The History of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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The History of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed after World War II when the North Atlantic treaty was signed in 1949. The original countries were Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and the United States. Greece and Turkey joined in 1952, West Germany in 1955 and Spain in 1982. Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic were admitted in 1999. Today, these 19 countries make up the alliance, which may be looking to add new members. NATO was formed as an alliance in which all the members agreed to help each other defend themselves against outside threats. These main outside threats were the recently defeated Germany and the powerful Communist Soviet Union. An old saying by one of the early leaders of NATO says, “NATO exists to keep the Americans in, the Russians out and the Germans down.” The North Atlantic Treaty consists of a preamble and 14 articles. The preamble states the purpose of the treaty: to promote the common values of its members and to “unite their efforts for collective defense.” Article 1 calls for peaceful resolution of disputes. Article 2 pledges the parties to economic and political cooperation. Article 3 calls for development of the capacity for defense. Article 4 provides for joint consultations when a member is threatened. Article 5 promises the use of the members' armed forces for “collective self-defense.” Article 6 defines the areas covered by the treaty. Article 7 affirms the precedence of members' obligations under the United Nations Charter. Article 8 safeguards against conflict with any other treaties of the signatories. Article 9 creates a council to oversee im...

... middle of paper ...

...e expansion of the alliance entails, it is hard to tell what exactly NATO will accomplish in the future.

Bibliography:

Works Cited

“America Versus Europe.” The Economist 24 April 1999: SN5-SN8.

Proquest. Gutman Library, Philadelphia Univ. .

Goldgeier, James M. “The U.S. Decision to enlarge NATO: How, When, Why,

And What Next?” The Brookings Review 17.3 (1999): 18-21.

Proquest. Gutman Library, Philadelphia Univ. .

Mastny, Vojtech. “Did NATO Win the Cold War?” Foreign Affairs 78.3 (1999):

176-189. Proquest. Gutman Library, Philadelphia Univ.

.

Rosenfeld, Stephen S. “Farewell, NATO.” The Washington Post 2 Apr. 1999 :

A29. Proquest. Gutman Library, Philadelphia Univ.

.

Shattuck, John. “NATO’s Success Story in the Balkans.” Boston Globe 22 Jul.

2000: A15. Proquest. Gutman Library, Philadelphia Univ.

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