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Scientific evolutionary theory of charles darwin
Campbell biology vol 1 giraffe
Charles darwin and the scientific evolution
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Why are giraffes magnificent creatures? For one they are the tallest creatures in the world, thanks to their long legs and neck (“Giraffe.” National para. 1). Second, there are areas where large animals have disappeared, but the giraffes have survived; researchers think it is because of their height (Maisano para. 30). Giraffe camelopardalis is the scientific name (“Giraffe.” Britannica para. 8). There is a lot to learn about giraffes, such as how they were suspected to have evolved, their poaching, their physical appearance, and their behavior.
The evolution of giraffes started with Jean-Baptist Lamarck in 1809 (Holdrege para. 2). He observed that the giraffes forelegs have grown longer than it’s back legs, and it’s neck had lengthened so much that the giraffe can attain a height of six meters without standing on its hind legs (Holdrege para. 3). He also found out that giraffes live in the interior of Africa where the soil is dry, so they can feed on trees (Holdrege para. 3). Charles Darwin made an adjustment on the evolution of giraffes sixty years later (Holdrege para. 5). Charles Darwin thought that the giraffe have long legs, neck, and tongue to eat off of higher branches in trees (Holdrege para. 6). Pinche, in 1949, thought that the most fantastic thing about the giraffe was their legs because they could move fast for their size (Holdrege para. 17). In 1963, Brownlee said that the length of the legs and neck gives them a large surface area, which could disperse the heat (Holdrege para. 19). In 1996 with Simmons and Scheepers, they say that in the spring they eat in lower valley bottoms, so they are eating below shoulder length (Holdrege para. 13). Most of the time when giraffes are eating, they are not using their long nec...
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Works Cited
Ainsworth-Vincze, Cameron. “Long Legged, and Looking for Friends.” Maclean’s 30 Nov. 2009: 35. Global Issues in Context. Web. 10 March 2014. .
“Giraffe.” Britannica school. Encylopedia Britannica, Inc., 2014. .
“Giraffe.” National Geographic. Web. 10 March 2014. .
Holdrege, Craig. “The Giraffe’s Short Neck.” The Nature Institute. 2003. Web. 11 March 2014. .
Maisano, Sarah. “Giraffa Camelopardalis.” Animal Diversity. Web. University of Michigan, 2006. Web. 11 March 2014 .
The giraffe conveys a strong message about how humans have an inability both emotionally and intellectually to deal with any kind of change. In this story a giraffe was brought in to the town by a merchant, lots of the people in the town were scared and frightened by the giraffe entering in the town. The people living there did not want to keep “the beast” in their town, showing their intolerance towards anything that changes or that is new. The intolerance was to such extremes that he people were ready to kill the animal, “We 'll have to kill the giraffe” (Senesi 30). The refusal to accept change in this story is a direct reflection of our society today. People are still scared to accept
I am presenting information on the life, past rate of growth and future of the Olive Baboon. I will demonstrate the community relationship shared by the adult females, males, and juveniles in the troop and how the ranking of females plays an important part of troop dynamics. I will explain the specifics of the climate of the savanna biome and what adaptations the Olive baboon, native to this habitat, has to support its survival and the food chain it is part of. I will further show the omnivores behaviors as a predator to rodents, hares, and Thomson gazelles, as a prey to lions, leopards and hyenas, and as an herbivore, that eats tubers, lemon grass and acacia. Further, I will explore the symbiotic relationship that the Olive baboon shares with the elephants. I will further examine the pivotal role of the Olive Baboon in the ecosystem and their impact on human beings. Finally, I will explain the Olive Baboons place in the biogeochemical cycles that sustain life, in the biome through the recycling of phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen and water
Knowing the diet of extant primate taxon opens up the possibility of predicting a good deal about its morphology and natural history. Morphology and natural history of extant primates is also important in making accurate inferences regarding their dentition and diet. However, when it comes to extinct primate taxon making dentition and dietary inferences are challenging and the evidence available is indirect (Cuozzo, 2008). The purpose of this research is to address the inferences that can be made about dentition and diet of extinct great apes from the Miocene by looking at dentition and diet of extant great apes including the bonobo, chimpanzee and gorilla. These diverse groups of vanished Miocene apes first existed millions of years ago and later diversified into various forms before they became extinct around 1.4 million years ago (Teaford, 2002).
Primates are considered to be one of the most interesting mammals on earth to study due to their numerous similarities with humans and their complexities in life. Today we look at primates as our closest relatives, meaning that observations and research will not only give us information about non-human primates, but human primates as well. There were many primates to choose from, though I decided to observe two types of primates, the Western Lowland Gorilla, and the Tufted Capuchin Monkey. Both species of primates were observed at the San Diego Zoo. With my research, I will collect data from my observations, give background information from credible sources, and explain the interactions I encountered while observing the two different primates. Before attempting to understand ourselves and other species as primates, it is important to understand that scientific research is the basis for determining our origins as primates, understanding certain species of primates, and why we consider primates to be our closest ancestor.
Gould, Edwin, George McKay, and David Kirshner. Encyclopedia of Mammals. San Francisco, CA: Fog City, 2003. Print.
"'Surplus' Giraffe Put down at Copenhagen Zoo." BBC News. BBC, 02 Sept. 2014. Web. 17 Feb. 2014. .
As was learned throughout the semester, although most primates have the same, general primitive traits, such as opposable thumbs or stereoscopic vision, there are still quite a bit of differences amongst the different species, especially in regards to those who fall under the categories of New World (platyrrhines) and Old World monkeys (catarrhines). For the most part, New World monkeys, such as the Golden Headed Lion Tamarins, have “flat noses” with nostrils facing sideways as well as prehensile tails that are usually used as a fifth leg and facilitate their life on the trees. As for Old World monkeys, however, these monkeys, such as the Francois’ Langurs, have “narrow” noses with downward facing nostrils and lack a grasping tail. Therefore,
Strait, David S. "The Feeding Biomechanics and Dietary Ecology of Australopithecus Africanus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 12 Dec. 2008. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. .
The common name is the African Elephant, the scientific name is Loxodonta Africana, the phylum is Vertebrata, the class is Mammalia, the order is Proboscidea, and the family is Elephantidae. The Closest Relatives to the African Elephant are: the Asian Elephant, mammoths, primitive proboscidean (mastodons), sea cows, and hyraxes. Scientists believe that the African Elephant evolved from one of its closest relatives, the Sea Cow. The geographical location and range of the African elephant covers all of central and southern Africa. In Ethiopia there are isolated populations that exist around Lake Chad in Mali and Mauritania. Also in Kenya, Rhodesia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda, Zaire, and in National parks located in South Africa, as well as several other countries. African Elephants, originally, were found in all of the Sub-Saharan African habitats except desert steppes. Elephants still occupy diverse habitats such as: temperate grassland, tropical savanna and grass lands, temperate forest and rainforest, tropical rainforest, tropical scrub forest, and tropical deciduous forest despite their drastic decline in numbers. However, their migratory patterns and habitat use have changed, due to the fact that they are restricted to protected areas. The elephant can exist in many types of environments but it prefers places that have many trees and bushes, which the elephant needs both for food and shade. They also like warm areas that have plenty of rainfall.
The Dama Gazelle are herbivores. Their diet consists of shrubs, acacias, and desert dates. During the wet season, this species migrates to the Sahara Desert. During a drought, this species migrates out of the Sahara Desert to moister habitats. They do not need much water to survive. These animals can live off little droplets of water from their food source. One article from “National Geography” states, “Dama Gazelle numbers have fallen by about 80% in the last decade and continues to fall.” These species is endangered because of illegal hunting, habitat destruction, drought, and competition for food. A statement from the “International Endangered Species List” says, “At this rate, the Dama Gazelle is headed toward extinction.” If this species becomes extinct, it will affect the entire ecosystem and cause a ripple effect. Once they become extinct, it will cause other species to become extinct and possibly cause plants to take over the desert. They move in small herds to protect themselves from natural predators such as lions, cheetahs, and hyenas. A fun fact about these interesting creatures is that Dama Gazelles may stand on their hind legs to eat from acacia trees and other plants as high as six feet from the ground! They are the largest s...
Giraffe horns are paired, short, and permanent bony processes that are covered with skin and hair. They differ from other horns in that they do not project from the frontal bones, but lie over the sutures between the frontal and parietal bones.
The family of Elephantidae shows a high rate of evolution, early stages of which were confined to Africa, while later stages occurred in Eurasia (Kalmykov & Mashchenko, 2006). Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the phylogeny of Elephantidae, and many of the researches have concluded different answers. Maglio, Beden, and Todd each concluded their research with phylogenetic trees that contrasted with each other.
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.
"Indonesian Zoo Shaken by Giraffe Death." Daily Herald. N.p., 14 Mar. 2012. Web. 26 Mar. 2014.
Scientists have discovered many interesting facts about giraffes. One fact is that giraffes may have existed during the Quaternary period. This period is the division of geologic time in the Cenozoic period. Evidence has been found that the Sahara was occupied by giraffes and other land-grazing animals, during the later part of this time period. Scientists have found fossils and many other evidence that as soon as the dinosaurs disappeared, mammals like the giraffe appeared.