Confucian culture. Whereas Japan, on the other hand, began to successfully mimic Western technology as it pursued modernization, and thus underwent an astounding social upheaval. Hence, by the year 1920, Japan was recognized as one of the world’s superpowers, whereas China was on the edge of anarchy.
Western Influence on Japan Japan, as a nation, is a continually changing society. Ever since Western nations became involved with Japan, its changes over recent times. have increased at a substantial rate. Japan now faces cultural, economic and economic challenges. and social differences as a result of the western involvement.
Imperialism is when a mother nation takes over another nation and become its colony for political, social, and economical reasons. Imperialism is a progressive force for both the oppressors (mother country) and the oppressed (colony), majorly occurring during the late 19th and early 20th century. It had more negative effects than positive effects due to its domination to other nations.
It is seen that Japan while allowing these relations even against their better judgment were found to be better for it. China on the other hand suffered due to their resistance. Western powers fought their way in but it was fought every step of the way. While the treaties and agreements made by Japan weren’t done with terms favorable to its country, a dynamic economy was the result of it deciding to open itself back up to relations with the outside world. Japan had realized after the Meiji transformation period that if they wanted to become a world power much like those who had forced their ways on them, that they would have to welcome these powers and when they did many doors starting to open for them. These doors opening included establishing new industries and adopting new agriculture advancements. From the start China was in the mind set of defiance against any and all western influence. It didn’t stop the influence from coming but China went kicking and screaming the entire way. The country tried its best to reform and make effort to advance the country as challenged to do so by the west while trying to preserve Chinese customs and values. They tried valiantly to make themselves a super power like Japan had but they couldn’t find the right formula to make themselves strong enough and were
Prior to trying to conquer Japan, Europe had already imperialized many parts of the world but failed to imperialize Japan. However, there were able to make an impact on to Japan’s central government. Back in 1850s-1860s, the Europeans were barely in Japan’s affairs but instead, the United States made a presence there. In the 1850s, the Americans forced Japan to sign and agree with the unequal treaties and that eventually lead to the decline of the Tokugawa government. This also lead to the opening of Japan’s trading ports, creating outstanding debt,
Both China and Japan were greatly affected by the arrival of Europeans in Asia. The Europeans wanted to trade, but they didn’t have many items to trade. China and Japan soon began to develop policies to keep European influence at bay while still maintaining trade dominance. Both nations developed similar yet unique policies and methods of dealing with Europeans that would have large impacts socially, economically, and politically for centuries to come.
Then in the 1800's , Europe thrust its way into the heart of the Middle
This argument is supported by Solomon (1992) with him discovering that purchase decision that is based on loyalty might become a habit which leads to brand equity. On the other hand, Aaker (1991) described brand loyalty as consumer’s mentality toward a brand that drives them to consistently purchase the same brand. As per Yoo (2000), brand loyalty has the ability to affect consumer choice to buy a same product or brand and cease to switch to other brands. Subsequently, Yoo (2000) reasoned out that brand loyalty is the root for brand’s value. Aaker (1991) additionally contended that brand loyalty is a fundamental component used to assess brand’s value due to the fact that brand loyalty can increase profitability. The consumers who are loyal to a brand will not assess the brand, instead they simply purchase it unquestionably based on their experiences with the brand (Sidek, Yee, and yahyah, 2008). The loyal customers bring advantages to a firm by cutting down costs, encouraging easier strategies implementation, providing time for responding to competitions, creating a barrier to entry, increasing sales volume, protecting firm against detrimental pricing and to retain rather than seek for customers (Aaker 1991; Rundle and Bennet, 2001). Loyal customers are also less incline to change to another brand simply because of pricing factor and they purchase more frequently compared to their non-loyal counterparts (Bowen and Shoemaker,
As many people know, Imperialism has shaped the culture and customs all over the world. Imperialism is the dominance of one country over another politically, economically or socially. Western culture can be seen in all parts of the world; from Asia to Africa, to the Indies and the Americans. The downside of having the bits of western culture all over the world, is how it got there. Western influence was forced upon places in Asia, specifically India, Indonesia with a hellacious price; lives and poverty.
Imperialism has not only influenced colonial territories to better themselves or to further the mother country’s realm of power, it also had a significant impact on the people’s culture, education, environment, and political systems. Japan and Britain were two imperial systems that countered each other in many facets but also had strikingly similar qualities that had helped them become strong imperial powers that needed one another to continue their position amongst others. The Japanese empire was an inspirational country to other Asians that spearheaded the fight against the European imperialism. After the Meiji restoration, the emperors decided that the modernization of Japan was going to begin and in order for it to be a success, the government had to change along with their culture, “.restored authority faced new dangers in a new age.
Japan emerged in 1853 from two and a half centuries of self-imposed peaceful isolation, but within a few decades the country’s leaders embarked on a policy of aggressive territorial expansion. During the last half of the nineteenth century, the Western imperialist powers of England, France, and Germany established the model for acquisition of colonies in Asia and for the partition of China into spheres of influence. Near the end of the century, about the same time Japan began to capture colonial territory, the United States and Russia also initiated their imperialistic expansion in Asia. Imperialism can be defined as direct or indirect domination of an industrialized country over a colonial territory or another country. Although the theories
People are buying the product which gives them prestige. Marketers have interest on consumer psychology and they are playing with every day by showing that their product will give prestige in the society. It’s true that the transparent societies now needs brands image. Marketers analyze the interest and needs of consumer than create the product according to the need of the society. Brand can attain the people attraction and the business can have the good reputation by giving satisfaction to consumer. If the brand gives satisfaction and function are according to the expectation of consumer than the brand gets good image on the mind of consumer. brand image is great weapon to use for the competitors it builds in years , at once the business gets brand image it has competitive edge from other brands in the market. When consumer rely on the brand the company can create the long term relation with the consumer, in other words (CRM) consumer relationship management. The brand image has effect on the choice of every individual there believe and attitude change their preferences. Brand image can be effected by price as price is an important part for consumer when they are making purchase decision if they find the value of brand is equal to the pricing they purchase that brand if not they refuse it. Similarly the image of brand can be effected by the attributes and features or
...high power status, Japan had to have a self-reliant industrial common ground and be able to move all human and material resources (S,195). Through the Shogun Revolution of 1868, the abolition of Feudalism in 1871, the activation of the national army in 1873, and the assembly of parliament in 1889, the political system of Japan became westernized (Q,3). Local Labor and commercial assistance from the United States and Europe allowed Japan’s industry to bloom into a developed, modern, industrial nation (Q,3). As a consequence production surplus, and food shortage followed (Q,3). Because of how much it relied on aid of western powers, Japan’s strategic position became especially weak. In an attempt to break off slightly from the aid of the west Japanese leaders believed that it would be essential for Japan to expand beyond its borders to obtain necessary raw materials.
The review of relevant literature is to identify what's brand awareness and how to carry out in strategic marketing, and consumers' behavior. The study prove that the significant factors on brand awareness as a perception of product, service, and image of the company and has a tremendous effect on consumers’ evaluation of system results. From reading all of the relevant journals, it is understandable that the significant factors on building a successful brand image and awareness is consumers and their relationship with the brand, company, service and the product. Brand awareness is the vital importance to marketing strategy and marketing communications because it links customer behavior to firms’ financial metric. Keller (2001), noted, customers’ reaction toward brand awareness is associated profitably brand equity.
Brand offers superior quality of the service to the customer’s expectation and satisfaction. Furthermore, people are much attached to the branded products, as majority of the people purchase the branded products with the belief that brands show their status and life style in the society. And also because they believe that they are purchasing quality when purchasing branded product. As duration of stay creates impact of brand on consumer behaviour, so verification of brand image, brand loyalty and personality should be considered as the significant factors in this regard. It can also be said that there is need to improve the product of a particular brand so that the impact of brand on consumer behaviour is more effective in comparison to the existing scenario. The study also reflects that the product features are very essential for consumers. Advertising plays a very important role in achieving growth for any product or brand. The right media for advertising products and services should be chosen to gain customer attention.