2.4.3 View 3: Fairness linked directly to validity The 1999 Standards defines ‘customary responsibilities’ for professional test developers, publishers, sponsors, and users in the evaluation of tests, testing practices and effects of test use (AERA, APA & NCME, 1999, p. 73). It contains a section on fairness in testing and test use. While recognizing the existence of many other alternatives but equally legitimate perspectives on fairness, it approves three prevalent characterizations of test fairness in the field of educational and psychological testing: fairness as lack of bias, fairness as equitable treatment of all examinees in the testing process, and fairness as equity in opportunity to learn the materials covered in an achievement test. …show more content…
Therefore providing essential information to prepare the candidates before the test, during the test, and after the test is extremely emphasized. The sequence of before (I), during (II), and after (III) is the basis for the major divisions of this document. The Foundation of test fairness represented the nature of the terms and conditions that govern the test. Candidates should have this information before the test in order to plan and prepare adequately. I. Before the …show more content…
Use/misuse of test results 6. Record retention 7. Re-examination 8. Candidate challenges and appeals 9. Reporting summary of test results In addition to the principles has been indicated above, Kunnan (2004) sets of first principles and sub-principles combining both the practical and ethical systems in its framework. The principles and sub-principles for the Test Fairness Framework (TFF) are as follows: 1. The Principle of Justice: a test ought to be fair to test takers (sub-principle 1: a test ought to have comparable construct validity of score interpretations and deci¬sions; sub-principle 2: a test ought not to be biased in terms of construct-irrelevant matters); and 2. The Principle of Beneficence: a test ought to bring good to society (sub-principle 1: a test ought to promote good to society; sub-principle 2: a test ought not to inflict harm to society). These principles and sub-principles applicable actually, in test evaluation, and in fact in sensitive situation such as validity of test score interpretations and deci¬sions, absence of test bias, test access, test administration and test consequences. Further, test fairness is also about fair testing practice so that tests are beneficial and not harmful to
Students dread the time of the year when they stop with their course material and begin to prepare for test. Everyone is in agreement that some type of revolution is needed when it comes to education; eliminating standardized test will aid the reform. The need for standardized testing has proven to be ineffective and outdated; some leading educationalist also believe this because the tests do not measure a student’s true potential. This will save money, stop labeling, and alleviate stress in students and teachers.
In the article, “A Better Way to Prevent Cheating: Appeal to Fairness,” author David Callahan compared the idea of professors who grade mid-term exams to the role of them playing cops or detectives. The article was about the struggle that a lot of universities are facing with the epidemic of cheating amongst its students. A lot of these colleges and universities have put in play honor codes but they are not being enforced effectively. It talked about how that the students feel that it’s the only way for some of them to succeed, get into the college of their choice or even get the job that they want. One student even argued that everyone cut corners to get ahead in life it’s the norm in all industries. Even when trying to appeal to the student’s
Intelligence has begun to define individuals globally, but the goal of the minimum grading system is fairness and equality. Fair share grading is when all students in the class take an intended exam, but the class average score of the test is given to every student. Each student will receive the same grade even if one did better or worse than the average score. That being said it could reduce dropout rates, test anxiety, and competition between students. On the other hand, students could be affected negatively because it could lead to false self-value and unfairness to those students who study harder in order to earn higher grades. The debate continues about whether students should be separated by intelligence or be given equal grades in order
Standardized testing requires student to answer same or similar questions with given answer choices that are often in multiple choice or true or false form. Dating back from 2200 B.C standardized testing is recorded being used in China ,where people applying for government jobs had to take an examination ,testing their knowledge on confucian philosophy and poetry.During the mid-1800s in Industrial Revolution ,soon after child labor laws were enacted taking children out of farms and factories and putting them into schools the use of standardized test was introduced to America in Boston. Standardized testing was being used to compare schools and teaching quality; Boston’s program was soon adopted nation wide. Types of standardized test including the most common achievement tests and aptitude test. Achievement test measure the progress a student has made academically in a time period. Whereas an aptitude test attempt to predict a student’s ability to succeed academically.Standardized test are used on a large scale because computers can score them quickly, consistently, and inexpensively rather than open ended essay questions which need to be evaluated essay by essay, though essay questions allow for deeper thinking.The purpose for standardized testing is to create a standard on which all students can learn equally,but in “The Real threat to American Schools” by Alfie Kohn, the author claims that idea of standards might not be true. The author makes an interesting point in that if the possibility that all students met the state standards and passed all the tests would those students be considered ‘perfectly educated’ of would the politicians and test takers believe instead that the test was too easy and the standards were too low. B...
Even with material being taught incessantly, standardized tests can not accurately measure a student’s ability. The tests are “single-target—meaning that every student, no matter what level of achievement or ability, course selection, or cu...
10. Discuss the ethical and legal implications of assessment, including the right to privacy, right to know, informed consent, intellectual property rights, user qualifications, protection of test materials, and confidentiality.
Fairness Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2011, January 15). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved February 4, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairness_Doctrine
Standardized testing has become a dominant element in the education world. It is now used not only to judge a student’s knowledge but to judge the effectiveness of a school system’s teaching. Standardized testing is not an accurate or efficient way to judge a student’s intelligence or a school system’s instructional abilities.
Throughout the history of television, it has been evident that certain news stations have portrayed their news in a way that aligns itself with a certain viewpoint or political position. For example, today one can see how stations like Fox take a conservative stance on most issues while CNN takes a more liberal perspective on the same issues. Much of the influence that the media could have on people, especially during elections, was a cause of alarm for many people. This led to the creation of the Fairness Doctrine in 1949.
Standardized testing remains to be a major controversial issue for the American society today. Exams are given to students at different levels in their educational career and are supposed to measure their academic knowledge, but are these tests really the best way to evaluate students? There have been numerous alternatives suggested to replace or be used in conjunction with standardized testing.
Principles, when constructed properly and followed, help to ensure equal treatment. It answers questions such as: procedural fairness, legality, due process, and value. However, one must consider where the principles come from to carry out these things. Some of these principles come from external laws and rules that govern how we conduct professional business and carry out our responsibilities. Having a strong set of individual principles matters; they make it easier for people to follow and uphold the laws and rules we are bound by in our professional lives.
Standardized testing in the United States is not always a common practice. In the Mid-1800s, Horace Mann, an education reformist, developed a test to administer to a group of students. Its purpose was to determine how students were performing at their current level and whether they were capable of proceeding to a higher level of education, although the student’s success on the test had no negative repercussions. These tests were a necessity at that time because the idea of public education was still being molded and these tests were the only means by which student progress could be measured. Within 35 years of the first recorded examination in 1845, testing became the factor which determined whether students were able to be promoted to the next grade.
1. Legal Arguments: Examples of legal concerns surrounding the practice of mandatory testing include constitutional i...
Promoting fairness in the classroom not only gives the teacher respect but also gives the students a sense of safeness and trust within the classroom. Creating an environment that revolves around fairness, trust and respect will be beneficial to all of the children in the class. The terms respect and trust are pretty straightforward. There doesn’t need to be a debate on what those two mean, but the same cannot be said for fairness. When one usually hears the word “fair” it is often looked at as synonymous to the term “equal” but the two are not the same, especially in a classroom setting. The term fairness on the classroom level means that the individual students are given what he or she may need in order to be successful; fairness does not
It is important that teachers give children a fair chance to show their knowledge when assessing. “The purpose of assessment is to provide feedback that can be used to improve student performance” ( Orange 2000). Teachers assess children to ensure that they are understanding the material, and to make sure they are learning. For young children especially tests should never be the only criteria of assessment. Instructors should always make sure that their assessment is fair. When testing a child, make sure that the testing method used is appropriate for that child. For example, if giving a test that relies on visual aids to administer the test it is important that the teacher is certain that all the children have good enough vision to clearly see the aids.