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FEATURE ARTICLE/ HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Eugenics: Past, Present, and the Future main idea
An essay on American eugenics
An essay on American eugenics
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Recommended: FEATURE ARTICLE/ HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Eugenics: Past, Present, and the Future main idea
The concept of eugenics has to do with the belief or practice of improving the genetic quality of the human race (“Eugenics” 2010). The concept was first introduced by Francis Galton, a researcher who wished to apply Darwin’s theory of evolution to the human race. Much like many endeavors that start off with good intentions, the results of applying this concept in real life were gross crimes against humanity. The eugenics movement in the early 20th century perverted the original concept by employing morally objectionable techniques including forced sterilization, marriage restrictions, segregation, internment camps, and genocide (Black 2012). In War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race, Edwin Black discusses the root of the eugenics movement in the United States of America and how this ultimately influenced the horrifying actions taken by the Nazis in pursuit of the pure Aryan race.
The first seed of perversion that led to these heinous undertakings is the misunderstanding of genes following their discovery in the late 19th century. The wealthy upper class took this discovery as justification for their racist sentiments; the poor are poor because of their bad genes. This misconstrued idea of bad genes in the gene pool created a fictitious problem that needed to be solved. If the poor and weak lower class exist as they do because of their insufficient genes, then weeding these genes out of society in general would surely further society as a whole. The man who encompassed this bigoted sentiment was Charles Davenport. This man was able to establish many institutions dedicated to the research of “eugenics” of this sort by being funded by the likes of Rockefeller, Carnegie, and other not...
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... human nature to immediately notice why others are different from oneself and because of this, bigotry and segregation will never truly cease to exist and that manipulation over the human genome will only exacerbate this.
Works Cited
Black, Edwin. War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America’s Campaign to Create a Master Race. Dialog Press, 2012. Print.
"Eugenics". Unified Medical Language System (Psychological Index Terms). National Library of Medicine. 26 September 2010.
Genetics Home Reference. Tay-Sachs Disease. National Library of Medicine. 2012. Retrieved at http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/tay-sachs-disease.
Green Jersey. Can Men and Women with Down’s Syndrome Get Married and Have Children? 2013. Retrieved at http://www.downs-syndrome.org.uk/component/content/article/35-general/162-6-can-men-a-women-with-downs-syndrome-get-married-and-have-children.html
Any notable person with medical expertise will testify that racial identities bear no scientific weight and one’s race is only as significant as the person--or culture the said person is submerged in--makes it out to be. When dissected sociologically, “race prejudice [is] an irrational manifestation of individual pathologies” (Racial Fault Lines, 17)... “[that] represent attempts by one group of people to secure for themselves a privileged position in the social structure at the expense of stigmatized and subordinated social groups,” (Racial Fault Lines, 18). And, while the privileged groups’ “superiority” and other groups’ “inferiority” is arbitrary and holds no ethical legitimacy, the damage caused to the “inferior” groups is undeniable and enormously detrimental. Tomás Almaguer, in his insightful book, Racial Fault Lines: The Historical Origins of White Supremacy in California, explores the various ways in which the Mexican, Native American, and Asian populations in the late nineteenth century
The American Eugenics Movement was led by Charles Davenport and was a social agenda to breed out undesirable traits with an aim of racial purification. Eugenics was a used to breed out the worst and weakest to improve the genetic composition of the human race, and advocated for selective breeding to achieve this. The science of eugenics rested on simple mendelian genetics, which was a mistake because they were assuming complex behaviors could be reduced to simple mendelian genes. After Nazi Germany adopted the ideas behind the American eugenics movement to promote the Aryan race, the eugenics movement was completely discredited.
Neoeugenics is the idea of new, “neo”, eugenics or a new way of creating a healthier race. Eugenics was first defined in the late 1800s by a man named Sir Francis Galton who said that it was basically the study of traits that will cause an advantage or disadvantage in the traits of future generations. Eugenics soon turned from being about the use of artificial selection of breeding to create a stronger species, to being about the advancement of certain races over others. When talking about neo eugenics, it is believed that it may turn into something similar to that of eugenics in that the use of artificial selection would now be used to bring the upper class higher in standards of health and wellbeing as well as beauty. Others believe that the use of neo eugenics will help create a healthier, more stable species. Whether bad or good, the way that eugenics will advance will be in designer babies.
Galton, David J., and Clare J. Galton. "Francis Galton: And Eugenics Today." Journal of Medical Ethics, 24.2 (1998): 99-101. JSTOR. Web. 8 Mar. 2010.
The concept of eugenics was not initially intended to prevent overcrowding, however, it would later be used as a form of population control. Eugenics is the idea of improving society by breeding fitter people. Francis Galton was the first person to originate this term and was a major proponent of the concept during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The practice of eugenics was originally performed through the use of selective breeding. Eugenics was a progressive idea, driven by social perceptions. In fact, "many of its most strident advocates were socialist, who saw eugenics as enlightened state planning of reproduction."2 Fearing the degradation of society, the elite desired to prevent further social decay of the world by eliminating individuals who were considered unfit physically, mentally, or socially.
The term eugenics was coined in the late 19th century. Its goal was to apply the breeding practices and techniques used in plants and animals to human reproduction. Francis Galton stated in his Essays in Eugenics that he wished to influence "the useful classes" in society to put more of their DNA in the gene pool. The goal was to collect records of families who were successful by virtue of having three or more adult male children who have gain superior positions to their peers. His view on eugenics can best be summarized by the following passage:
Eugenics- Eugenics is a term coined by Francis Galton in 1883 and it is the belief and practice of improving the genetic quality of the human population. This idea that one could trace hereditary problems and find solutions for them gained significant ground in addressing certain societal issues such as poor people and welfare. Two types of eugenics emerged, positive and negative, but the U.S., negative eugenics was preferred. This is the idea of destroying defectives and degenerates from the population to promote and preserve the fittest, a very social Darwinist idea. This is important to sexuality because many homosexuals were sterilized, thus creating the stigma that homosexuality was a disease that could be cured.
Rifkin, Jeremy. "The Ultimate Therapy: Commercial Eugenics on the Eve of the Biotech Century." Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 7th ed. Ed.
Seven-foot, blonde haired, blue-eyed super-humans bearing the swastika and marching in perfect Aryan rhythm, bred to be smarter, stronger, superior. This is a typical image when people hear the word eugenics, but there are two distinct branches: negative eugenics, which looks at removing undesirables and degenerates from society, and positive eugenics, which looks to promote the positive hereditary traits within society. In this essay I will Look at both sides of the eugenics argument in order to find a conclusion.
The eugenics movement started in the early 1900s and was adopted by doctors and the general public during the 1920s. The movement aimed to create a better society through the monitoring of genetic traits through selective heredity. Over time, eugenics took on two different views. Supporters of positive eugenics believed in promoting childbearing by a class who was “genetically superior.” On the contrary, proponents of negative eugenics tried to monitor society’s flaws through the sterilization of the “inferior.”
As medical science has advanced at an increasingly rapid rate over the last two centuries, the morality of new practices and when to utilize them has often come into question. With their past pursuits of cutting-edge treatments, many doctors and professionals have disregarded the humanistic health care ideals set forth in the Hippocratic Oath, which famously requires all future doctors to swear to “never do harm.” In late 19th century Britain, this pursuit led to the formation of the eugenics movement, which applied Charles Darwin’s natural selection theory of evolution, also known as the “survival of the fittest”, to humans. Supporters of the movement firmly believed that the quality of the human population could be physically enhanced through measures such as sterilization and genetic screening. In the United States, eugenics played a major role in the Progressive Movement as many saw it as a potential response to increasing overpopulation, which was seen as one of the main causes of societal ills such as poverty and disease. After World War I had ended in 1918, support for the eugenics movement began to gather momentum in Europe, especially in Germany, where the war and subsequent reparation payments had taken a serious toll. There, the ideologies of eugenics met the pressing economic and population growth concerns of a reeling German society. In his 1925 autobiography, Mein Kampf, a then-little known political prisoner named Adolf Hitler wrote: "The demand that defective people be prevented from propagating equally defective offspring is a demand of clearest reason and, if systematically executed, represents the mos...
Reprogenetics and Eugenics Advantages: The.. Reprogenetics will enable parents to give their children genes that they themselves do not carry, thereby increasing their offspring's. chances for health, longevity, happiness, and success -- this is an. appalling prospect for many bio ethicists. Eugenics embodies the desire and attempts of a society's leaders to control the breeding practices of its citizens, including the forcible. sterilization or murder of those deemed to carry undesirable genes.
Society is changing every second; thus, society’s opinions on morals and ethics are changing every second, too. In the past, society believed and supported the ideas of eugenics and eugenicists. Today, however, eugenics is blamed for the racial and gender presumptions about genetics. Two well-known eugenicists are Lewis Terman and David Starr Jordan, who each contributed their ideas to further the movement of eugenics. Typically, schools are often named after people who have made positive contributions to society, and these two figures of eugenics have only demoralized certain races and genders. As a result, schools should not be named after these two people because the names illuminate ideas towards stereotypes and racism. While some may consider
The Web. 27 May 2014. The "Eugenics" - "The. Dictionary.com. The World of the. Dictionary.com, n.d. -. Web.
When created in 1923, the American Eugenics Society exemplified an air of reform with a seemingly positive purpose, however this cannot be further from the truth. In reality, the society polluted the air with myths of weeding out imperfections with the Galtonian ideal, the breeding of the fittest (Carison). The founder of the society, Charles Davensport , preached that those who are imperfect should be eliminated(Marks). From the school desk to the pulpit, the fallacies of the eugenics movement were forced into society. Preachers often encouraged the best to marry the best while biology professors would encourage DNA testing to find out ones fate (Selden). A...