The Hundred Years War
explanatory Essay
2098 words
The Hundred Years War The Hundred Years’ War was a war between England and France in which France defended its’ crown against British rule. This war had a great impact on the people of each country. The origin of the war goes back to the conquest of William for England. In 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, led an army into England. He won this battle and became the king of England. This was possible under feudalism. Feudalism is a form of social classification in which the members of an upper class are granted fifes, or pieces of land, by higher ranking noblemen return for their military service. The vassal, the person receiving the land, had to go through ceremony in which they would say that they would be faithful to their overlord and fight for them if needed. In return the overlord would protect the vassal (Lace 12). Many years later Isabella, the wife of King Edward II of England, plotted to kill Edward II making her son Edward III king (Lace 12). Because Edward III was very young she would be able to rule the country through him. Edward II sent his son and Isabella to pay homage to Charles IV in 1325 for French land that Edward II owned. Isabella took her lover, Roger de Mortimer, with them and while there they began to make their plans. After homage is paid to Charles IV the three went to Hainault. While there Isabella and Mortimer convinced the Count of Hainault, William, to help them overthrow the king. In 1327, with the help of William’s troops, Isabella and Mortimer successfully overthrew Edward II and made Edward III king. During their overthrow, King Charles IV of France, Isabella’s brother, died. When he died he had no children to leave the throne to, but his wife Jeanne was pregnant. When she gave birth though she had a stillborn daughter. This enabled Charles’ cousin, Philip of Valois, king. Some of the people objected. Some thought that since Isabella was his sister she was closer to the throne than Philip and that she should be queen. Others thought that since Edward was his nephew he should be king, but the majority of the French were against Edward becoming their king (14). Philip was favored for many reasons: He was older: Philip was 35 and Edward was 15, Edward was under the control of his mother and Mortimer; Edward was a well known warrior, and Edward was considered a foreigner ... ... middle of paper ... ...eople because he was no longer able to feed them. The English would not let them through though. Philip eventually showed up to defend Calais in July. Philip sent Edward a challenge, but edward refused because he felt he had the city secured. Philip then left the town to its own fate. The next day Jeanne de Vienne rode out of town giving up his sword and the keys to the city (Lace 40). Between the years of 1348 and 1350 the Balck death invaded Europe. This horrible disease was spread by infected rats and fleas and killed 1/4 to 1/3 of the population of Europe. Although the disease was most commonly found among the poor in over populated cities Edward III’s daughterJoan died from it in Bordeaux. This caused a huge deficit in soldiers and caused the war to come to a stand still for five years (Lace 41). In 1349 a plot to retake Calais was discovered. The force was quickly put down by a small English army. In 1350 Edward led an English fleet against the spanish from Castille and won. This would be edward’s last victory and major battle. He turned over his powers to his son Edward the Black Prince just two weeks before Philip of Valois died (Lace 42).
In this essay, the author
- Narrates how mortimer's body was left hanging for 2 days after he was seized and hung.
- Narrates how england held the port of bordeaux in france, enabling them to depend on england for wool.
- Opines that england and scotland were not on good terms with one another.
- Narrates how mortimer's body was left hanging for 2 days after he was seized and hung.
- Narrates how england held the port of bordeaux in france, enabling them to depend on england for wool.
- Opines that england and scotland were not on good terms with one another.
- Explains that the government was divided and counts or dukes were assigned to rule over certain areas.
- Describes how edward began fighting in 1339. he sent a small army to flanders to try to provoke.
- Narrates how he began the use of a chevauchee.
- Explains that the french were the first to kill off a large number of people. the battle at sluys was the english's first major victory.
- Explains that edward fled to england and acknowledged edward as the king of france in exchange for his recognition.
- Describes how the countship intervened in 1343 and persuaded philip and edward to sign a truce.
- Analyzes how edward had philip’s son, john, lead an army against jeanne and won (lace 34).
- Explains that the horrible disease was spread by infected rats and fleas and killed 1/4 to 1/3 of the population.
- Explains the origin of the war goes back to the conquest of william, the duke of normandy, for england. this was possible under feudalism.
- Explains that the person receiving the land, had to go through ceremony in which they would say that they'd be faithful to their overlord and fight for them if needed.
- Narrates how isabella, the wife of king edward ii of england, plotted to kill edward iii, making her son edward king.
- Explains that isabella's brother, king charles iv of france, died. he had no children to leave the throne to, but his wife jeanne was pregnant.
- Explains that the french were against edward becoming their king. philip was favored because he was older and edward was under the control of his mother and mortimer.
- Narrates how edward iii returned to france in 1337 to claim what he felt was rightfully his. he drafted a document to philip of valois that said that edward was the rightful king of france.
- Explains that philip was ruling the land that he owned. there were dukes and lords appointed by philip to rule over the lands of edward iii.
- Explains that edward iii made a treaty with the scottish in 1328 but intervened when their leader robert bruce, died. the english deposed david ii, bruce’s son and the new king.
- Narrates how edward iii saw these ships and thought that this was an attempted attack on him. he challenged philip to a battle in 1337, but philip declined.
- Explains how philip was backed by the loyalty of edward's nobles and able to get parliament to raise taxes to fund the war.
- Opines that france was poorer than france and that they would have a much smaller army.
- Explains that the tenants and serfs lived on the farmland that they farmed which was owned by nobels.
- Explains that the first class was made up of lesser lords who owned small estates and had local powers, while the higher aristocracy consisted of the small elite, dukes, earls, counts, and princes of lands.
- Describes how philip changed his mind and backed down, making edward mad because it was a waste of time and money. the english sailed toward france, but the french chased them.
- Describes how the english army was made up mostly of yeomen on foot that fought with longbows and crecy became the first battle to use gunpowder.
- Narrates how edward tried to siege calais, but jeanne de vienne, the city’s commander, held out in hopes that edward would retreat to england in the winter.
- Narrates how calais was running out of food because the city was surrounded. vienne sent out 500 people because he was no longer able to.
- Describes how philip sent edward a challenge to defend calais, but edward refused. philip left the town to its own fate. jeanne de vienne rode out of town giving up his sword and the keys to the city.
- Narrates how edward led an english fleet against the spanish from castille and won. he turned over his powers to his son edward the black prince two weeks before philip of valois.
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- Narrates how the heir to one of the five realms, an inpatient and power hungry boy, attempted to take the life of his father. chaos engulfed the fifth realm, capturing people in a state of confusion.
- Describes alec as a survivor of the dark knight's wrath. the four realms were freed from the clutches of evil, but most survivors have forgotten what hope means.
- Analyzes how queen isabella was anxious to return to her four-year-old son, but she had many duties to fulfil. they were currently awaiting the arrival of the king’s new political advisor, thomas.
692 wordsRead More - Good Queen Bessnarrative essayOn Sept. 7th 1533, Elizabeth, the daughter of King Henry was born. The King of England wasn’t as thrilled since she wasn’t a boy, who would mean an heir to the throne, but it was still okay. Due to the fact that after 2 more births that resulted in death, Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1936 when Elizabeth was only 3 years old. As her father continued to remarry, divorce, and execute his wives, one more child would be born, resulting to Elizabeth having one sister, Mary, and a new born brother named Edward. After Edward was born, his mother Jane died. She was known for being the one wife that Henry actually loved. Elizabeth grew into a very smart girl. She was known as Bess as times spoke Latin, French, German, and Henry gave her a tutor to study with. Along with everything else, she developed a temper that would help her later on as being a Queen.
In this essay, the author
- Narrates how anne boleyn's birth changed the world and the way women were thought of in british history.
- Explains that henry had an heir to the throne, his son edward. as time passed, the future king of england was getting more and more weak and sick.
- Narrates how elizabeth and mary were both heiresses to the throne and wanted to be queen. mary's intentions were just to keep her safe from any danger.
- Narrates how anne boleyn's birth changed the world and the way women were thought of in british history.
- Explains that henry had an heir to the throne, his son edward. as time passed, the future king of england was getting more and more weak and sick.
- Narrates how elizabeth and mary were both heiresses to the throne and wanted to be queen. mary's intentions were just to keep her safe from any danger.
- Explains that elizabeth became the queen of england on nov. 17th 1558. she remained faithful to her people, fighting in war along side her armies and remaining single.
- Narrates how mary queen of scotts wanted to claim the throne of england for herself. she loved her cousin, but knew it would be the end of her if she gave into mary.
- Describes the contents of the book and explains how it was written.
- Opines that elizabeth wanted to marry for love, not just because she would produce a child that would one day be king.
- Opines that elizabeth died on march 24th 1603 of old age. mary queen of scott’s son, james, would then be king. she showed love, honor, and strength through her whole rein.
- Describes the contents of thompson 4works' new age encyclopidia vol. 5 section "e".
811 wordsRead More - Edward A Hero's Journey Analysisanalytical essayEdward learned the dangers of what people who do not live in protected castles encounter when being alone in England at night. Also, when Edward sees that the hermit tries to kill him because his father stopped him from becoming pope, he realizes that laws can majorly affect people outside the kingdom which his father, King Henry VIII, never thought about. As stated on page 139, “‘I am a mere archangel. Twenty years ago, in a dream from heaven, I was told that I was to be pope. But the king dissolved the religious house where I was a monk. Robbed of my destiny, I was left poor, friendliness, and homeless.’” “‘ You are a king?’ ‘Yes,’ the king answered drowsily. ‘Which king?’ ‘Of England.’ ‘Of England. Then, Henry is gone.’ ‘Alas, yes. I am his son.’ A harsh frown settled on the hermit’s face, and he clenched his bony hands with vengeful energy… He sat at his bench and, still muttering, began to sharpen the knife on the
In this essay, the author
- Explains that edward experienced hardships while traveling with the vagabonds, helping the peasant woman with housework, being held captive by the mad hermit, and sitting in jail with hendon.
- Describes how edward's education grew rapidly while traveling with the vagabonds. he heard stories of how some were mistreated by england’s brutality.
- Analyzes how edward never knew of england's harsh laws and was shocked when he heard about this gruesome story. he pronounced that the horrific law is to be abolished.
- Explains that edward experienced hardships while traveling with the vagabonds, helping the peasant woman with housework, being held captive by the mad hermit, and sitting in jail with hendon.
- Describes how edward's education grew rapidly while traveling with the vagabonds. he heard stories of how some were mistreated by england’s brutality.
- Analyzes how edward never knew of england's harsh laws and was shocked when he heard about this gruesome story. he pronounced that the horrific law is to be abolished.
- Analyzes how edward took every-day tasks by regular civilians for granted when he tried to make dinner. the king was remorseful about having burned the meal.
- Analyzes how being held captive by the mad hermit contributed to edward's education. he realized that laws affect people outside the kingdom which his father, king henry viii, never thought about.
- Analyzes how edward learns the mistreatment of england's laws on regular civilians while being in jail with miles hendon.
988 wordsRead More - Before the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella, the Moors were in control of much of the Iberian Peninsula. They desperately wanted to unite Spain and turn it into a Christian nation (“Isabella and Ferdinand”). Isabella carefully concocted a plan that would progress her ambition. She proposed to Ferdinand that they marry, which would unify Castile and Aragon, and kick-start the unification of Spain (“Ferdinand V”).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that king ferdinand and queen isabella of spain funded christopher columbus' voyages, but they also contributed to spain's unity, enabling the spread of christianity and colonization.
- Analyzes how isabella concocted a plan that would progress her ambition. she proposed to ferdinand that they marry, which would unify castile and aragon, and kick-start the unification of spain
- Explains that isabella wanted to boost her control over spain by establishing the spanish inquisition, which abolished heresy and made spain a christian nation.
- Explains that king ferdinand and queen isabella of spain funded christopher columbus' voyages, but they also contributed to spain's unity, enabling the spread of christianity and colonization.
- Analyzes how isabella concocted a plan that would progress her ambition. she proposed to ferdinand that they marry, which would unify castile and aragon, and kick-start the unification of spain
- Explains that isabella wanted to boost her control over spain by establishing the spanish inquisition, which abolished heresy and made spain a christian nation.
- Explains how the moors tried to deal with the inquisition by preaching to the people and not forcing them to convert to catholicism. they fought back against ferdinand and isabella.
- Explains that granada was the last moorish stronghold in spain. ferdinand refused to surrender the city and declared war on them.
- Explains that spain began to rule with the idea of nationalism, aggressive with their idea that their nation should be strictly catholic. many jews, as well as the moors, suffered great persecution during this time.
- Explains the oppression that the jews experienced during the inquisition was definitely severe. they were forced to wear red badges that let everyone know their heritage.
- Explains that isabella wanted spain to be a christian nation. the official reason was that the jews influenced the christians.
- Explains that the inquisition was strict on disobeying laws. if someone was accused of heresy, they were sentenced to prison or released. ferdinand and isabella received complaints of unfair imprisonment, torture, and the taking of the
- Explains that christopher columbus wanted to sail to india to find a shorter route. when granada was taken control of, isabella and ferdinand realized that columbus' proposal would be beneficial to their kingdom.
- Explains that ferdinand and isabella knew they needed new sources of funding to bolster spain. they turned to the pope and he gave them rights to build the catholic church in areas where the moors had been driven from.
- Explains that columbus started out on his first voyage in the middle of 1492. it turned out to be a great success and won spain many places in south america.
- Explains that columbus conquered more of the americas and established more colonies. he received a high status when he returned to spain.
- Explains that many parts of the world took notice of columbus and the success of his expeditions. they started sending people west to try to establish colonies of their own and gain more land.
- Explains how columbus' discovery of gold and silver in south america furthered the european economy. the new world also altered the art and culture of europe.
- Analyzes how columbus believed that the indigenous people of the new world were meant for one reason: to be slaves to the europeans.
- Analyzes how columbus ended up enslaving around a thousand natives and sold them as slaves to europeans who inhabited the land there.
- Opines that isabella disagreed with columbus. she promised death to anyone who enslaved the people of the new world. many of her advisors believed the same thing.
- Analyzes how isabella's analytical side thought that enslaving the people of the new world would help her expand her empire.
- Explains that ferdinand and isabella altered the course of history when they came into power. they drove the moors and the jews out of spain, which meant that christianity spread further into the new world.
- Analyzes how spain's effect on the natives of the new world contributed to the world. columbus and other explorers would have treated them as equals.
- Explains that isabella and ferdinand expanded the spanish empire by funding explorers and united several kingdoms to make the country that spain is today, geographically and economically.
1516 wordsRead More - Battle Of Agincourt Research Paperanalytical essay“For he to-day that sheds his blood with me shall be my brother” -King Henry V (Fraser). King Henry V of England has prepared his troops for an honorable death in battle with his final speech, and now on St. Crispin’s day, in the year 1415, the battle of Agincourt begins. Outnumbered by thousands, the battle became a story of an extraordinary English victory and a shameful defeat for the French, but little did they know that the French unknowingly contributed to their own loss. The Battle of Agincourt was won by the English with a strategic placement of troops, but also because the French failed to strike the English where they were weakest. To begin the battle, the French attempted to distract the archers from a main attack by sending cavalry
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the battle of agincourt was won by the english with a strategic placement of troops, but also because the french failed to strike them where they were weakest.
- Describes how the french attempted to break apart the english archers with cavalry charges, but were unsuccessful. the pileup of french soldiers in the battlefield caused no trouble for the british since they had no means to advance.
- Explains that the french were causing more trouble for themselves because their fallen soldiers crowded the field. with their cavalry gone, they had no choice but to advance.
- Analyzes how the battle of agincourt was won by the english with a strategic placement of troops, but also because the french failed to strike them where they were weakest.
- Describes how the french attempted to break apart the english archers with cavalry charges, but were unsuccessful. the pileup of french soldiers in the battlefield caused no trouble for the british since they had no means to advance.
- Explains that the french were causing more trouble for themselves because their fallen soldiers crowded the field. with their cavalry gone, they had no choice but to advance.
- Explains that the cavalry charges failed and the french lines were struck repeatedly by arrows as they advanced, causing a pileup in the middle of the battlefield that hindered the progression of their army.
- Argues that it was irrational for the french to attack the english longbow archers first because they had a good defense set up and were well-protected.
- Analyzes how the french failed to scatter the english longbow archers with cavalry charges because they were weak and uncoordinated. the advancing french soldiers had no distraction to keep arrows from flying their way.
1089 wordsRead More - The Unification of Spain: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabellaanalytical essayTo begin, Isabella was the daughter of King John II of Castile. Isabella was born April 22, 1451. Ferdinand was the son of King John I of Aragon. He was born in 1452. Isabella was three years old when her father died. Henry IV, her half-brother, became king. “He named Isabella his successor.” Henry was not very fond of Ferdinand. When Isabella married Ferdinand in 1469, Henry IV withdrew his support. In 1474, Henry died; making his daughter Juana, take the throne. After the war of a succession ended in 1479, Isabella became the Queen of Castile (“Queen Isabella”). She was the Queen of Castile from 1474 to 1505. “Isabella had to fight a civil war to secure her throne. Their marriage began a 35 year joint ruling of a unified Spain, by the Catholic Monarchs” (Isaacs).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that isabella of castile and ferdinand of aragon were one of the most famous married couples in history.
- Explains that isabella was the daughter of king john ii of castile. she married ferdinand in 1452, but henry iv withdrew his support and juana took the throne.
- Explains that the spanish inquisition was a powerful and brutal force of homogenization in spanish society.
- Explains that isabella of castile and ferdinand of aragon were one of the most famous married couples in history.
- Explains that isabella was the daughter of king john ii of castile. she married ferdinand in 1452, but henry iv withdrew his support and juana took the throne.
- Explains that the spanish inquisition was a powerful and brutal force of homogenization in spanish society.
- Explains that isabella and ferdinand had five children, isabel, john, joanna, maria, and catherine (isaacs). their grandson passed, leading them to believe their heir to the throne had passed.
- Explains that isabella's important aspect was education. she became proficient in latin at 35, encouraged scholars at her court to set up palace schools, and took an interest in the native americans of the new lands.
- Analyzes how isabella and ferdinand's reign was a golden age for spain. they ruled most of the modern day land that made up spain and were well on its way to becoming europe.
- Explains that ferdinand spent much of the previous decade fighting the french in italy. his final conquest was an invasion of navarre.
- Analyzes how isabella and ferdinand were motivated by political and religious arguments and sacrificed every other practical consideration. the letters between the king and the queen show that they acted in impeccable agreement.
- Explains that isabella and ferdinand were a powerful king and queen. their joint ruling of castile and aragon, sponsoring christopher columbus as he sailed to find new land, and the spanish inquisition were key aspects in unifying spain.
- Cites bard, mitchell g., “ferdinand & isabella.” jewishvirtuallibrary.org. american-israeli cooperative enterprise.
987 wordsRead More - Catherine The Greatanalytical essayMany years passed and there was still no heir to the throne. The Empress Elizabeth of
In this essay, the author
- Narrates how catherine converted to russian orthodoxy after a lutheran and german attitude.
- Opines that the true heir, peter the great, was german without a drop of russian blood in her veins.
- Explains that elizabeth's position was fragile and elected to keep the statesmen who worked under elizabeth.
- Narrates how catherine converted to russian orthodoxy after a lutheran and german attitude.
- Opines that the true heir, peter the great, was german without a drop of russian blood in her veins.
- Explains that elizabeth's position was fragile and elected to keep the statesmen who worked under elizabeth.
- Narrates how thousands of people moved to russia, and the response was excellent.
- States that in 1775, she ruled that each provincial capital must have a hospital.
- Narrates how she wrote several operas, some were performed there, and later wrote stories.
- Describes catherine the great, a title she was offered during her lifetime.
- Narrates how stettin was born into the anhalt-zerbst family, one of the poorest and most obscure german princely families.
- Narrates how catherine's mother, johanna, found her a husband in 1743. she was to marry grand duke peter iii of holstein.
- Explains catherine's life as a grand duchess from 1745 to 1762 was difficult. their marriage was never on good terms. she learned how to speak russian to convince the court of her good will.
- Analyzes how the empress elizabeth of russia, peter iii's aunt, was irritated because she wanted to secure a powerful dynasty and couldn't accomplish this without the presence of male heirs.
- Narrates how catherine gave birth to a son, whom the empress named paul, on september 20, 1754. peter accepted him as his own and elizabeth took him to her apartments.
- Narrates how peter mocked elizabeth's life and made loud, rude noises while the priests were speaking. he ended hostile relations between prussia and his russia.
- Explains that the russian army, largely due to peter's adopted changes, suffered great losses during the seven years' war.
- Explains that catherine felt she was in great danger and began to plot the overthrow of the new tsar.
- Explains that the ismailovsky's were hers, and from that moment on so was russia. catherine took the oath on june 28, 1762.
- Describes how peter, unwilling to fight, signed the act of abdication. he was taken to a nearby estate in ropsha and placed under surveillance. catherine received the news that peter had died.
- Describes how catherine was stunned by the realities of the country's financial and social situation when she met the senate for the first time at the summer palace.
- Explains that she sent experts to study the soil and propose suitable crops, and made grants to landowners to learn new ways being used in england.
- Explains that she turned to mining and sent geologists to access the ores from russia's seemingly barren lands. she founded the first school of mines in st. petersburg.
- Narrates how a new decree was established stating that anyone could start new factories except in the two capitals, which were overcrowded. a whole range of industries emerged: linen, pottery, leather goods and furniture.
- Explains how catherine created the statute for schools for all of russia in 1786. she did not set policies for the founding of universities because she knew that russia lacked qualified teachers.
- Opines that catherine was an enthusiastic collector of the arts, building up the imperial art collection from a dozen works to an incredible 3,926. her love for russia and pride in her adopted country comes through when we look at the beautiful collection of paintings done by the world's greatest masters.
- Analyzes how catherine felt her reign was fragile and in desperate need of noble support to keep the throne. she deliberately increased the power of the nobles over the serfs, and governed in such a way as to consolidate noble domination
- Analyzes how she lived through hurtful criticism, rebellion, war, and estrangement from her son, paul, who she thought incapable of ruling russia.
- Analyzes how catherine's reputation suffered because of the many accounts of her affairs. she died of a stroke on the 17th of november, 1796.
1808 wordsRead More