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Socioeconomic status and academic achievement
Research on racial differences in intelligence indicates that
Socioeconomic status and academic achievement
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African American students are less likely to take to take advanced mathematics classes as a result of tracking. Coincidently, according to research conducted at Boston College, family income was the best indicator of scores on standardized tests. If someone connects all the dots it becomes quite clear how our education system upholds racism. Once again, I will come back to the example of Chicago Schools. As stated earlier income level is usually the best indicator of how kids will score on standardized tests. When looking at Chicago neighborhoods and especially schools which are segregated based on income level. Students who score higher will be set on the fast track and be put in advanced classes. Ironically the kids who scored lower were …show more content…
Herrnstein and Charles Murray because although I disagree with what the authors argue there are evident truths present in this book. The authors argue that there are differences in the intelligence levels of ethnic groups, “Another taboo Gee that intelligence levels differ among ethnic groups. This is already well-known and widely discussed among psychometricians and other scholars” (Herrnstein & Murray 15). This isn’t due to some biological reason, but rather because resources and opportunities are not allocated equally to ethnic groups. However, with ideas like eugenics and other biological superiority mindsets racist policies have been put in place. People who believe that someone is biologically less intelligent will have little motivation to spend resources on them. In fact, to them it seems like a waste of time and money. No one would ever admit that these ideas persist today, but when one examines the discrepancies in the quality of education given to the rich versus to the poor it becomes evident. Especially when the demographic of people who hold most of the wealth are white. However, not all of what Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray say can be discounted. In fact, they point out that measures of intelligence are limited, “Measures of intelligence have reliable statistical relationships with important social phenomena, but they are a limited tool for deciding what to make of any given individual” (Herrnstein & Murray 27). They repeat this many times, while they attempt to clarify their research their data is very outdated and as result the statistics are skewed. Many people have used books like The Bell Curve, Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life to justify their ideas and
The education gap between the north and the south has many roles in the African American community. The north has always been industrial while the south was agricultural, many of these children who was suppose to be attending school was helping on farms working and helping their parents throughout the day instead of getting an education. “The percentage of all schools with so called racial or socio-economic isolation grew from 9% to 16%” Today students still experience or has been a victim to social and racial differences. When segregation was abolished it allowed students to be in the same classroom together, be able to eat and go to the same bathrooms, also being taught by the same teacher. However many teachers failed to realized or wanted to teach these students based on the color of their skin, causing many students to drop out of school because of not being heard. The black community has a low rate of graduation rates in the south than the white community “In the last four years more than 69 percent of white louisiana males graduated making for a 16 point difference, while 59 percent of black louisiana males graduated” These school systems doesn’t care that they’re not being taught or graduation. Based on race in louisiana it’s a 10 percent difference that causing them to less likely become successful. Still causing the social differences teachers refused to teach an African American student
The Bell Curve is a book originally published in 1994. It was written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray to explain the variations of intelligence in American Society. They accomplished this by using statistical analysis, for the purpose of raising warnings regarding the consequences of the intelligence gap. This was also made to propose a national social policy with the goal of mitigating bad consequences that have been attributed to this intelligence gap. Much of the information is widely considered controversial. An example of this is the low African-American scores compared to whites and Asians, and genetic factors in intelligence abilities. The introduction of the book starts with a brief history of intelligence theory and recent developments in intelligence thought and testing. The author creates six assumptions that has to do with the validity of the “classical” cognitive testing techniques.
... pressure for someone to live up to. Each person has his or her own level of understanding, and there are no proven statistics that show a connection between race and intelligence.
Diversity is part of the American lifestyle. America is a country built on capitalistic principles, where a countries’ economy is controlled by a small number of people. People who tend to have power in the society tend to separate themselves from the rest. Looking back at different time period of American history diversity has shaped up the lives we live as Americans, whether it is because of gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, socioeconomic background, and capabilities/ disabilities, there is always diversity in society. Although, diversity is increasingly being viewed positively, and as much as people are proud of their differences. There will always be a way for human beings to diversify themselves into groups in which share similar interests.
It is widely known that racial and gender discrimination appeared from an early time which is still influence today’s society. The term Black American is used rather than African American because many Caribbeans and Africans identify themselves by their country of origin or use the term Black, and the federal government, along with Whites, will classify them as Blacks (ATWATER,1999). The first black president appearance is a great change for the racial discrimination which be expected to change the status of the black. For the education in America, the black children always face to the tough situation. These Black American children now enter school with various language genres, patterns of behavior, motivations, attitudes, and expectations that are either unacknowledged or seen as developmentally deficit by their science teachers. If they are considered developmentally deficient, then teachers feel like the students must be remediated before science learning can begin (Figueroa & Garcia, 1994). This remediation usually includes helping Black American students “to become ‘successful’ in terms of a traditional white, male, heterosexual, and middle class conceptualization of success” (Powell, 1997, p. 14).In a long period, the black is considered as the representative of poverty and slow-witted. On average, Black American students understand the four basic mathematical operations, can compare
Success. Society tends to correlate “success” with the obtainment of a higher education. But what leads to a higher education? What many are reluctant to admit is that the American dream has fallen. Class division has become nearly impossible to repair. From educations such as Stanford, Harvard, and UCLA to vocational, adult programs, and community, pertaining to one education solely relies on one’s social class. Social class surreptitiously defines your “success”, the hidden curriculum of what your socioeconomic education teaches you to stay with in that social class.
One widely held explanation for the achievement gap in test performance between Black and White students is that the tests are either culturally or racially biased. Jencks (1998) points out three types of biases...
In her article she points out how social class has become the main gateway to opportunity in America. The widening academic divide means that kids who grow up poor will most likely stay poor and the kids who grow up rich will most likely stay rich. About fifty years ago the main concern about getting a good education relied on your race but now it's about your social class. Researchers are starting to believe that children who come from higher income families tend to do better in school and get higher test scores.
...est high school students in America” (Gladwell 82). It was shocking to learn that all the Nobel Prize in Medicine winners did not all come from the most prestigious schools. Also, in the third chapter I notices some aspects that were highly relatable to me. My life relates to subjects included in chapter three because I am a student. It is interesting and helpful to learn that one does not need the highest IQ to succeed in today’s world. This is how I relate to chapter three. The third chapter in Outlier by Malcolm Gladwell had striking information that stated that IQs do not always determine who will be successful, and I can relate to the information in the chapter because I am student who has thought about my IQ before.
Schools that are filled with low-income colored students across the country are far more likely to have inexperienced teachers, bad grades, very little opportunities for economic funding and racial segregation compared to schools in wealthier areas. The issue of teacher
...tudents in high-poverty schools. Indeed, low-income students given a chance to attend more-affluent schools performed more than half a year better, on average, than middle income students who attend high-poverty schools” (Kahlenberg, Middle Class Schools for All 2). From this data, it is clear to see that the type of school is what matters most, not income. Ones social income class should not be used to determine their intelligence, but to only advertise their yearly salary.
Mason, P. (1998, June). Race, cognitive ability, and wage. Retrieved January 14, 2012, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1093/is_n3_v41/ai_20809842
The Relationship Between Social Class and Educational Achievement Many sociologists have tried to explore the link between social class and educational achievement, measuring the effects of one element upon the other. In order to maintain a definite correlation between the two, there are a number of views, explanations, social statistics and perspectives which must be taken into account. The initial idea would be to define the key terms which are associated with how "social class" affects "educational achievement." "Social class" is the identity of people, according to the work they do and the community in which they live in. "Educational achievement" is the tendency for some groups to do better or worse in terms of educational success.
...trated in the inner city where the worst, most impoverished schools are located. Therefore, even if they wish to attend school, they still receive have less access to good teachers and a good learning environment. And perhaps the most detrimental issue that minorities face is that they are often stigmatized as inferior. This causes them to be treated differently and it causes them to have low expectations for themselves, which leads to poor performance.
The dichotomy between the view that intelligence levels are affected by situational factors and the view that intelligence is genetically transmitted has dominated psychological debates on IQ throughout decades. The statements made by many commentators that intelligences depends on genetic factors has been ...