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Sigmund Freud is known as the founding father of psychology. If it wasn’t for Freud and his work psychology probably wouldn’t be around today (Javel, 1999). Although Freud had many followers there were some who didn’t agree with his work and found his work to be very controversial. There were also many who criticized his work, one of his most controversial and criticized work was his psychosexual stages of development and his believes about the famous “Oedipus Complex.” Psychoanalysis is the first known modality used to treat individuals with psychological disorders. Freud’s work was a foundation for many whether they believed in his work or not. From his work other psychologist would adopt what they liked and what they didn’t like they would modify coming up with new theories, modalities, and treatment options (Javel, 1999). Psychology has evolved greatly from the beginning to now. One of the newer modalities introduced to the field of psychology; thanks to Freud’s work is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). There are many similarities to many of Freud’s concepts with those of CBT. In CBT the concepts of automatic thoughts, core beliefs, and the desire to please the therapist are introduced (Javel, 1999). These same concepts have shown to have parallels with some of Freud 's work like involuntary thoughts, the preconscious, the unconscious, and
Freud’s unconscious mind concept resembles CBT’s “automatic thought” concept, which the patient has no control over (Javel, 1999). Freud liked to focus on his patients past because he believed that their present psychopathology was triggered by something in their past. CBT on the other hand, is a quick fix method which doesn’t touch on the past. It focuses on helping the patient with maladaptive behaviors in the present. Psychoanalysis treatments can last year’s whereas CBT may last anywhere form 6-20 sessions (Javel,
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) mainly focuses on the present of the client whereas Psychodynamic therapy largely focuses on the past of the client. I personally think that even though the past of the client may be responsible for his/her present condition, the problems affect clients’ daily routine. Therefore the focus of the therapy must target client’s present conditions. I find this interesting because unlike Psychodynamic therapy, CBT enables the therapist to become aware of clients’ immediate problems. It is significant because this may affect the client in such a way that he/ she might have to rely on therapist’s interpretation of their unconscious thoughts. For instance, CBT therapist might ask the client about past incidences if they are relevant to the therapy however the major focus will be on how the client’s current situation is affected. I believe that it is more effective
Psychoanalysis is a unique form of psychological treatment founded by Sigmund Freud and later modified by his followers including Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Harry Stack-Sullivan (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Although there is no one psychoanalytic theory Wedding and Corsini (2013) tell us that there are basic principles that tend to be found throughout different psychoanalytic perspectives. They note that psychodynamic perspectives emphasize ideas of the unconscious and the ability to increase choice by facilitating an awareness of unconscious motivations. Psychodynamic perspectives tend to focus on the client’s use of defense mechanisms like projection, reaction formation, splitting, intellectualization, repression, transference, and resistance as a way of avoiding painful fantasies, feelings, and thoughts (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Such perspectives embrace the assumption that people are ambivalent about change and emphasize the importance of exploring that ambivalence (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). In addition, the therapeutic relationship is viewed as a vehicle of change; one that can be used for exploring both unconscious (primary) and conscious (secondary) self-defeating processes and actions (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Transference and countertransference are viewed as essential therapeutic tools (Wedding & Corsini, 2013). Psyc...
This type of therapy is less structured than CBT and a long term commitment is required. Due to the length of therapy this type of therapy can be expensive (Sacks, 2007). Childhood and personal history are discussed and requires interpretation from the therapist. The theoretical constructs of these therapies are difficult to prove because they rely on things like the unconscious and the mind (non-scientific) and lack objectivity. It is also difficult in an empirical manner (Sacks, 2007).
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a form of therapy which can be used to treat a wide range of mental health problems. Cognitive Therapy is an active, directive, time limited, structured approach used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders, for example depression, anxiety, phobias (Beck, 1967). It emerged as a rational amalgam of behavioural and cognitive theories of human behaviour and is based on the idea that our thoughts determine our behaviour and feelings (Kendall PC, 1979). On average a patient attends between 5 and 20 appointments with their therapist. (Blenkiron 2013)
Shevrin, H. The Freudian unconscious and the cognitive unconscious: Identical or fraternal twins? In J.W. Barron, M.N. Eagle, D.L. Woliztky (Eds.). Interface of psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 313-326). Washington: American Psychological Association.
Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, was the principle proponent of the psychoanalytic personality theory. Psychoanalytic personality theory is tells us that the majority of human behavior is motivated by the unconscious, a part of the personality that contains the memories, knowledge, beliefs, feelings urges, drives, and instincts that the individual is unaware, and that only a small part of our psychological makeup is actually derived from the conscious experience. The problem is our unconscious mind disguises the meaning of the material it contains. As such, the psychoanalytic personality theory is ver...
Freud, S., Strachey, J., Freud, A., Rothgeb, C., & Richards, A. (1953). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (1st ed.). London: Hogarth Press.
Sigmund Freud? Who is Sigmund Freud? Sigmund was a Australian neurologist, also known as on of the founding fathers of psychoanalysis. Then he qualified as a doctor of medicine at the University of Vienna. Freud development therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference. His theory was unconscious as an agency of conscious states on mind. He postulated the existence of libido. Later he drew on psychoanalytic theory to develop a wide-ranging interpretation. Freud was born to Jewish Galcian parents in the Morvaian town of Pribor. He was one of 8 children. His father was a merchant. His theory was that humans have an unconscious, in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defaces against them. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was born in May 6, 1856. He died September 23, 1939. When he was young, Sigmund family moved to Vienna. (Where most of his life was) He was first to graduate in his class with Summa cum Laude. He studied medicine from that University of Vienna. So he worked to be a physician. Although he was good at what he did as a physician, he was amazed with the emotional disorder known as hysteria. He met a woman that had a disorder. Her symptoms were nervous cough, tactile anesthesia and paralysis. She also said that she was experiencing several traumatic experiences. He gave up the career in academia, he opened a medical practice and become interested more in psychological disorders. He first joined the French neurologist Professor Jean-Martin Charcot. Then he became familiar with hypnosis. Freud distinguished himself by giving the world a new medical discipline psychoanalysis. He developed an innovative approach to the human mind by provid...
...een disproven or modified by psychologists today, however his impact will always remain strong. His thoughts on human behavior were deep and original, which makes his techniques for treating psychological illness innovating. His use of self-awareness for unconscious thoughts was an intelligent approach for his time. “The principles of treatment which Freud enunciated were quite unlike those followed by conventional physicians in the practice of medicine, and must have seemed revolutionary in the period before the First World War when they were formulated” (Storr, 1989, p. 95). The way in which modern psychotherapy and forms of psycho-analysis are conducted today, is based off of Freud’s procedure (Storr, 1989, p. 95).
Modern CBT has been influenced by two major therapeutic approaches: firstly, ‘Behaviour Therapy’ as developed by Wolpe and others in 1950s and 1960s; and secondly, ‘Cognitive Therapy’ which was developed by A.T. Beck in the 1960s. As defined by Emery & Tracy (1987), CBT is “a series of strategies that relieve psychological suffering by correcting distorted and maladaptive thinking. The therapy is based on a theory of psychopathology that recognises the reciprocal interrelationship among the cognitive, behavioural, somatic and emotional systems”. Although CBT is often referred to as a unitary treatment, it is actually a diverse collection of complex and subtle interventions that must each be mastered and understood from the social learning perspective (Reinecke, Dattilio, & Freeman, 2003).
Sigmund Freud and Albert Ellis are widely recognized as two of the most influential psychotherapists of the twentieth century. “It is argued that the striking differences in their therapeutic systems, Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and psychoanalysis, respectively, are rooted in more fundamental theoretical differences concerning the essential nature of client personality” (Ziegler 75). This paper will discuss in detail, both Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Therapy and Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Therapy, as well as compare and contrast both theories.
However, CBT relies heavily on therapeutic relationship for the success of the treatment. Many may decide that CBT feels cold and too mechanical due to the heavy focus on cognitions and the structure. In Beck’s earliest manuscripts, however, he stresses the importance of developing a strong therapeutic relationship with the client (Beck, 2011). Throughout the counseling process, the counselor works to build trust and rapport with the client through collaboration and encouraging optimism (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). The therapeutic relationship remains collaborative, empathetic, active, flexible, nonjudgmental, and goal-oriented (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Due to the collaborative nature of the therapeutic relationship, the counselor encourages the client to provided feedback throughout the process. Anytime problems arise within the relationship, the counselor and client explore them together (Beck,
There have been many theorist in psychology such as Erik Erickson, Gordon Allport, and Raymond Cattell, among others. They have all made significant contributions to psychology and understanding human behavior. However, two theorist have distinguished themselves over the rest of them. Sigmund Freud is known as the father of psychoanalysis. He developed numerous theories to facilitate the understanding of the different stages humans go through. As well as Freud, Karen Horney also created her own theories. Her theories were relatively similar to Freud’s, however, they also have their differences. It is essential to have general knowledge of their background and to understand both of their theories before we begin contrasting them.
Warren Mansell (2008a) states that CBT is concentrating more on how we find, see, interpret, reflect and explain all the events from the client 's life taking in consideration all the mental processes especially at the conscious level. Also the unconscious aspects are not ignored, but this type of therapy thinks that will be very effective if the client is helped to become aware about "their conscious experience of meaning - making" (Warren Mansel. 2008a, p. 19).