The Ancient Greeks sought to define how humans should view their lives and how to create an existence dedicated to the basis of the “ideal” nature. This existence would be lived so as to create an “honorable” death upon their life’s end. Within their plays, both dramas and comedies, they sought to show the most extreme characteristics of human nature, those of the wise and worthy of Greek kleos along with the weak and greedy of mind, and how they were each entitled to a death but of varying significance. The Odyssey, their greatest surviving drama, stands as the epitome of defining both the flawed and ideal human and how each individual should approach death and its rewards and cautions through their journeys. Death is shown to be the consequence
Circe and Tiresias warned Odysseus and his men that it would be disastrous if the sun god’s cattle were harmed. Odysseus urged his men, who were fatigued, to avoid the island of the sun god, Thrinacia. Instead of heeding this warning the men landed on the island, but only after Odysseus made them swear not to touch the cattle. On the island, they did not just touch the cattle, they made a meal of them. Helios, the sun god, was infuriated, and he asked for restitution from Zeus. As a punishment for their crimes, the ruler of all gods threw down a bolt of hot lighting and destroyed Odysseus’s ships.
Every second and every moment is eventually going to prove valuable for the future. In The Odyssey written by Homer, Odysseus, the weathered hero, gains valuable lessons learned in experiences since his departure from Troy. These priceless lessons will help him accomplish his ultimate goal in defeating the parasitic suitors that plague his home. One experience Odysseus endures is the encounter of Helios’ cattle. The prophet Tiresias foretold, “harm them [the cattle] in any way, and I can see it now: your ship destroyed, your men destroyed as well” (11. 127). Odysseus’ men disobey his authority, and seal their fates. Although Odysseus is suffering from grief, he learns three vital lessons that will help him in removing the suitors. Helios’ cattle is the most valuable experience Odysseus faces because of his lessons learned in revealing things at the right time, self-restraint, and that temptation leads to demise.
The islands of Circe and Calypso in Homer’s Odyssey are places where Odysseus’ most challenging problems occur. In contrast to battles with men, Cyclops, or animals, sexual battles with women are sometimes much more difficult to win. These two female characters are especially enticing to Odysseus because they are goddesses. Though it is evident that Odysseus longs to return to Penelope in Ithaka, it sometimes appears that he has lost vision of what life was like with a wife, a son, and with thousands of people who regard him as King. Although his experiences on the islands of these goddesses were similar in that he was retained from Ithaka for the longest periods of his adventure, these goddesses and the ways that Odysseus reacts to his experiences with them represent two very different aspects of Odysseus’ life and disposition in life.
Fate and Free Will in Homer's Odyssey
When we look at Greek Mythology we often run into the gods of that era. Sometimes they are merely backdrops to the human element of the story but in stories such as The Odyssey the gods play a prominent if not vital role to the central themes of the story.
Fate has a place in the Greek world but its place is not the same as it is in other scenarios or worlds. It is important to understand the word before we discuss it. Fate as far as Greek mythology goes is not just fate.
Every day people make decisions. Some are more important than others, but all decisions have consequences, no matter how small. The decisions that you make, and the decisions others make could affect your life. They may have positive effects, but they may also have negatives effects like in The Odyssey by Homer. In general, Odysseus and his men made some decisions that lead to some very negative effects.
Fate and free will, two subjects that go hand in hand in the Odyssey. The Odyssey is filled with examples of both fate and free will. I believe the gods of the Odyssey interfere with the lives of humans, but don’t control their lives completely. I also believe that humans in the Odyssey have some control over their lives, but do they?
Throughout both The Iliad and The Odyssey, Homer uses many examples to show us humanity. Most frequently used illustrations are of compassion, loyalty, and bravery. Compassion is shown through the ransom of Hectors body, loyalty is exhibited through Eurycleia’s faithfulness to Odysseus’s household and family, and finally bravery is shown through the stringing of the bow by Odysseus. Humanity is displayed in both The Iliad and The Odyssey in various Homeric ways.
In another instance, Odysseus and his men reached the island called, Thrinacia. Odysseus was warned by Tiresias and Cirice not to touch the cattle on this island. The men on his crew were starving...
Next, we arrive to the island of the sun god, Helios. We are told by circes that whatever we do we cannot harm the cattle of the sun and we will get home safely. I have all my men swear that they will not harm any cattle. We got trapped on the island by a vigorous wind, which would further harm the ship. We were all starving and desperate, but I told them we could still not harm the cattle. One night, while I am sleeping Eurylochus convinces the men to eat the cattle. I was enraged when I woke up and found out. Helios was also angry and told Zeus to punish us and our journey. On our journey back, Zeus struck us with lightning and I was the only one to survive. The currents guided to me an island. I found out there that it is Calypso’s island.