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The process of adolescence
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Shakespeare's historical plays
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Adolescent Psychology
I. Introduction.
The formation of identity can be seen in the adolescent characters in Anna Lisa Raya’s short story, It’s Hard Enough Being Me” as well as Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet. Formation of identity in adolescents can be best defined as to develop a clear sense of self. In Raya’s short story, she gives her readers an idea of what she experiences moving from a Mexican neighborhood in Los Angeles to New York City. Life was completely different for her than it was in El Sereno. In Shakespeare’s play, he gives his readers a tragic story line based on the two star-crossed lovers, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Romeo and Juliet share a love story but give readers an idea on what identity crisis feels like.
I am writing this paper because I am currently enrolled in a Psychology of Adolescence and Adulthood course. In my opinion, Psychology is a very interesting subject. Taking this course has led me to researching more information on adolescents. Hence, I have chosen the formation of identity in adolescents as my research topic. This gives me the opportunity to gain more knowledge of adolescent behavior as well as an excellent grade in both my English and Psychology course.
II. History/Data/Biography/Facts
The first use of the word adolescence came from the Latin word “adolescere”. Adolescere means to grow up or to grow into maturity. In 1904, G. Stanley Hall, the president of the American Psychological Association discovered the word adolescence. Identity is an individual’s self-definition that focuses on long-lasting characteristics of the self. Adolescent years are teenager years where every individual undergoes curiosity, as well as identity crisis. During this stage, teenagers begin to ...
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...ve. Anna Lisa Raya and William’s Shakespeare also give readers a great example of identity crisis in adolescents. After thoroughly researching the formation of identity in adolescents I have learned that ethnicity and family conflict play a huge role in identity crisis. Families who expose their ethnicity don’t have much conflict involving identity. When an individual is aware of whom he or she is, their confidence becomes stronger as well as their identity. I cannot relate to neither Anna Lisa Raya or Romeo and Juliet. My mother and father has made it clear that I was born a Hindu and that is the religion that I will practice. As to culture, they made it clear that I was born in an Indian family and I will remain an Indian. I used to question myself when it came to identifying me as an American or an Indian, and I have convinced myself that it’s a 50/50 matter.
During this stage, Erikson believes that the individual’s successful identity formation relies on social, cognitive and physical maturation (Pittman, Keiley, Kerpelman, & Vaughn, 2011). The individual tries out different roles for who they see in themselves and who they portray to others, eventually committing to their own personal role and occupational choice. Pittman et al. (2011) describe the identity formation as “consisting of decisions, investments, and commitments tied to current and future roles, goals, and relationships.” Additional considerations for identity formation include the context of the culture which is available to the adolescent during this time. After successful resolution of this stage during adolescence, individuals will typically progress into Erikson’s Intimacy versus Isolation stage during young
In this paper I will present the numerous theories built around the process of establishing one’s identity and provide examples of how this identity shapes a students involvement and actions while in school. I will also reflect on the importance for systems that foster identity formation that is equal for both inner-city and suburban children. It is crucial to the success of America’s schools to understand that a mixture of cultures creates a mixture of identi...
Lastly, we look at identity without knowing it adolescents are searching for the answers to the question, “who am I?”. Although this is an important part of development for this stage it didn’t just being in this stage nor do adolescents have the capability to figure it all out. While growing up children are pushed one way or another by parents and peers some are pushed towards academics while others athletics. But how influential are parents and peers?
Many philosophers and psychologist from Jean Piaget to William James have theorized what makes a person who they are, their identity. Jean Piaget believed that the identity is formed in the sensorimotor stage and the preoperational stage. This means that a child is forming his identity as late to the age of seven (Schellenberg, 29) However, identity is strongly impacted by society such as school, church, government,and other institutions. Through our interactions with different situations our personality develops (Schellenberg 34). "In most situations there is a more diversified opportunity for the development of social identities, reflecting what the individual wants to put forth to define the self as well as what others want to accept,"(Schellenberg 35). Therefore, humans, much like animals, adapt to different situations based on who they are with. Individuals are always changi...
Scientists and researchers continue to evaluate the adolescence timeframe in which all people form the foundation for the rest of their life. The knowledge and understanding required by not only scientists and researchers, but also psychoanalysts create a unique set of principles within the field. A vast understanding of past work done by people such as Erik Erikson and many others, adds to the current, growing knowledge attained by all professionals in the field of identity formation (Brogan 1). Ray Brogan, author of Identity Development understands the processes in which identity development research progresses in terms of past, present and future, as well as understanding the risks in which factors such as suppressive parents, teachers and even friends can pose on a developing adolescent’s personality. “Many development theorists see identity development as a means for an individual to explain the present as a bridge from the past to the future” (1). Brogan takes an interpretative approach to the research completed in past psychoanalysts by further expanding on their findings and interjecting his own throughout the analysis of identity formations processes.
According to Erikson from age twelve to eighteen a person may find themselves in a crisis of identity vs. role confusion. During this stage, many adolescents seek to re-evaluate the roles they fulfill and seek to find their own identity. If a person is not able to find a sense of identity they may begin to feel a sense of role confusion. On the other hand, once a person is able to be confident and content about his or hers identity they achieve the stage’s virtue of fidelity.
Human development is a highly complex lifelong process. Identity is a self-definition or sense of who one is, where one is going, and how one fits into society. It relates to our basic values that dictates the choices we make in life. It is considered that identity formation is a means of finding oneself, by matching one’s talent with available social roles. Crisis is a vital part in one’s development. It occurs in every stage of finding one’s self and without resolution, may lead to tension and role confusion. Dedicated and influential theorists such as Erik Erikson and James Marcia have contributed significantly to the broadening and understanding
Adolescence is a time of great change for a child. It is a time where they begin to explore who they are as individuals and develop their own identities as they get closer into adulthood. Erik Erikson theorized that in adolescence “the main task is developing an identity” and that a healthy identity is developed when they try on alternate identities and reflect on these experiences (Pressley & McCormick, 2007,p.147). Michael Nakkula says “identity is not the culmination of a key event or series of events, although key events can play an important role in the larger process. It is rather, the lived experience of an ongoing process-the process of integrating successes, failures, routines, habits, rituals, novelties, thrills, threats, violations, gratifications, and frustrations into a coherent and evolving interpretation of who we are. Identity is the embodiment of self-understanding” (Nakkula, 2008, p.11). The experiences that adolescents go through daily and over time influences the identity they eventually form. Adolescence is a time when children start to reflect on what they are good at, their relationships with family and friends, questions about sexual orientation and even religion. There are six domains that affect an adolescent’s development which are personal, social, familial, moral, and intellectual. I will be focusing on the social, intellectual and physical domains.
Adolescence refers to the transition period experienced by children that occur between childhood and adulthood (Shefer, 2011). Identity is first confronted in adolescence between the ages 12 – 19 years old, because of physical and hormonal changes in the body. It is also due to the introduction of formal operations in cognitive development and societal expectation that this contributes to an individual’s identity to be explored and established (McAdams, 2009). The forces within and outside (family, community) the individual that promote identity development usually create a sense of tension. The basic task is, in Erikson’s terms, “fidelity or truthfulness and consistency to one’s core self or faith in one’s ideology” (Fleming, 2004: 9), in a nutshell: "Who am I and where am I
DeCuir-Gunby (2009) states that identity is “a formation process begins at birth, peaks during adolescence, and continues to develop throughout adulthood, thus allowing an individual to fully negotiate multiple identities.” During adolescence, the peak of identity development, it is the most judgemental and children
Adolescence is a very important time in a young person's life. It is defined as a period of human development between the ages of 14 and 18 (Hall, 2011). Psychologically adolescence engulf the discovery for an individual's personal identity (Hall, 2011). Marked with hormonal changes, emotional changes, etc. it can become a period of instability. Not quite an adult, but not a child, many teenagers feel lost. They are trying to find themselves and their peer group is very significant.
...ed significantly on the concept of adolescence as a social construct due to the validity of adolescents from different cultures and their perspectives. Successfully, Erikson’s theory is presented through the Australian and Jewish culture, as both cultures use ‘adolescence’ on a daily base and consider it as a crucial aspect of an individual’s life, especially in understanding and developing identity. Whereas the Afghanistan culture, reject the period of child to adulthood due to environmental, social, political and so on factors. This reduces the sense of importance for young people, as they are often neglected and don't have a sense of identity or interest. This acknowledges and indicates the notion of adolescence as a social construct, due to not all cultures and societies having the privilege of having this transitional stage in life, constructing this concept.
Jones, Cheryl. "Identity and Adolescents: How Adults Can Help." NCYL. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . fifth
In conclusion, the formation of one’s identity has many components. Beginning at the onset of adolescence and continuing to expand, grow and form and reform as we live through the struggles or success of life. Many theorists have endeavored to clarify the development of identity formation. However, Erik Erickson offered one significant theory involving the formation of one’s identity. Expounding on Erickson theory, Marcia developed his Identity Status Model according to the existence or absence of crisis and commitments. These four statuses, diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium and achievement can combine in various ways to produce a self. One’s sense of identity is determined largely by the choices and commitments made, therefore, having a well-developed sense of self can provide an individual with insight to their strengths, weaknesses, and individual uniqueness. An individual that finds themselves
Transition and change are some of the most difficult obstacles for people to overcome. It is no surprise that adolescence, defined as the transition from childhood to adulthood, is full of obstacles (Feldman, 2012). During this time period, adolescents are neither adults nor children; they do not appear to belong in any stable group. However uncomfortable this may seem, it is also a fitting definition. For during the adolescent stage, adolescents face puberty, sexual curiosity, self-esteem issues, and doubts about their future (Feldman, 2012). Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson aptly argued that adolescents pass through the identity-versus-identity-confusion stage in which teenagers search for defining and unique characteristics about themselves (Feldman, 2012). When a teenager struggles with this stage, a crisis emerges in which they are unable to find an appropriate role in life, often acting out or pursuing dangerous behaviors (Feldman, 2012).