Iliana Garcia
Mrs. Im
Chemistry Period 3
12 May 2014
The 15th Most Abundant Element
In 1790 a discovery was made by an Irish Chemist named Adair Crawford. This discovery was the thirty-eighth element on the periodic table, Strontium. Its name comes from the town Strontian, Scotland where it was discovered. Strontium is a metal and belongs to the alkaline earth metals. “The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature” (Bentor). Being in period number five, Strontium has an atomic number of thirty eight which represents the number of protons in the nucleus. There are approximately eight-seven point sixty-two protons and neutrons in the atom which gives Strontium its atomic mass. Another way that Strontium can be represented is through its symbol Sr.
All elements on the periodic table have chemical and physical properties. Some of Strontium’s physical properties include ...
The "2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals" held that those business practices that have had a disparate impact effect on the older workers are now considered to be actionable under one national anti-discrimination law (Hamblett, 2004). The case does reaffirm a second Circuit precedent that had been set but which is at odds with what a majority of federal courts have held. The appeals court supported the idea that a layoff plan had been properly brought under the The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) although the company did not have the intention of discriminating.
Sulfur goes back to the ancient times but it was called brimstone. In 1979, a French chemist named Antoine Lavoisier recognized sulfur was an element and added it to his list of elements. The element sulfur is considered a nonmetal and is the 10th most abundant element in the universe. On the periodic table sulfur is in group sixteen and it is a representative element. Sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.07 with an atomic number of 16. There are three energy levels for sulfur the first energy level is two, the second energy level is eight, and the third energy level is six.
The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2)
The earth is made up of roughly 111 elements and combinations thereof, but only around 90 of the elements occur naturally. In 1789 Martin Klaproth discovered a new element and decided to name it after the newly discovered planet Uranus (Zoellner, 2009). This element called uranium is lithophilic and is the last natural element on the periodic table. It is the 92nd elements, containing 92 protons and an atomic mass of 238.0 grams (Cox, 1995). Uranium comes from the ores of uranite, canotite, and is present in only low concentrations of igneous rocks, such as granite. Uranium can also be seen in some glazes of pottery, as well as in the metals of armor-piercing weapons. This element also contains an extremely long half-life of over four billion years. This means that a majority of the uranium on earth today, is the exact same uranium that was present in the makings of the Earth (Cox, 1995; Thomson, 1963).
Technetium was originally discovered by three german chemists, Ida Noddack-Tacke, Walter Noddack and Otto Berg, whom had published an article stating the discovery of “Masurium” in 1925, however at the given time because they were unable to verify the existence of “Masurium,” the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry excluded their discovery. It was believed that Masurium was presumably Technetium due to the chemical properties and atomic number being very similar. Technetium was later discovered and proved in the form of Technetium-97 by two assistant researches of University of California in Berkeley, Emilio Segre and Carlo Perrier. In 1937 the discovery originated from a sample of mol...
Scandium is an element on the periodic table. It is a metal in group number 3 also known as a transition metal. Scandium has an atomic number of 21 and an atomic mass of 44.95. Sc is the chemical symbol for Scandium which has 21 protons, 21 electrons, 24 neutrons and 2 valence electrons. Scandium is a soft, silvery element which is very rare. It was discovered in 1879 by the Lars Fredrik Nilson. He detected this scandium in the minerals euxenite and gadolinite. He named the element scandium, from the Latin word Scandia meaning "Scandinavia". Scandinavia is now known as the countries of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The reason why Scandium was named after Scandinavia is because it is in the Scandinavian region where Scandium is most abundant.
Astatine (85At) and Francium (87Fr) are both rare elements found in nature, and are highly radioactive. Astatine was produced by Dale R. Carson, K.R. MacKenzie and Emilio Segrè, by accelerating Bismuth ions in a device called “Cyclotron”, but also found in the waste uranium. Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist in 1939, and it is found in its purest form in nature, but is really scarce in the Earth’s crust.
One of the least spoken about elements, cerium, is important and rather abundant for being considered a rare metal. It is more abundant than most metals in Earth’s crust. Cerium (Ce) has an atomic number of 58 and an average atomic mass of 140.116. To find it on the Periodic Table, either find atomic number 58 or use the electron configuration of [Xe]6s24f15d1. When searching across The Periodic Table, cerium is not a definitive eye catcher, however, seeing pure cerium ignite when scratched will spark interest in most people. Usually, cerium is in a solid metal form as an conductor. cerium was named after an asteroid called Ceres. All in all, cerium is a usually silvery, sometimes dark gray, malleable metal, in the Lanthanide series in period six that is very reactive but has many uses.
Radioactive elements were not known of until about 1896 when a man named Henri Becquerel was experimenting with uranium to see why it was fluorescent under UV light. He believed that as the uranium sat in the sunlight, it absorbed sunlight and reemitted it on the paper, creating the film. He later found this to be incorrect when the uranium continued to create film when not exposed to sunlight. This was because the energy was not coming from the sun, but rather from inside the uranium.
Tritium is a hazardous substance that should only be used by professionals or with professional supervision. However, Tritium undergoes beta decay, which is not as powerful and disables the beta particles from penetrating the skin. It is still not correct to perform experiments without being fully protected. There are still many health risks that are associated with Tritium. Exhaling, drinking and eating substance containing tritium is highly risky for your body. Once tritium has been injected or ingested into the human body, the half-life of the tritium is minimized to 7-14 days which also minimizes the power of the tritium, but still dangerous. A research which took place in Karnataka, India, shows that the half-life is partially based on
Radium is the 88th element on the periodic table, that gave off high levels of radioactivity, and for the first twenty years it was a magical healing substance that glowed in the dark. Introducing, this element to the human populace began both innovations to health science and tragic deaths of many who believed it was harmless.
Scientists have discovered a new organ now called the interstitium, (An interstitial space within a tissue or organ, specifically the tissue between the pulmonary alveoli and the bloodstream. It is a series of connected, fluid-filled spaces found under skin as well as throughout the gut, lungs, blood vessels and muscles) it plays a critical role in how many tissues and other organs do their jobs.
Nuclear Fusion - When two light atoms bond together, to create a heavier one. The total mass of the new atom is less than that of the two that formed it, the "missing" mass is given off as energy, as described by Albert Einstein's famous E=mc2. (HyperPhysics.Phy, 2017).
The cows incorporate strontium-90 into their milk, just as they do calcium. When growing children drink that milk, the strontium-90 is used to build bones and teeth, just as calcium is normally used. Once incorporated into bones and teeth, however, the radioactive strontium continues to emit harmful radiation for about thirty years” (Radioactive Fallout).
Radioactivity Experiments Aim: To determine the penetrating power and the range in air of the three radioactive emissions alpha, beta and gamma. Apparatus: * gm tube, * clamp stand, * the counter thing, * ruler, * set-square Method of penetrating power of Alpha particles, Beta particles & Gamma Rays: The equipment was set up as shown below to measure the penetrating power of each radioactive source. Geiger-Muller Tube Again the measurements were taken without the absorber to measure background radiation.