The Cold War, Latin America, and Cuban Pretensions as a Global Power

analytical Essay

1664 words

The Cold War, Latin America, and Cuban Pretensions as a Global Power Following the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and the Castro regime’s subsequent alliance with the Soviet Union, Cuba emerged to play a substantial global role in Cold War politics. Most famously, Cuba featured as the staging ground for the super power confrontation of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Moreover, throughout the Cold War, Cuba provided near constant support for revolutionary movements across the Latin American region. Finally, Cuba provided crucial and direct military support for Marxist regimes in Africa through the mid 1970s until the early 1990s. A key and enduring topic of debate regarding Cuba’s global role in Cold War international politics centers on Cuba’s relationship with the Soviet Union: to what extent were Cuban actions independently determined, and to what extent were they dictated by her Soviet patrons? Simply posed, was Cuba little more than a satellite mercenary of the Soviet Union, or was Cuba an independent actor pursuing autonomous foreign policy goals in the Cold War world? The documents available at the Cold War International History Project of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars[1] allow new insights in addressing this debate. The original documents and expert commentary there available offers a concise examination of three aspects of Cuban Cold war global politics: the Cuban Missile Crisis, Cuban revolutionary strategy in Latin America in the 1960s, and Cuban intervention in Angola in 1975. The answer to this debate lays at a mid-point between the two poles: Cuba pursued policies that were autonomously determined endeavors of self-interest, but the possibility of pursuing... ... middle of paper ... ...of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, Palace of the Revolution, Havana, January 26, 1968, Year of the Heroic Guerrilla: Castro’s Secret 1968 Speech, CWIHP Document Library. [8] Brenner and Blight, CWIHP Document Library. [9] Jiri Valenta, “The Soviet-Cuban Intervention in Angola.” In Studies in Comparative Communism, 11 (Spring-Summer) 1975, 23. [10] “Havana’s Policy in Africa, 1959-76: New Evidence from the Cuban Archives” by Piero Gleijeses, CWIHP Document Library. [11] William J. Durch, “The Cuban Military in Africa and the Middle East: From Algeria to Angola.” In Studies in Comparative Communism, 11 (Spring-Summer) 1975, 64. [12] Transcript of Meeting between U.S. Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig, Jr., and Cuban Vice-Premier Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, Mexico City, 23 November 1981, CWIHP Documents Library. [13] Valenta, 12.

In this essay, the author

Describes excerpts of a speech by fidel castro, which were translated from spanish by the cuban council of state.
Analyzes how cuba played a substantial global role in cold war politics, including the cuban missile crisis, the revolutionary strategy in latin america, and the intervention in angola.
Explains that the initiative for placing soviet missiles in cuba originated in moscow, but met with cuban enthusiasm.

Describes excerpts of a speech by fidel castro, which were translated from spanish by the cuban council of state.
Analyzes how cuba played a substantial global role in cold war politics, including the cuban missile crisis, the revolutionary strategy in latin america, and the intervention in angola.
Explains that the initiative for placing soviet missiles in cuba originated in moscow, but met with cuban enthusiasm.
Analyzes how castro's revolutionary model inspired imitators throughout latin america. the soviets regarded the prospects for successful armed revolution as dim, while cuban and soviet policy towards revolution remained at distant cross-purposes.
Analyzes how cuba's military advisors had been active in africa, especially guinea-bissau, since june of 1966, and were integrated into active mpla units.
Analyzes the complex and contested relationship between cuba and the soviet union in their cold war partnership.
Cites jiri valenta, william j. durch, and piero gleijeses' "havana's policy in africa, 1959-76: new evidence from the cuban archives."

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Should the United States Lift the Embargo on Cuba?
opinion essay
The United States embargo of Cuba has its roots planted in 1960, 53 years ago, when “the United States Congress authorized President Eisenhower to cut off the yearly quota of sugar to be imported from Cuba under the Sugar act of 1948… by 95 percent” (Hass 1998, 37). This was done in response to a growing number of anti-American developments during the height of the cold war, including the “expropriation of United States-owned properties on the island… [and] the Soviet Union [agreeing] to purchase sugar from Cuba and to supply Cuba with crude oil” (Hass 1998, 37). Bad sentiments continued to pile up as Cuba imposed restrictions on the United States Embassy and especially when, after the United States “officially broke off diplomatic ties with Cuba, and travel by United States citizens to Cuba was forbidden ... Castro openly proclaimed his revolution to be ‘socialist’” (Hass 1998, 38). The day after this, the Bay of Pigs invasion occurred, but it failed in its job to topple Castro (Hass 1998, 38). Left with no diplomatic options and a failed military attempt, the United States decided that the only way to end Castro’s socialist regime was to sever all ties, and from 1961 to 1996, a series of acts were passed prohibiting the majority of trade and interaction with Cuba. (Hass 1998, 38).
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the cold war solidified the growing negative relations with cuba, and the embargo embodied it. the evidence, be it economic, diplomatic, or social, points to yes.
- Explains that the united states embargo of cuba began in 1960 when president eisenhower cut off the yearly quota of sugar to be imported from cuba under the sugar act of 1948.
- Opines that a simple repeal of the embargo would bring both the united states and cuba great economic success.
- Opines that the cold war solidified the growing negative relations with cuba, and the embargo embodied it. the evidence, be it economic, diplomatic, or social, points to yes.
- Explains that the united states embargo of cuba began in 1960 when president eisenhower cut off the yearly quota of sugar to be imported from cuba under the sugar act of 1948.
- Opines that a simple repeal of the embargo would bring both the united states and cuba great economic success.
- Explains that the embargo severely limits the necessary functions of international society. it detracts from cuba's access to u.s. markets and interferes in its trade with other countries.
- Explains that cuba's sugar production has fallen from 859 tons to 106 tons per 1,000 people over the past six decades, and cuban cigars are, according to the central intelligence agency, their largest export (2012).
- Opines that lifting the cuban embargo would satisfy a niche market, namely the american car collectors.
- Opines that lifting the embargo will boost the united states' economy and promote the world economy on a greater level.
- Opines that lifting the cuba embargo would boost latin american relations and solve regional stability. the release of castro's grip on cuba offers an opportunity to restore bonds with potential allies who share the american goal of prosperity.
- Opines that latin america's importance to the united states is growing by the day, and cannot be overstated.
- Opines that the united states should lift the embargo on cuba because cuba desires it.
- Opines that as more countries turn to democracy, there will be fewer provocations for war by non-democracies.
- Opines that lifting the embargo is the only way to normalize relations with our 7th closest neighbor.
- Explains that the world factbook cuba is available at cia.gov/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html.
- Cites griswold, daniel, haass, richard, and haven, paul.
- Explains that cuba celebrates 60 years of involution. the cost of the embargo is discussed in dollars&sense.
1425 words
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The United States and Cuba: An Embargo for the Ages
analytical essay
Cuba’s colorful history can be documented to before the days of the American Revolution in 1776, but today, American policy directly affects many Cubans’ lifestyles because of a nearly 45-year-old trade embargo that has been placed on the island nation. It is crucial to analyze the development of Cuba and its neighboring island nations in order to discern the reasons for Cuba’s current political situation with the United States. The following paper will discuss the events that shaped Cuba and larger Caribbean nations like Haiti, the Dominican Republic and Jamaica; next, a detailed description of Cuba’s turbulent history will help in explaining the Cuban transformation into a socialist economy; then, a detailed account of the U.S. embargo on Cuba will document the ups and downs of the policy all the way to the present day; finally, the current news surrounding American-Cuban relations will depict the most recent happenings in the ongoing disputes between the two nations.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that haiti was dubbed ‘la isla espanola,’ shortened to hispaniola, after christopher columbus discovered the island in 1492.
- Explains that columbus encountered hispaniola in 1492, and the spanish established the first permanent settlement in the new world, naming it santo domingo.
- Explains that the spanish held control of the island until 1670, when power was ceded to the british. economic adversity was the reason for many black uprisings.
- Explains that haiti was dubbed ‘la isla espanola,’ shortened to hispaniola, after christopher columbus discovered the island in 1492.
- Explains that columbus encountered hispaniola in 1492, and the spanish established the first permanent settlement in the new world, naming it santo domingo.
- Explains that the spanish held control of the island until 1670, when power was ceded to the british. economic adversity was the reason for many black uprisings.
- Explains the colonization of cuba by diego velazquez and his soldiers from hispaniola.
- Explains how the united states' recent declaration of independence combined with the corrupt spanish colonial government made cubans think more strongly about their independence.
- Analyzes the evolution of the cuban embargo, which is spread out over four years from 1959 until 1963, when former president john f. kennedy issued the ultimate trade sanctions against cuba.
- Analyzes how the agrarian reform law of may 1959 engendered a hasty economic change on the large caribbean island.
- Analyzes how cuba's ensuing trade agreements with the soviet union rankled the american government on many levels.
- Analyzes how the american policy toward cuba remained the same when kennedy took over, as eisenhower provided the new president with plans to overtake the cuban government.
- Describes the cuban assets control regulations, a detailed and intricate policy that denies cuba any part of the american economy.
- Explains how the oas followed the u.s.'s lead, requiring all member states to dissolve economic and diplomatic ties with cuba. the late 1970s and carter administration brought about a more relaxed attitude toward the embargo.
- Analyzes the development of cuba and its neighboring island nations in order to discern the reasons for cuba's current political situation with the united states.
- Explains that oil was the next tool that the u.s. government used to punish cuba and its newfound friendship with the soviet union.
- Analyzes how the u.s. embargo on cuba continues to be a controversial issue within american politics.
4619 words
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The US Embargo on Cuba
analytical essay
Roy,Joaquin. Cuba, the United States, and the Helm! s-Burton Doctrine:International Reactions. Florida: Univ. Press, 2000.
In this essay, the author
- Explains castro-marino and soraya's the united states and cuba: possibilities for trade relations in the nineties.
- Explains devarona, adolfo leyva, propaganda and reality: a look at the u.s. embargo against cuba.
- Analyzes lafranchi, howard, and the christian science monitor. america's embargo of cuba: what result after 35 years?
- Explains castro-marino and soraya's the united states and cuba: possibilities for trade relations in the nineties.
- Explains devarona, adolfo leyva, propaganda and reality: a look at the u.s. embargo against cuba.
- Analyzes lafranchi, howard, and the christian science monitor. america's embargo of cuba: what result after 35 years?
- Describes the 1996 national trade estimate: the arab league boycott of israel.
- Describes roy's views on cuba, the united states, and the helm doctrine:international reactions.
- Argues that the us embargo on cuba is ineffective in promoting change in cuba.
- Argues that cuba's human rights violations are not the only reason for implementing the embargo on cuba.
- Opines that colombia's human rights crisis does not affect its trade relationship with the us.
- Argues that the us is guilty of multiple human rights violations, including torture and ill-treatment by police forces. the us has diplomatic relations with several communist countries.
- Argues that the us should consider the stance of the world on issues such as the embargo.
- Analyzes how the embargo has had no influence on the communist castro-led cuban government.
- Opines that maintaining the embargo will continue to harm the cuban people more than it places pressure on fidel castro and hisstrict regime to change.
3561 words
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The Cuban Embargo: An Economic Sanction that Never Achieved its Goals. Close, But No Cigar.
opinion essay
Horowitz, Irving Louis. Searching for the Sould of American Foreign Policy: The Cuban Embargo and the National Interest. Institute for Cuban and Cuban- American Studies Occasional Paper Series. University of Miami, Miami, FL 2000.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes the cuban embargo: an economic sanction that never achieved its goals.
- Describes how fidel nationalized all private businesses and land, and president dwight eisenhower cancelled cuba's sugar quota.
- Explains that the economic embargo was maintained to reduce the resources available to the castro government to promote guerrillas in latin america and to advance communism elsewhere.
- Analyzes the cuban embargo: an economic sanction that never achieved its goals.
- Describes how fidel nationalized all private businesses and land, and president dwight eisenhower cancelled cuba's sugar quota.
- Explains that the economic embargo was maintained to reduce the resources available to the castro government to promote guerrillas in latin america and to advance communism elsewhere.
- Explains that reagan negotiated for normal migration from cuba and reimposed the original travel restrictions, which had been relaxed under carter.
- Explains how congress' attitude towards cuba changed in 1998 when 24 senators hoped to form a national bipartisan commission on cuba initiative. president clinton lifted the embargo on the sale of food and medicine to cuba during the cold war.
- Analyzes how the 45-year history of the embargo has had a limited impact on the united states and its citizens, but the effects are clearly seen in cuba.
- Explains that cuba received $100 to $150 billion in soviet and eastern european aid between 1959 and 1989. cuba had a universal comprehensive healthcare plan which guaranteed free health care to everyone.
- Explains how the cuban democracy act of 1992 reduced access to medicines and medical supplies from other countries, and the helms-burton act made it illegal for all countries to export any medical equipment with any u.s. technology.
- Explains that cuba's sugar cane production fell drastically after the fall of the soviet union. the soviets were paying cuba 5.4 times market value for their sugar crop.
- Opines that a healthy economy is necessary for the population of cuba to meet its basic needs. the embargo is meant to punish castro and his regime.
- Opines that the natural beauty of cuba would attract many american tourist investments if the embargo was lifted.
- Explains that castro's cuba has faced considerable economic hardships, yet shows no signs of political liberalization. the helms-burton act of 1996 was designed to place serious economic pressure on castro.
- Opines that the goal of economic sanctions is to destabilize the targeted country's government, but it has only been half-achieved.
- Agrees that there is unrest and lack of material resources in cuba, but castro is still in power. the embargo forces u.s. firms to keep their investments out of cuba.
- Explains that many proponents of the embargo cite the need for its continuance as the persecution of human rights cubans suffer at the hands of castro.
- Opines that neither lifting the embargo nor lifting it will change castro's political policies. normalized economic relations will lead castro towards a democratic cuba.
- Opines that lifting the embargo would put the pressure and responsibility on castro and his government.
- Opines that the embargo is an outdated ineffective tool that needs to be immediately removed by the u.s. government.
- Summarizes the reasons for the original embargo against cuba in 1960 and the actions the us has taken since then.
- Analyzes whether the cuban embargo has succeeded in containing castro and preventing him from spreading communism in latin america.
- Analyzes how the u.s. lifted its economic embargo with china while egregious human rights violations were still taking place.
- Analyzes how castro's interaction with other democracies shows that removing the embargo will not change his human rights violations.
- Argues that removing the embargo now would revitalize the economy and the cuban people.
- Cites centeno, miguel angel, mauricio font, fernandez, damian j., horowitz, irving louis, and suchlicki, jaime.
4321 words
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America's History of Failed Attempts at Intervening with Foreign Governments
opinion essay
Cuba itself has a very rocky past. Starting in 1899 Cuba and the U.S. first had governmental relations. A treaty was made stating the Cuba was an independent nation under U.S. protection and occupation. From the very beginning the United States was deeply rooted in Cuba’s governmental workings. This specific U.S. occupation ended in 1902, but only after the U.S. had made large economic investment within Cuba. This was not the end of U.S. involvement; this was ju...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the u.s. has a long history of intervening within other countries, whether it is for political reasons or otherwise.
- Explains that cuba and the u.s. first had governmental relations in 1899, and a treaty was made stating the cuba was an independent nation under us protection and occupation.
- Explains that the platt amendment was passed in 1901 even after a large amount of public uproar. the amendment was canceled in 1934 after mutual agreement between the u.s. and cuba.
- Explains that the u.s. has a long history of intervening within other countries, whether it is for political reasons or otherwise.
- Explains that cuba and the u.s. first had governmental relations in 1899, and a treaty was made stating the cuba was an independent nation under us protection and occupation.
- Explains that the platt amendment was passed in 1901 even after a large amount of public uproar. the amendment was canceled in 1934 after mutual agreement between the u.s. and cuba.
- Opines that the united states may exercise the right to intervene for the preservation of cuban independence, the maintenance of a government adequate for protection of life, property, and individual liberty and for discharging obligations with respect to cuba imposed by the treaty of paris.
- Explains that the government of cuba will sell or lease to the united states lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at certain specified points.
- Explains that the platt amendment was a good idea, but by enforcing these laws, the u.s. had the upper hand in cuban relations.
- Analyzes how fulgencio batista overthrew the current cuban president in a military coup, which was fully supported by the u.s. government.
- Describes how fidel castro was gaining supporters throughout batista's rule. the u.s. was not bothered, but castro attempted to end all ties with the us and began to set up a soviet style government.
- Explains that the bay of pigs invasion was planned during the eisenhower administration and executed during kennedy's presidency.
- Opines that the united states should not have been worried about the soviet union's involvement with cuba. cuba was fully able to function by itself.
- Opines that the u.s. should look past the idea of communism in the western hemisphere.
- Opines that castro was not the harshest leader cuba had ever seen. he helped the cuban people, much more than the u.s. backed batista.
- Explains nicaragua's history of oppressive leaders, including anastasio somoza debayle, who fled the country after a seven-day battle, prompted the reagan administration to pull u.s. aid from nicaragua.
- Explains that the habit of pulling out u.s. monetary aid from allies is a reoccurring trend practiced by the united states.
- Explains that the reagan administration secretly aided the contras in nicaragua, whose goal was to bring down the sandinista regime. they have been charged with many human rights violations.
- Opines that the u.s. government did not have the rights of civilians in mind when they aided the contras.
- Opines that the united states' desire to control soviet assistance to other nations is overstated and often does more harm than good. nicaragua and cuba are prime examples of the conflict u.s. intervention causes.
2032 words
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Fidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution
analytical essay
The failed invasion of Bay of Pigs had extensive repercussions. It advanced Castro’s political stature in Cuba and also allowed him to establish a more prominent relationship with the Soviet Union. Even though U.S. - Cuban relations were strained since the Spanish-American there was a small possibility that Castro would have been opened to working with the United States considering that Castro did not declare his allegiance to Marxist-Leninism till 1961. The Bay of Pigs invasion served as a catalyst for more bold Cuban-Soviet relations. The more bold Cuban-Soviet relations were seen in the Cuban Missile crisis in 1963.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how fidel castro led an attack on the moncada barracks in 1953, which led to his arrest, and the bay of pigs invasion in 1961.
- Analyzes how castro shows socialistic leanings that are seen in his original goals for cuba in history will absolve me.
- Describes castro's 5 proposed "revolutionary changes" that would address areas in society that needed immediate attention. these included the agrarian reform, nationalization of electric power, and the telephone trust.
- Analyzes how fidel castro led an attack on the moncada barracks in 1953, which led to his arrest, and the bay of pigs invasion in 1961.
- Analyzes how castro shows socialistic leanings that are seen in his original goals for cuba in history will absolve me.
- Describes castro's 5 proposed "revolutionary changes" that would address areas in society that needed immediate attention. these included the agrarian reform, nationalization of electric power, and the telephone trust.
- Analyzes how castro's speech in history will absolve me is a call for change, nationalistic, and not marxist-leninism.
- Analyzes how castro passed the agrarian reform law, which allowed the cuban government to obtain the properties of u.s. citizens and corporations. the embargo left cuba vulnerable and provided the soviet union with a window of opportunity.
- Explains that the spanish-american war was a turning point in the u.s.-cuban relationship. the platt amendment sanctioned the united states unilateral immersion in cuban affairs.
- Analyzes how castro's economic pact with the ussr helped cuba avoid an economic tragedy and provide a new ally in the cold war.
2467 words
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The Story Of The Invasion Of Cuba At The Bay Of Pigs?
analytical essay
On January 1, 1959, Cuban dictator Fulgencio was overthrown.(Goode, Stephen 75). Fidel Castro overthrew the old government and took over as Cuba’s ruler. During the weeks ahead, Castro found a new government and on February 16, he was officially declared ruler of Cuba (Finkelstein, Norman H. 127). The United States did not mind this new regime because the old ruler was running an unfair, corrupt, and unpopular government. Soon after everything was set, Castro and his men made a quick move to change their political course. These events worried the United States and there were concerns about Castro becoming too powerful. One reason was the friendship Castro had with the Soviet Union. Cuba was receiving armed forces to expand and improve its army. Cuba received 30,000 tons of arms a year, which included Soviet JS-2 51-ton tanks, SU-100 assault guns, T-34 35-ton tanks, 76-mm field guns, 85-mm field guns, and 122-...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the story of the invasion of cuba at the bay of pigs is one of overconfidence and lack of thinking. the invasion caused a rise in tension between the two great superpowers.
- Explains how fidel castro overthrew the old government and took over as cuba's ruler. the united states was worried about castro becoming too powerful.
- Analyzes how eisenhower ordered the cia to train the cuban exiles so they can be ready to attack. they were planning the invasion when john f. kennedy became president.
- Explains that the story of the invasion of cuba at the bay of pigs is one of overconfidence and lack of thinking. the invasion caused a rise in tension between the two great superpowers.
- Explains how fidel castro overthrew the old government and took over as cuba's ruler. the united states was worried about castro becoming too powerful.
- Analyzes how eisenhower ordered the cia to train the cuban exiles so they can be ready to attack. they were planning the invasion when john f. kennedy became president.
- Describes how the cia bought farms in florida for the cuban exiles to live and train in the invasion, which was code-named operation zapata.
777 words
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Jacobson - Cuba
explanatory essay
Smith, Wayne S. Portrait of Cuba. First ed. Atlanta Ga: Turner Publishing Inc, 1991. N. pag. Print.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how american culture has adapted many traditions, beliefs, and ethnicities guaranteeing a freedom to form opposing interests and viewpoints of our own, while cuba seeks conformity.
- Explains that afrocubanismo, the syncretic result of the african majority's culture and the dominant european minority, was the "conceptual framework of modern cuban culture."
- Explains that cuba today demonstrates itself as a mostly thriving nation in which all citizens are receive constitutionally protected rights, quality education, health care, and employment opportunities.
- Analyzes how american culture has adapted many traditions, beliefs, and ethnicities guaranteeing a freedom to form opposing interests and viewpoints of our own, while cuba seeks conformity.
- Explains that afrocubanismo, the syncretic result of the african majority's culture and the dominant european minority, was the "conceptual framework of modern cuban culture."
- Explains that cuba today demonstrates itself as a mostly thriving nation in which all citizens are receive constitutionally protected rights, quality education, health care, and employment opportunities.
- Explains that cuba is 48,800 square miles in area and is home to 11.17 million people. it is rich with historical cultural significances, endeavors of war and peace, economic tragedies and triumphs.
- Explains cuba's spanish language is the primary means of communication since it lies within latin america. the majority of cubans are of mixed african and european descent.
- Explains the history of cuba and its struggle for independence, beginning in the 1500's, with spanish settlement, and achieving its true independence in 1959.
- Describes how the peninsulares, creoles, and african slaves became defined in cuban society after the extinction of the indigenous population.
- Describes how cuban citizens protested the united states' occupation of the island.
- Opines that religion plays a key role in every culture. religion amounts to our beliefs of right and wrong in the world, and how we act morally and ethically.
- Explains that 49 percent of cuba's population was agnostic and 6 percent atheist, while 42 percent professed christianity.
- Explains that cuban religious activities were limited due to conflicts between church and state. pope john paul ii was welcomed to the island in 1998, evidently demonstrating the relaxation of state on matters of religion.
- Explains the cuban military, which consists of the revolutionary army, navy, and air defense forces.
- Explains that cuba's economy is socialist, with the general populous owning means of production, compared to the capitalist society, which america employs.
- Explains that cuba's health care system is a basic right of all cuban citizens, and emphasizes preventative medicine.
- Explains that cubans have improved their health dramatically since 1959, with lower infant and maternal mortality rates, a higher average caloric consumption, and reduced number of persons served by each doctor.
- Explains that food is in short supply in cuba due to a limited agricultural production, limited mostly to sugar. free farmers markets have been reopened, alleviating some of the hunger.
- Explains that the etiquette of cuban culture holds generosity and hospitality in high regard.
- Explains that being generous and hospitable is a highly valued quality. cubans like to complain and argue heatedly, but this kind of argument relieves social tension.
- Explains that american culture is similar in that we learn from a young age to show respect and common courtesies to others, although americans differ in their willingness to openly express conflicts.
- Explains that education is a key factor in all elements of culture and allows future generational development. cuba's educational system is available to all children.
- Analyzes how culture identifies itself by differences amongst nations of our attitudes and actions. both nations have undergone years of hardship due to events such as war to be where they are today.
- Describes bourne's biography of fidel castro.
- Explains that smith, wayne s. portrait of cuba. atlanta ga: turner publishing inc, 1991.
2778 words
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Free Cuba
analytical essay
Cuban history, like many other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean which have experienced colonial subjugation and imperial interference, is highlighted by tumultuous rebellions. Ever since the revolt of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes in 1868, who took up arms with his slaves to liberate Cuba from Spain’s colonial grasp, the existence of insurrectionists and adamant government opposition in Cuba has flourished. Social revolution and a strong will and practice of nationalism has indelibly characterized Cuban history. Nevertheless, the outcomes of particular movements and struggles for social justice have consistently frustrated revolutionary and radical leaders. Government regimes throughout history have in some manner or fashion, whether by force or by will, degenerated popular radical aspirations. For example, it was the North American intervention in 1898, during the second Cuban war for independence that opposed the popular will to establish an independent sovereign nation. Moreover, corrupt military regimes headed by opportunists such as Machado and Batista have also tainted and disregarded popular aspirations for national affirmation, human dignity, and democratic order 1. Consequently, Cuban history has proven that aspirations for social reform and a democratic republic have consistently gone arie.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how fidel castro and his constituents opposed almost every aspect of u.s. intervention and influence in cuba.
- Opines that the nation must be fully sovereign with regard to its territory, form of government, national and international political decisions, economic orientation, education, culture, and any other activities related to the historic process.
- Analyzes how che guevara's detailed account of the armed struggle may have allowed the movement to prevail and evolve into a socialist movement.
- Analyzes how fidel castro and his constituents opposed almost every aspect of u.s. intervention and influence in cuba.
- Opines that the nation must be fully sovereign with regard to its territory, form of government, national and international political decisions, economic orientation, education, culture, and any other activities related to the historic process.
- Analyzes how che guevara's detailed account of the armed struggle may have allowed the movement to prevail and evolve into a socialist movement.
- Analyzes castro's platform for reform, which appealed to much of the cuban populace. it allowed cuba to deviate from the path of foreign dependencies to realize and use its industrial capabilities.
- Explains the 26th of july movement's "program manifesto" in cuba.
- Describes the 26th of july movement's "program manifesto" in cuba.
- Describes the 26th of july movement's "program manifesto" in cuba.
- Analyzes how cuban history is highlighted by tumultuous rebellions. fidel castro's dream of achieving the unfulfilled ideals of cuba is the echo and reiteration of jose marti’s desire.
- Analyzes how the relationship between cuban sugar and american economic soverignty is an important aspect to consider when attempting to understand the cuba revolutuion of 1959.
- Analyzes how the m-26-7 movement was a detailed and systematic insurrection grounded in its platform for social, economic, political, and cultural reform.
- Analyzes how marifeli perez-stable asserts that if cuba was not hindered by the m-26-7 movement it might have fostered a national capitalist society.
2353 words
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The Roles Of Fidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution
analytical essay
Fidel Castro was an illegitimate child of the upper middle class in Cuba. He was the son of the family maid and his father, who happened to be a wealthy farmer and landowner. Castro was highly educated for the twentieth century in Cuba, earning a Doctorate in Law. However his success in life did not come to him as a lawyer, but as a ruthless politician and revolutionary. When dictator, Fulgencio Batista was overthrown during the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Fidel Castro boldly took on the role of leader over Cuba, broke away from the domination of the United States, and put Cuba’s economy in the hands of the Soviet Union. According to Charlip, “Castro visualized a reformed Cuba, with agricultural cooperatives, industry, education and healthcare
In this essay, the author
- Explains that fidel castro was an illegitimate child of the upper middle class in cuba. he was educated for the twentieth century, earning a doctorate in law, but was ruthless politician and revolutionary.
- Explains how castro united the people against a common antagonist: the united states. frustrated by the economic domination, castro cut the u.s. out of the economy and found sources elsewhere, the soviet union.
- Analyzes how castro's move to improve education in cuba was a success. the number of teachers tripled, schools quintupled, and illiteracy disappeared.
- Explains that fidel castro was an illegitimate child of the upper middle class in cuba. he was educated for the twentieth century, earning a doctorate in law, but was ruthless politician and revolutionary.
- Explains how castro united the people against a common antagonist: the united states. frustrated by the economic domination, castro cut the u.s. out of the economy and found sources elsewhere, the soviet union.
- Analyzes how castro's move to improve education in cuba was a success. the number of teachers tripled, schools quintupled, and illiteracy disappeared.
- Explains how castro's rule improved the quality of life and increased life expectancy. more hospitals and clinics allowed more access to treatment than ever before.
- Explains that the cuban government guaranteed that everyone would have housing, and they lived up to that promise, thereby eliminating homelessness. however, no one was allowed to own more than one dwelling.
- Analyzes how castro used force to achieve an improved society, but his vision for agricultural cooperatives, industry, and being independent economically were not as successful. castro put too much trust in the soviet union.
- Analyzes how the cubans wanted to race headlong into utopia and were convinced that the soviet union's only desire would be to help them get there. the russian leadership was less interested in the fate of 6 million dark-colored, spanish-speaking people living under palm trees.
- Explains that the soviets were using cuba for their own interests against the united states, not out of a sense of camaraderie with cuba.
- Analyzes how castro's socialist successes and trust in the soviets came at a devastating price. castro had to open the country to foreign investment and introduce components of capitalism to the economy.
- Opines that the cuban revolution was not a success for the people because they did not achieve their intended goals.
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Castro's Role In The Cuban Missile Crisis
analytical essay
Castro's essentialness in the Crisis can either legitimize or ruin American obstruction in Cuban inner undertakings. Before the occasion, the worldwide society was willing to acknowledge American endeavors to topple Castro since Americans were depicted as legends while Castro appeared to be an over the top socialist.20 But, in the event that Castro was only a pawn between U.S. also, Soviet Union, Castro enhances his global notoriety making it troublesome for future "gallant" American obstruction in Cuba.
In this essay, the author
- Argues that castro's essentialness in the crisis can either legitimize or ruin american obstruction in cuban inner undertakings.
- Opines that castro's part is by all accounts huge for two reasons: one, he assented to khrushchev’s arrangement and the other, his rockets were sent exclusively to ensure cuba.
- Argues that castro's apparent energy for atomic war may be his most noteworthy criticalness in the crisis since his readiness to utilize hostility incidentally persuaded khrushchev of the significance of keeping up world peace.
- Argues that castro's essentialness in the crisis can either legitimize or ruin american obstruction in cuban inner undertakings.
- Opines that castro's part is by all accounts huge for two reasons: one, he assented to khrushchev’s arrangement and the other, his rockets were sent exclusively to ensure cuba.
- Argues that castro's apparent energy for atomic war may be his most noteworthy criticalness in the crisis since his readiness to utilize hostility incidentally persuaded khrushchev of the significance of keeping up world peace.
- Analyzes how castro's absence of support in the soviet-american transactions was an indication of his political inconsequentiality. castro did not understand that khrushchev had yielded to expel all soviet hostile weapons from cuba.
- Analyzes how some u.s. government chiefs concurred that the missile crisis couldn't be ordered under cuban american connection since "the issue was totally one between the united states and the soviet union."
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The Reasons the United States Entered the Spanish American War
analytical essay
Long before our involvement, the Cubans had been leading revolts and revolutions against Spain. The Spanish empire considered Cuba to be its jewel, not only for its beauty but also for its economics. Cuba’s main source of income was from its expansive sugar plantations that greatly contributed to its wealth (more so to the Spanish Empires wealth). Ironically, even due to the high regard to Cuba, it was neglected and oppressed, as the Spanish Empire began its decline in the middle of the nineteenth century. The Empire was falling due to it slowly loosing its control over its territories, closer to the US then to Spain, because of a lack of industrializing. The Spanish would claim ownership, but never contribute back to their land. This opened the door for what is known as the 10-year war and the struggle for Cuban Independence. The United States never got directly involved, but it sympathized greatly with the Cuban’s cause, for ...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the spanish-american war was the result of the combination of events pre-dating the war and the spark that ignited our intervention into this conflict.
- Explains that the spanish empire considered cuba to be its jewel, but it was neglected and oppressed, leading to the 10-year war and the struggle for cuban independence.
- Analyzes how the us took special interest in cuba after the spanish rounded up the rural population into rebel camps and deprived them of food and sanitation.
- Explains that the spanish-american war was the result of the combination of events pre-dating the war and the spark that ignited our intervention into this conflict.
- Explains that the spanish empire considered cuba to be its jewel, but it was neglected and oppressed, leading to the 10-year war and the struggle for cuban independence.
- Analyzes how the us took special interest in cuba after the spanish rounded up the rural population into rebel camps and deprived them of food and sanitation.
- Analyzes how president mckinley was regarded as a weak leader and reluctant to go to war. the delome letter criticized his non-existent actions and insulted our national honor.
- Explains that the sinking of the uss maine triggered the call to arms for the american people. mckinley went to congress for permission for force against the spanish.
- Explains that the explosion of the uss maine was the most important cause, because it got the government to pay attention to what the people wanted.
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Americans and Cubans Approaches to the Platt Amendment
analytical essay
The U.S.’s relationship with Cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness, and the repeated U.S. interventions. The Platt agreement and Castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come, while, the embargo the U.S. placed on Cuba, enforced the harsh feelings. The two major events that caused the most problems were the Bays of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the u.s.'s relationship with cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness. the platt agreement and castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come.
- Explains the platt amendment, which was a set of guidelines for cuba to follow. the u.s. had been occupying cuba since the spanish american war in 1898.
- Explains that americans think they used the platt amendment to mediate and resolve internal disputes in cuba, whereas cubans tend to think that the amendment was designed to permit the u.s. to intervene
- Explains that the u.s.'s relationship with cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness. the platt agreement and castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come.
- Explains the platt amendment, which was a set of guidelines for cuba to follow. the u.s. had been occupying cuba since the spanish american war in 1898.
- Explains that americans think they used the platt amendment to mediate and resolve internal disputes in cuba, whereas cubans tend to think that the amendment was designed to permit the u.s. to intervene
- Opines that the u.s. had to have some sort of control and a permanent existence after withdrawing their military from cuba.
- Explains that the u.s. backed fulgenico batista, who was in charge of cuba, but not favored by the cuban people.
- Narrates how castro left cuba and worked with che guevara to build an army. he gained the support of more than half the cuban people and succeeded in overthrowing batista's reign.
- Describes how president eisenhower ordered the central intelligence agency to train and guide exiled cubans in an invasion against cuba to bring down fidel castro.
- Describes how the u.s. invaded cuba on april 17, 1961 at the bahia de cochinos, where 1300 exiles began fighting and, before long, began losing. president kennedy made the decision to not attack cuba by air.
- Explains that the soviet union was rushing to catch up with the u.s. in the arms race, but their missiles were lacking in power.
- Describes president kennedy's decision to impose quarantine around cuba to ensure there were no more missiles arriving. the soviet union demanded the removal of u.s.
- Explains how cubans fled to the u.s. in 1980, and the us set up a radio station that broadcasts anti-communist propaganda to cuba. castro responded by saying, "socialism or death."
- Argues that the embargo violates the united nations' resolution 56/9 of the 27th of november 2001 and is a crime against humanity.
- Argues that embargo is no longer necessary and to continue it would be cruel. the rest of the world sees cuba as a "poor and dysfunctional nation of 11 million that poses no threat to american or regional security."
- Explains that the cia began carrying out disciplinary operations against castro's government in response to the cuban shooting.
- Describes how paramilitary missions were organized to destroy sugar mills, sugar and tobacco plantations, farm machinery, mining, oil refineries, lumber yards, water systems, ware houses, and chemical plants.
- Explains how the u.s. disrupted trade with europe, and the cia began to plan assassination operations against cuban leaders.
- Opines that the platt amendment, castro's rise, the bay of pigs, the cuban missile crisis and the trade embargo have all intensified the suspicions between the two countries.
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A Brief History Of U.S.-Cuba Relations
analytical essay
On this day 191 years ago John Quincy Adams expressed his prediction for the future of Cuban-American contact. The Cuban wars of independence were only 15 years away from his prediction when he estimated. These independence wars continue to influence Cuba’s cultural and political attitude toward Europe and the United States; This in part due to the externalities involved in the remodeling of social structure in the aftermath of the revolution. The intentions and motives of each faction: rebels, United States government, Spanish government, United States public, and the Cuban public, varied widely to an extend that caused even more concern in the future. Depending on the point of view of an outsider the situation in Cuba seemed to be a continuation of revolution...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that american settlers in east and west florida declare independence and rebel against spain for control of land.
- Explains cubans' dub adam's policy la fruta madura; washington is waiting until the fruit is ripe for the picking.
- Analyzes how the cuban wars of independence influenced cuba's cultural and political attitude toward europe and the united states.
- Explains that american settlers in east and west florida declare independence and rebel against spain for control of land.
- Explains cubans' dub adam's policy la fruta madura; washington is waiting until the fruit is ripe for the picking.
- Analyzes how the cuban wars of independence influenced cuba's cultural and political attitude toward europe and the united states.
- Analyzes how prime minister cánavos del castillo, assumed leader of spain, emphasized the significance of a close spanish-cuban relationship barring foreign association.
- Explains that it is crucial to understand the historical context from multiple perspectives, and a greater look into the events leading up to the war and how it shaped policy and relations after.
- Analyzes how the island's topography affects its culture, such as how crops are grown, minerals excavated, fish caught, and how to live in the environment.
- Explains that mambises were a diverse group of guerilla soldiers who evaded spanish troops and built an army. the war devastated the coffee industry and american tariffs badly weakened cuban exports.
- Analyzes how josé mart's cuba libre movement was a call to arms against tyrannical spain in the pursuit of independence.
- Explains that mart was reluctant to cooperate with máximo góez and antonio maceo, the military leaders of the ten-years war of 1868 to 1878, but worked constantly during the 1880s and early 1890s to organize rebellion.
- Analyzes how the cuban junta cultivated propaganda as effective tool in the summoning of public support in cuba and america.
- Analyzes how the conditions of the war make it clear that american economic interests were not the sole purpose of intervention.
- Analyzes how propaganda had a sizeable influence on what people were expecting from the newly won war. the platt amendment allowed the united states to maintain control over cuba.
- Narrates the proposicion del capitan general ramon blanco erenas.
- Describes trask, david f., the war with spain in 1898.
- Analyzes how john quincy adam's letter to hugh nelson speculates the likelihood of u.s. "annexation of cuba" within half a century in spite of deterrents.
- Analyzes how the captain-general of cuba, ramón blanco y erenas, proposed that gómez and his cuban troops join him and the spanish army in repelling the united states.
2889 words
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