Owing to the fact that testers such as ATE have limited memory, speed and I/O channels, and the amount of test data that is processed in and out of ATE is directly proportional to the cost of operation. In practice, the test data bandwidth comes as a bottleneck in speeding up testing to cut test time. Test data compression reduces the amount of data stored on the tester and more importantly, given the test data bandwidth, reduces the test time. Our goal is to summarize recent trends in test compression especially statistical coding and LFSR reseeding. 1. Introduction The trade-off involving fault coverage, test application time and test-data compression has been at the heart of research in design for testability. The alluring aspect of test-data compression is that it requires minimal changes to traditional design flow. A test cube is a deterministic test vector in which the bits that the Automatic Test Pattern Generator (ATPG) does not assign are left as don’t cares. Test cubes tend to be highly correlated because faults are structurally related in the circuit. By exploiting both these factors, high amount of compression can be achieved. Test vector compression schemes fall into following broad categories: Code-based schemes Linear-decompression-based schemes (LFSRs and XOR networks) Over the years, several code-based test compression schemes have been proposed for encoding test vectors of a circuit under test (CUT). Alternating run-length codes were suggested in [1], FDR codes in [2], [4], Golomb codes in [3], [7], statistical codes in [5], [6] and code combinations in [8]. One class of coding schemes, called statistical coding, represent frequently occurring code words with fewer bits and those t... ... middle of paper ... ...onf., pages 301–310, 2002. [15]V. Chickermane, B. Foutz, and B. Keller. “Channel Masking Synthesis for Efficient On-Chip Test Compression,” Proc.of IEEE Intl’ Test Conf., pages 452–461, 2004. [16]H. Tang and et. al. “On Efficient X-Handling Using a Selective Compaction Scheme to Achieve High Test Response Compaction Ratios,” Proc. Intl’ Conf. on VLSI Design, pages 59–64, 2005. [17] Y. Tang and et al. “X-Masking During Logic BIST and Its Impact on Defect Coverage,” Proc. IEEE International Test Conf., pages 442–451, 2004. [18] SeongmoonWang ,Kedarnath J. Balakrishnan , Srimat T. Chakradhar, “Efficient unknown blocking using LFSR reseeding,”Proc. of the conf. on Design, automation and test, March 06-10, 2006, Munich, Germany [19] A. Al-Yamani and E. J.McCluskey, “Seed Encoding with LFSRs and Cellular Automata,” Proc. of Design Automation Conf., pages 560–565, 2003.
Some of the testing at the unit level would be White Box testing. Making sure that different parts of processes or objects were executing properly during state transitions. It would look at the accuracy of logical operations for financial transactions and functions such as keeping double booking of appointment times from occurring.
COMP09022 Network Design BSc COMPUTER NETWORKING COMP09022 ICMPv6 Prepared by B00270675 13-03- 2015 WORD COUNT (0000) TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE……………………………………………... 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………….. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE REPORT……………………. 3 TABLE OF FEATURES.......................................................4
...hborhood, additive CA are ideally suited for V LSI implementation. Different applications ranging from V LSI test domains to the design of a hardwired version of different CA based schemes have been proposed.
...t, context switch and effects of various history register lengths- due to the increasing interference in the branch history the IHRT scheme performs the best and according to the simulations, it is evident that increasing the history register length often improves the prediction accuracy and effect of context switch- uses the BHT to keep track of branch history, the table needs to be flushed during a context switch are portrayed. On comparison, best predictors gave 94.4% accuracy whereas two-level predictors pushed it to 97%, the other 3% was still substantial miss rate and current version of simple scalar gives 98.8% hit rate.
Considering that all the current core BAX processes are being overhauled, this project’s complexity has increased enormously over the past year. All the pieces that will eventually make up BAX TOS must be thoroughly tested to insure eventual project goals are exceeded. One of the most important success factors in the eventual outcome of this project will be the quality of the component pieces, the integration of those pieces into modules, the knitting of the modules into systems and finally the large scale integration of all the new sub systems into the BAX
... middle of paper ... ... 19 Jan. 2010. http://library.thinkquest.org/20830/Frameless/Manipulating/Experimentation/Cloning/longdoc.htm>. Robinson, B. A.
The first thing to be done to accomplish the sequencing through this method is preparing the DNA library for the desired genome. The DNA library is prepared under three phases, the first phase is cutting the genomic DNA into small pieces. This is done by physical shearing of the desired DNA molecule or by restricting it either using certain enzymes. The shearing of the DNA is only done if its pieces or fragments are very long. The adaptors, primers and barcodes are introduced to all the clones in our DNA library, reason being that there are no vectors in next generation DNA library. The adapters are used to bind cloned fragments onto the beads and the primers are essential for the sequencing of the clone by polymerase. The barcodes are used for amplicon sequencing. The last step under DNA library preparation is the size selection, only fragments of assured size are sequenced. Now the DNA can be sequenced using methods such as the Emulsion PCR and the Polony
7.1 UNIT TESTING: In computer programming, unit testing is a software testing method by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to determine whether they are fit for use. Intuitively, one can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming, a unit could be an entire module, but it is more commonly an individual function or procedure.
Aggressive technology scaling has resulted in increasing process variations and statistical diversity in manufacturing. Process variations result in varying in path lengths, and thus a possibly different set of critical paths for different process corners, necessitating consideration of process variation in delay test methods. Also, process variation adds some of near-critical paths to the critical/longest paths set [4]. Therefore, to maintain the reliability of circuits, testing methodologies need to be improved.
Such a blocking signature can served as an evidence of JPEG compression [2], and some tampering operations [3]. Another important property is the quantization artifacts in the DCT frequency domain. During JPEG compression, each DCT frequency component in the 8 × 8 block is quantized by a quantization step. It will lead to a specific shape of the corresponding DCT histogram.
Compare Non-return-to-Zero-Level (NRZ-L) and Manchester codes for generating the following digital data string: 110111010010. (Draw
The uses of Digital Signal Processing in communications has become so large scale that nearly any form of analog communication is considered obsolete. Today, nearly any form of communication used, aside from verbal communication, relates to Digital Signal Processing. Some of the more prominent uses for DSP in communications are; local area networks, cell pho...
Mathias, Craig. “Dumb and Dumber”. Electronic Engineering Times 1176 (Fall 2001). ) Academic Search Premier. Colorado State U lib. 5 March, 2003. http://search.epnet.com>
Wolf, D. (2013), Qualcomm: Cometh the Reaper, [Online], Available on: http://siliconhutong.com/category/hardware-and-silicon/, (Accessed on 2 March 2014).
Software development follows a specific life cycle that starts with designing a solution to a problem and implementing it. Software testing is part of this software life cycle that involves verifying if each unit implemented meets the specifications of the design. Even with careful testing of hundreds or thousands of variables and code statements, users of software find bugs. “Software testing is arguably the least understood part of the development process” and is also a “time-consuming process that requires technical sophistication and proper planning” (Whittaker 71) It is important to comprehend this concept by understanding the different characteristics and aspects of software testing, and then to examine the techniques, procedures and tools used to apply this concept. This will enable the user to realize the problems faced by software testers and the importance of software testing.