Contents (M1)
Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..1
Intoduction 2
Liver…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
Pancreas 3
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
Reference and Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
In the following piece of work, it will discuss what the pancreas and liver do, what they produce, how they do it and why they are important regarding to aiding digestion.
The Liver
The liver is a vital organ in the body which does many things in order to keep the body functioning smoothly. The most important functions of the liver are:
• To store vitamins, sugar and iron to help provide energy to your body
• Controls the production and removal of cholesterol
• Clear waste products
• Drugs and other poisonous substances from the blood
• Produces clotting factor to prevent excessive bleeding after injuries
• It removes bacteria from the bloodstream and produces immune factors
• And is most commonly know for releasing bile which aids digestion of food and absorbs important nutrients, (Anon., n.d.)
Products of the Liver: (Figure 1:Anon., n.d.)
The production of bile allows two main functions:
Emulsification or lipids- bile causes fat globules to break down or emulsify into minute droplets which increases the surface area of the fat making it digestible by lipase’s which cannot access the inside of lipid droplets.
Solubilisation and transport of lipids (in an aqueous environment): acids within the bile are lipid carriers and are able to make lipids more soluble by forming micelles (making a lose structure of particles in this case...
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... a wound/injury. The pancreas is just as important as it produces many hormones which are all important to keep the body normal and healthy. The pancreas is commonly known for producing insulin and glucagon which both help maintain the bodies blood glucose levels.
References/Bibliography
Anon., n.d. [Online]
Available at: http://www.hepb.org/pdf/the_liver.pdf
[Accessed 28 09 2015].
Figure 1: Anon., n.d. [Online]
Available at: https://www.patientresource.com/userfiles/image/Liver-Anatomy.jpg
Reece, W. O. (2009). Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals (4th ed.). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press
Figure 2:Anon., n.d. [Online]
Available at: http://m.patient.media/images/i41_l.jpg
Reece, W. O. (2009b). Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals (4th ed.). Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
In this observation, the purpose is to understand ethology, which is the study of how an animal’s
The gallbladder according to Dorland’s Medical Dictionary is ‘the pear shaped reservoir for the bile on the posteroinferior surface of the liver, between the right and the left quadrate lobe, from its neck the cystic duct projects to join the common bile duct’. The function of the gallbladder in the human body is to solve and concentrate bile, which is produced by the liver and is necessary for proper digestion of fats.
3 Apr. 2014. The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. http://eol.org/pages/323582/details>. Evans, Arthur V., Rosser W. Garrison, Neil Schlager, and Michael Hutchins. Grzimeks' Animal Life Encyclopedia.
Lerner, E. and Lerner, B., 2008. Giraffes and okapi. The Gale Encyclopedia of Science 4
Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2013). Human anatomy & physiology (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell ,Applied Animal Behavior Science - 1 December 2008 (Vol. 114, Issue 3, Pages 441-460, DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006)
Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition by Eldra Pear Soloman (pgs. 51 and 58)
An assessment of adequate energy intake can be established by evaluating body condition. Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and disease. Excess energy intake wall cause obisity which stresses joints and reduces athletic ability. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A horse in moderate physical condition is described as “Back level. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished but can be easily felt. Fat around tailhead beginning to feel spongy. Withers appear rounded over spinous processes. Shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.” (Henneke et al., 1981)
...ve eaten, to break down the food into a liquid mixture and to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine. Once the bolus has entered your stomach it begins to be broken down with the help of the strong muscles and gastric juices which are located in the walls of your stomach. The gastric juices are made up of hydrochloric acid, water, and mucus- and the main enzyme inside of your stomach is what is known as pepsin, which needs to be surrounded in an acidic setting in order to do its job, that is to break down protein. Once the bolus has been inside of your stomach for long enough it begins to form into a liquid called chyme, and what keeps the chyme from flowing back into our esophagus are ring shaped muscles known as sphincters located at the beginnings and ends of the stomach and they have the task of controlling the flow of solids and liquids.
What is hepatic cirrhosis? According to the medical dictionary hepatic cirrhosis is when scar tissue replaces the liver’s healthy tissue. This disease changes the structure of the liver and blood vessels that nurture it. It reduces the liver’s capability to produce proteins and process hormones, nutrients, medications, and poisons. Cirrhosis is an illness that gets worse over time and possibly can become life threatening. This serious illness is ranked as the ninth leading cause of death in the U.S. It is the third most common cause of death for adults between 45 and 65 years of age. It occurs in more than fifty percent of undernourished chronic alcoholics. Unfortunately it kills about 35,000 people per year. In other country’s such as Africa and Asia death from cirrhosis is usually caused by hepatitis B.
domestic horses (equus caballus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(3), 947-951. doi:10.1073/pnas.0809127105
Liver is a vital organ and performs several roles; produce proteins that help the blood to clot and removing body wastes; regulates the supply of substances such as glucose throughout the body (Potter et al., 2012). To be able to perform these functions the liver cells must function normally. Alcohol abuse is usually connected to alcoholic liver disease that permanently damaged the liver due to excessive drinking and continued excessive drinking can shorten lifespan. If liver cirrhosis has not yet occurred, the liver can heal once the patient stop drinking alcohol (ABS, 2010).
Mukerjee, Madhusree, Laurie Grace, and Bryan Christie. "Trends in Animal Research." Scientific American, 2 Feb. 1997: n. pag. elibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
The pancreas is one of the essential organs in the human body and belongs in the Digestive system. Out of all the internal organs, the pancreas is unique because the pancreas plays a role in both the endocrine gland and the exocrine gland. This means that the pancreas is a dual function gland in which is the reason why the pancreas is such a vital part of the digestive system. This research paper will talk about the anatomy, physiology, and the important functions the pancreas play to maintain homeostasis.
" Society & Animals 18.2 (2010): 183-203. Academic Search Premier -. EBSCO. Web. The Web. The Web.