Radioactivity Experiments
Aim:
To determine the penetrating power and the range in air of the three
radioactive emissions alpha, beta and gamma.
Apparatus:
* gm tube,
* clamp stand,
* the counter thing,
* ruler,
* set-square
Method of penetrating power of Alpha particles, Beta particles & Gamma
Rays:
The equipment was set up as shown below to measure the penetrating
power of each radioactive source.
Geiger-Muller Tube
Again the measurements were taken without the absorber to measure
background radiation. The source was placed quite close to the
counter (1cm) and the thickness of the absorber was increased each
measurement.
Experimental precautions:
The distance between the tube and the source was kept constant
The material used in each experiment was kept constant.
Safety precautions were the same as the previous method but the
absorber was changed using a stand and tweezers.
Method for range in air of Alpha particles, Beta particles & Gamma
rays:
The apparatus were set up as in the diagram below to measure the range
in air up to 50 cm for each source.
Before the experiment took place we measured the background radiation
in one minute. We found out the background radiation count per minute
was 21.unts
* We started the experiment by making sure the radioactive source
was aligned with a ruler to the GM tube as accurately as possible
so that the maximum radiation is measured
* A set square was used to measure the exact point at which the
source and tube were placed
* The counter was reset each time so the counter read zero so this
would reduce zero error in the experiment and the hold button was
pressed to freeze the measurement
* Thirty seconds were left between the start of the count and the
The main strength of this experiment, was that the measurements could be taken reasonably carefully, as the number of repetitions could easily and accurately be counted.
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