The Difference Between Primary and Secondary Sources of Data
Primary data is data, which is collected by the researcher themselves.
This kind of data is new, original research information.
Primary sources enable the researcher to get as close as possible to
what actually happened and is hands on. A primary source reflects the
individual viewpoint of a participant or observer. Primary sources are
first-hand information from a person who witnessed or participated in
an event. Examples of primary data are:
* Interviews
* Questionnaires
*Observations
Secondary research is using information that has already been produced
by other people. A secondary source is used by a person usually not
present at the event and relying on primary source documents for
information. Secondary sources usually analyse and interpret. Finding
out about research that already exits will help form new research.
Examples of secondary data:
Internet
Books/ Magazines
Newspapers
Office statistics
The government statistics service
The office of national statistics
Centre for applied social surveys
The distinctions between primary and secondary sources can be
ambiguous. An individual document may be a primary source in one
context and a secondary source in another. Time is a defining element.
For example, a recent newspaper article is not usually a primary
source; but a newspaper article from the 1860's may be a primary
source for civil war research.
Explain the concept of validity
Validity is how truthful something is and whether a piece of research
has the ability to test or research what it set out to measure. The
word validity mainly refers to the data collection and whether it is
true. If a questionnaire, which was aimed at young girls was carried
out the validity would look at the results and think how truthful they
were. The questionnaire might not have been answered by who it was
aimed at so would not be truthful. So maybe the researcher would need
to chose a method that you know who is answering it (e.
(newspaper, map, image, report, Congressional record, etc.) This document is a newspaper article from World’s Work. 3. Is it a primary or secondary source?
Secondary sources of literature are primarily written by journalists and does not report an original finding, but rather relies on an original source to provide information that can be used as background material. To use it correctly, one must first distinguish it from primary sources and understand that secondary sources alone cannot sufficiently and
...n of the research method or methods used to gather and interpret them are included. The method used to collect data is normally outlined in the article is appropriate to the topic, and allows the study to be duplicated for purposes of verification. The document relies on other sources that are listed in a bibliography or includes links to the documents themselves. The document names people and/or sources that provided non- published data used in the preparation of the topic of study.
It is not fair to use one primary source to challenge a secondary source. A primary source is the opinion of one present person who has objectivity and biased. When comparing sources and studying an event it is important to look and cross reference many sources for the most accurate records available. Primary sources are often the most trustworthy sources but also are the most biased because the event effected the writer personally. A broad generalization can be helpful when referring to multiple primary sources but not when only using
First, I will start with the question I have about validity evidence, explain, and give an example of response processes? Now that I have ask the question, I will move onto the key points that I believe relate to validity. The first and I believe
It was quite challenging for me because the research process was long and I wasn’t read the articles carefully enough. After I gathered all the article I was lucky to find many goods points from the articles to support my point. It is better to have many resources to use for the final essay, so I was trying to carefully maximize the use of those articles. It is important to find the article so that can be evidence to support my argument. I was having hard time to distinguigh between primary source and secondary source. The librarian was very helpful in help me to find a primary source to use for my
The reason why my source is scholarly is I retrieved it from the Ashford University Library. I searched using search words “Ancient Egypt” and selected the Scholarly/Peer Reviewed option before submitting the search. To better understand about the author if she is a credible source on the topic I researched her background. Author, Susan Hollis has been engaged for decades in scholarship in the literature and mythology of ancient Egypt. Her professional presentations and publications generally focus on Egyptian religion and narratives, women in the Bible, interrelations between the biblical and the ancient Egyptian worlds, and various aspects of narrative folklore, with a special interest in women’s folk narrative. She began as an associate professor at the college in 1996 and was dean and center coordinator (1996-1999), for its Central New York Center in Syracuse, moving to the Genesee Valley Center in Rochester in 1999 as faculty. In 2007, she was promoted to full professor. Hollis earned her A.B. in religion, at Smith College and her Ph.D. in ancient Near Eastern languages and civilizations from Harvard University. Near
In my opinion, a credible source is one whose arguments and facts are supported and peer-reviewed by certified experts in their specific fields such as scholarly articles and official government websites. I determine the credibility of a source by looking at several factors such as the author's background, the date it is published, and the type of source. I believe the author's reputation contributes to the credibility of a source, for example, an academic journal published by a professor in a prestigious university is much more credible than a blog post on the internet as it has gone through a rigorous review process. Furthermore, the date when a source is published is also another essential factor to consider since an outdated source may
Four sites were sampled from the Priest River Experimental Forest in Idaho. Sample plot locations were specifically chosen to compare different areas. At each site, each group used a GPS to navigate to a specific destination for further observational studies. The elevation in meters was then recorded from the GPS. The range of the observational study was made within a circular plot with a radius of 18 meters and approximately 0.1 hectares. Two meter tapes were set perpendicular to one another so that the diameter of the circular plot extended to 36 meters. Within these plots, all trees that are over 10 cm in diameter are identified and measured. Calipers and DBH tapes were used to measure these diameters. A BAF 10 prism
In a couple of sentences, explain the significance of this source and why it should be included in your research.
... how the citations support the assertions made. The researcher must also be aware of the research and literature that is available in the field that will be researched (Best Practices for Concept Paper Development, 2010). The researchers must first be aware of what is known in order to find out what is unknown.
· What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of using particular sources in this context? Do the sources used help the author make their argument? Are some sources less effective? What are some possible biases of the sources used by the author?
However on the other hand, for all advantages; there are disadvantages. In some instances when people utilize and manipulate data, they may knowingly falsify data so that it may adhere to ones beliefs or theories. In addition there are people who may deliberately tamper with information as well. When collecting information, there must be neutrality when assessing and collecting data. In addition, professional competence and integrity must be superior and finally, all research subjects or respondents must be safeguarded from potential harm and sabotage.
-It is first-hand research. It may include interviews which you conduct. It also includes surveys or questionnaires which you organise and analyse. Be careful how you use information collected in a survey, however, as it is only a small sample and should not be used alone to validate arguments.
The primary data used may be too specific or not specific enough for the research problem at hand. The data collected was based on another company’s primary research and may have biases on used methods not aligned with the current marketing research strategy. It may not be a good strategy to answer market research questions purely on the results of secondary data, which may not be 100% accurate or relevant to the case at hand. Some of the secondary data might have copyright protection, making it illegal to use without permission. Finally, some of the information may be outdated if using sources from books or older journal articles. This may increase time as the researcher sorts through to identify relevant information, as in the case strategic specific