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“When these other mass murders went largely unnoticed except by their victims, why, in England and the United States, was there such a storm of righteous protest about the Congo?” In the reigning of King Leopold at Congo, unfairness, judgement, and brutality are only some of the things seen. In Baffour Ankomah‘s essay, The Butcher of Congo, Ankomah talks of Adam Hochschild’s new book, King Leopold’s ghost. He describes it as ‘brilliant’, and both the story and events as something that “..Africa and the world must not forget.” Ankomah points out several details and central ideas that can be seen in King Leopold’s Ghost, and with them he includes excerpts of Hochschild’s explaining and opinions: little compliments like, “Hochschild tells it better” …show more content…
Like Hochschild says, this true story was “the great forgetting”. Many folks overlooked this detail, and ended up concluding that King Leopold and his reign over the Congo was one of the worst. However, this is not true, what with “what the Americans and the British were doing, or had done, elsewhere.” Yes, King Leopold was not so good of a guy, but that point is emphasized too far as Hochschild points out, “that is so only if you look at sub-Saharan Africa as the arbitrary checkerboard formed by colonial boundaries”. This brutal and even worse behaviour could be seen in various ruling countries, some of which include: France, Portugal, Germany, America, and Britain. One great example of these countries’s brutality is how “thousands of refugees ….fled across the Congo River to escape Leopold’s regime”, and how they “eventually fled back to escape the French”. This piece of evidence really helps contrast the things that were going on in France and the Congo, and with this, it seems as if things are going way better in Congo, which is saying something. Another country that gives a bad impression based on this evidence is America. During this time, America was in the middle of a war in a war with the Filipinos, where they “tortured prisoners, burned villages, killed 20,000 rebels, and saw 200,000 …show more content…
This is due to the Sir Roger Casement, an Irish investigator that was sent to observe Congo. His description was too harsh and disturbing for the British to publish without making a “sanitized version”, to which when printed, got a very upsetting reaction and an “18-page letter of protest” from Casement. Alas, “The Butcher of Congo” was gone by March of 1908, leaving behind “110 million francs worth of debt.” Funny enough, Britain gave King Leopold 50 million francs “as a mark of gratitude for his great sacrifices made for the Congo.” As if, although one does have to give him credit for not being as terrible as other countries. A time of chicottes, fraud, cruelness, and “sliced hands”, King Leopold and his ruling over Congo is something unforgettable. “It was the brutality of Leopold’s agents that would catch the eye of the world.” A time when ruling countries like France sent refugees back to Congo. A time when “brutal” was the only would people knew. A time when a place like Congo, ruled by King Leopold II, caught “the eye of the world”. A time when a ruler like King Leopold II was protested and criticized, while genocides and crudeness dotted the
The book mainly chronicles the efforts of King Leopold II of Belgium which is to make the Congo into a colonial empire. During the period that the European powers were carving up Africa, King Leopold II of Belgium seized for himself the vast and mostly unexplored territory surrounding the Congo River.
Alas, in 1961 Patrice Lumumba was assassinated by a US- sponsored plot 7 months after independence, and replaced him with a “puppet dictator named Mobutu” (Kingsolver). In her book, Barbara Kingsolver surfaces a forgotten part of our nation’s history in the exploitation of the Congo through her main characters, the Price family, who are missionaries sent to the Kilanga village. Through characters’ narratives that “double as allegories for the uneasy colonial marriage between the West and Africa” (Hamilton, Jones), Kingsolver creates a relatable way for her readers to understand the theme she is trying to convey, which is “‘what did we do to Africa, and how do we feel about it?’” (Snyder). Kingsolver began with this theme and developed the rest of the novel around it, just as she does with her other works, and sticking with her trademark technique, she utilizes her book as a vessel for “political activism, an extension of the anti-Vietnam protests” she participated in college (Snyder).
Adam Hochschild's "King Leopold's Ghost" is a lost historical account starting in the late 19th century continuing into the 20th century of the enslavement of an entire country. The book tells the story of King Leopold and his selfish attempt to essentially make Belgium bigger starting with the Congo. This was all done under an elaborate "philanthropic" public relations curtain deceiving many countries along with the United States (the first to sign on in Leopold's claim of the Congo). There were many characters in the book ones that aided in the enslavement of the Congo and others that help bring light to the situation but the most important ones I thought were: King Leopold, a cold calculating, selfish leader, as a child he was crazy about geography and as an adult wasn't satisfied with his small kingdom of Belgium setting his sites on the Congo to expand. Hochschild compares Leopold to a director in a play he even says how brilliant he is in orchestrating the capture of the Congo. Another important character is King Leopold's, as Hochschild puts it, "Stagehand" Henry Morton Stanley. He was a surprisingly cruel person killing many natives of the Congo in his sophomore voyage through the interior of Africa (The first was to find Livingston). Leopold used Stanley to discuss treaties with African leaders granting Leopold control over the Congo. Some of the natives he talked to weren't even in the position to sign the treaties or they didn't know what they were signing.
Leopold paid a large monthly price to a journalist to ensure a stream of sympathetic articles about his activities in the Congo. The French did not feel threatened by Belgium or by Leopold’s claims. Their main fear was that when the king ran out of money, as they were sure he would, in his expensive plan to build a railway, he might sell the whole territory to their rival, Britain. When talking to the British, Leopold hinted that if he didn’t get all the land he wanted, he would leave Africa completely, which meant he would sell the Congo to France. The bluff worked, and Britain gave in. Staff in place and tools in hand, Leopold set out to build the infrastructure necessary to exploit his colony. Leopold’s will treated the Congo as if it were just a piece of uninhabited land to be disposed of by its owner. Leopold established the capital of his new Congo state at the port town of
...abor to get what he wanted, ivory and rubber. Leopold was able to colonize and pillage Congo for its resources during the Scramble for Africa through forced labor. The quote that sums up my essay and the book is best described at the end of chapter 15. Massacring huge numbers of natives will eventually frighten the survivors into gathering rubber. This shows the intentions of forced labor by the Force Publique and the reason for the population drop in Congo during Leopold’s rule.
Joseph Conrad was a struggling polish immigrant and he wants to serve in Congo on a steamship probably moving around rubber and from what he saw he was definitely sick and bite he wrote the novel heart of darkness which as Hochschild shows is a very really pretrial of how corrupt and abusive official really were. But even his novel really captures suffering of Conges. His novel really talks about the mental anguish that conscious white people felt watching this stuff going down. The anguish clerk E.D. Murrow when he discovers this he came as a crusading journalist and he was very single-minded in his devotion finding the government documents and showing Belgium out to be criminals that they were here. Roger Casement was very veiled to exposing Belgium Congo and getting turn over from King Leopold to Belgium government proper which helps thinks little but not as much as people had expected for the two African-American heroes George Washington Williams and Williams Sheppard they gained a lot of fame internationally and they did gain some respect from plant first of United States, however, they still denigrated society. So we see that this is over hundred years ago people were much coarser much less concern with human life that lays
Hochschild concludes that the world must never forget the events of Leopold’s Congo. This event is evidence that it is the result of human greed that led to so much suffering, injustice, and corruption.
In King Leopold`s Ghost, the author Adam Hochschild conveys many attempts to challenge the actions of King Leopold`s control in the Congo. This was to reach an international audience at the time of the 20th century. Protestors depended on a variety of writing techniques to make their case successful. For example the use of direct letters to officials, published “open letters”, articles in newspapers, and public speeches. These protesters were George Washington Williams, William Sheppard, Edmund Dene Morel, and Roger Casement. These protesters became aware of the situation in the Congo in different ways. They also had diversity in how they protested through their writing. Although Edmund Dene Morel and Roger Casement share a comparative approach.
The land Leopold had obtained was about eighty times larger than that of Belgium itself. Plus, Leopold was proclaimed the “sovereign” ruler of all the Congo Free Sta...
During the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century, King Leopold II of Belgium invaded the Congo and used it to procure more wealth for himself and his nation. In doing so, as many as ten million Congolese were decimated, and they faced unspeakable horrors. Hochschild argues in King Leopold’s Ghost that all actions taken by King Leopold II were done out of nothing more than sheer greed and selfishness, and he used any means necessary to get what he wanted, and manipulated others into following suit by exploiting their own greed and racism. The only way the brutality was combated, Hochschild further goes on to describe, was through the actions of the few with a higher moral character.
During the 17th century, slavery was a widely used commodity with the Europeans, little do people know however that African kings also had and accepted slavery in their own nations. King Nzinga Mbemba of Congo and the King of Ouidah had similarities on the issue of slavery; they tolerated the use of slaves. Congo’s king had no contingency with slavery; in fact, he had slaves in his country. When the Portuguese were purchasing goods in Congo, the king had men “investigate if the mentioned goods are captives or free men” (NZ, 622). The fact that the king differentiates the men between ‘free’ and ‘captives’ illustrates that not all people in Congo are free. Whether these captives are from the country of Congo or not, they are still caught and held all across the nation against their will. King Mbemba kept slaves because the population of Congo was vastly declining due to the slave trade. In his letter, he pleads with the king of Portug...
Over the course of human history, many believe that the “Congo Free State”, which lasted from the 1880s to the early 1900s, was one of the worst colonial states in the age of Imperialism and was one of the worst humanitarian disasters over time. Brutal methods of collecting rubber, which led to the deaths of countless Africans along with Europeans, as well as a lack of concern from the Belgian government aside from the King, combined to create the most potent example of the evils of colonialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century’s. The Congo colonial experience, first as the Congo Free State then later as Belgian Congo, was harmful to that region of Africa both then and now because of the lack of Belgian and International attention on the colony except for short times, the widespread economic exploitation of the rubber resources of the region, and the brutal mistreatment and near-genocide of the Congolese by those in charge of rubber collecting.
One can easily note the physical and sexual violence brought upon the people (black and white) of Congo after independence, but we must locate the other forms of violence in order to bring the entire story of Patrice Lumumba to light. The director’s attempt at bringing the story of Patrice Lumumba to the “silver screen” had political intentions.
These emissaries of light are shown to be crude, sordid and violent. They had no regard for the destruction of Africa’s natural environment, wantonly destroying hills in a feeble attempt to establish a railway, “No change appeared on the face of the rock....the cliff was not in the way or anything; but this objectless blasting was all the work going on.” (Conrad 76) This statement reveals the real motive for venturing into the Congo which was not to bring a better, more civilized lifestyle to the poor, underprivileged Africans; but to satisfy their lust for power. “It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness.” (Conrad 65)
As Marlow passes through the waters of the Congo, it is easily visible the trouble of the natives. “Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees, leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth half coming out, half effaced with the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair.” (20) Show that the holding of these colonies has started. The soldiers have come in and taken the inhabitants and are destroying them and taking from them the one thing they deserve over everything, life. The imperialists seem to not care about the Africans and are just there for their land.